题目列表(包括答案和解析)
There is one difference between the sexes on which every expert and study agrees: men are more aggressive than women. It shows up in 2-year-olds. It continues through school days and persists into adulthood. It is even constant across cultures. And there is little doubt that it is rooted in biology.
If there's a woman’s trait(特点) which is the same as men’s aggressiveness, it's what social scientists refer to as the result of "education". Feminists have argued that the caring nature of women is not biological in origin, but rather has been forced into women by a society that wanted to keep them in the home. But the signs that it is at least partly inborn are too numerous to ignore. Just as tiny infant girls respond more readily to human faces, female toddlers(学步者) learn much faster than males how to pick up nonverbal cues（非言语暗示） from others. And grown women are far more skilful than men at interpreting facial expressions: A recent study by University of Pennsylvania brain researcher Ruben Gur showed that they easily read emotions such as anger, sadness and fear. The only such emotion men could pick up was disgust.
What difference do such differences make in the real world? Among other things, women appear to be somewhat less competitive--or at least competitive in different ways--than men. At the Harvard Law School, for instance, female students enter with qualities just as outstanding as those of their male peers. But they don' t qualify for the well-known Law Review in proper numbers, a fact some school officials owe to women' s discomfort in the incredibly competitive atmosphere.
Students of management styles have found fewer differences than they expected between men and women who reach leadership positions, perhaps because many successful women deliberately imitate men. But an analysis by Purdue social psychologist Alice Eagly of 166 studies of leadership style did find one difference: Men tend to be more “autocratic”-making decisions on their own--while women tend to consult colleagues more often. Studies of behavior in small groups turn up even more differences. Men will typically dominate the discussion, says University of Toronto psychologist Kenneth Dion, spending more time talking and less time listening.
The passage mainly discusses__________.
A. how sex differences are demonstrated in social relations
B. how hormone determines sex differences
C. why there are differences between males and females
D. why men and women have different social roles
Which of the following is true of women's nurturing nature according to the passage?
A. It is not inborn in any sense.
B. It is inspired by women’s families.
C. It is caused by social prejudice.
D. It is partly biological in origin.
The Harvard Law School example in paragraph 3 suggests that_________.
A. women are not as competitive as men
B. law is not the fight profession for women
C. women are as excellent as men when they are young
D. academic qualities are not equal to performance
Which of the following statement is true according to paragraph 4?
A. Men leaders should consult colleagues and subordinates more often.
B. Female leaders' success is due to their imitating male leaders.
C. Men and women are different in their leadership style.
D. Decisiveness is an important quality for a successful politician.
It can be inferred from the passage that the writer_________.
A. denies the difference sexes make in real life
B. is prejudiced against men
C. discourages women to be competitive
D. treats sex difference objectively
阅读理解
For nearly half a century, Mary Lasker, who died last week at 93, was America's leading crusader (社会活动参与者) against cancer. Yet much of the money she used to fight the disease came from a product which is now considered as a cancer cause—the cigarette.
Her fortune first took shape in 1992 when advertising genius Albert Lasker was trying to raise American Tobacco Co. sales.“Get women to smoke”, a friend suggested,“and you'll double your market.”Lakser hired actresses and opera singers to support Lasker Strikes. For women worried about extra pounds, he coined the word,“Reach for a Lucky instead of a Sweet.”Lucky Strike sales increased 312 percent in a year.
By the time he met Mary Woodard in 1939, Lasker was one of America's richest men, thanks to Luckier and ads that brought in orange juice, facial tissue and sanitary napkins.“What do you want most out of life?”he asked her. She replied,“To help to develop the research in cancer, tuberculosis (结核病) and the major diseases.”They got married, and in 1942 she persuaded him to retire and devote his time and money to philanthropy (慈善业), especially medical research, which then had little private funding (利息) and almost not any support from the government.
Albert's 1952 cancer death left Mary with one goal: a cancer cure. She sold off several painting—Matisses, Renoirs and Van Goghs—and gave the money to researchers. For ten years, she managed to persuade to give a high position to the National Institutes of Health. Result: NIT's funding rises quickly from $ 2.4 million in 1954 to nearly $ 11 billion in 1994. Richard Nixon, moved and encouraged by Lasker, declared a $ 100 million“War on cancer”and promised a cancer vaccine (疫苗) by 1976. That proved a different goal, but research has scored advances against several cancers. And Mary Lasker's advice remains a laboratory watchword:“If there are no leads, let us make them.”
1．The words“Reach for a Lucky instead of a Sweet”were coined by Albert Lasker for the purpose of ________.
[ ]
A．tempting(劝诱)women to smoke so as to lose weight
B．persuading women not to eat sweets
C．telling women to smoke Lucky Strikes only
D．advertising Lucky Strikes
2．Albert gained his fortune by ________.
[ ]
A．selling orange juice
B．producing facial tissue and napkins
C．running tobacco businesses
D．none of the above
3．The money Mary used to fight cancer was from ________.
[ ]
A．The Lucky Strikes Co.
B．the government
C．her husband
D．her parents
4．Mary Lasker died ________.
[ ]
A．of cancer
B．from poverty
C．of T. B.
D．not mentioned in the passage
短文理解
The Chinese Antarctica expedition returned to Shanghai on March 20 following a month living on the ice．It was the first time Chinese scientists had visited the Amery Ice Shelf－the longest ice shelf in the world．
The team collected ice samples and data on temperatures, which are necessary for research on global warming．
So far, about 27 countries have visited Antarctica for scientific research．Although the living conditions are very hard, many scientists have to stay there for long periods of time．
So, how do they manage their lives on the ice?
Well, during the summer, the temperature in Antarctica reaches about －20 ℃．It falls to about －60℃ in winter．So, even if there are 24 hours of sunshine, scientists must keep wearing all the correct clothes _________．These clothes include jeans, running shoes, jackets, long underwear, boots and woolen socks．
Although highly technical clothing provides much protection against the extreme cold, scientists often need to go outside when there is an icy wind blowing and the temperature is －30℃．Natural protection such as facial hair can also help．
“That’s why many researchers wear a beard．It really does keep you warm．”says German explorer Raved Fuchs．
Usually, the polar researchers have good meals．Some even have feasts on holidays like Christmas and New Year’s Day．Vegetables are always welcomed and usually finished the quickest．
Life on the ice means living with other researchers in tight living spaces．Most people sleep in dormitory style rooms．More remote field camps use separate tents．So, at least some researchers don’t have to put up with annoying snores(鼾声)。
But what do they do for fun in their spare time? There are actually a lot of things they can do．They watch movies, read tons of books, listen to music, visit saunas, paint and ski．Some female researchers might even do some knitting．
It is important for a polar researcher to be in good physical condition．They can be required to climb to heights of more than 3, 000 meters．And the Antarctic atmosphere has less oxygen than that of any other continent．
1．Why is the expedition designed?(Please answer within 10 words．)
___________________
2．Which sentence in this passage can be replaced by the following one?
Hard as the living condition, one must…
___________________
3．Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence．(Please answer within 10 words．)
___________________
4．What do you think of expedition?
___________________
5．Translate the underlined sentence in the passage into Chinese?
___________________
There is one difference between the sexes on which every expert and study agrees: men are more aggressive than women. It shows up in 2-year-olds. It continues through school days and persists into adulthood. It is even constant across cultures. And there is little doubt that it is rooted in biology.
If there's a woman’s trait(特点) which is the same as men’s aggressiveness, it's what social scientists refer to as the result of "education". Feminists have argued that the caring nature of women is not biological in origin, but rather has been forced into women by a society that wanted to keep them in the home. But the signs that it is at least partly inborn are too numerous to ignore. Just as tiny infant girls respond more readily to human faces, female toddlers(学步者) learn much faster than males how to pick up nonverbal cues（非言语暗示） from others. And grown women are far more skilful than men at interpreting facial expressions: A recent study by University of Pennsylvania brain researcher Ruben Gur showed that they easily read emotions such as anger, sadness and fear. The only such emotion men could pick up was disgust.
What difference do such differences make in the real world? Among other things, women appear to be somewhat less competitive--or at least competitive in different ways--than men. At the Harvard Law School, for instance, female students enter with qualities just as outstanding as those of their male peers. But they don' t qualify for the well-known Law Review in proper numbers, a fact some school officials owe to women' s discomfort in the incredibly competitive atmosphere.
Students of management styles have found fewer differences than they expected between men and women who reach leadership positions, perhaps because many successful women deliberately imitate men. But an analysis by Purdue social psychologist Alice Eagly of 166 studies of leadership style did find one difference: Men tend to be more “autocratic”-making decisions on their own--while women tend to consult colleagues more often. Studies of behavior in small groups turn up even more differences. Men will typically dominate the discussion, says University of Toronto psychologist Kenneth Dion, spending more time talking and less time listening.
【小题1】The passage mainly discusses__________.
| A．how sex differences are demonstrated in social relations | B．how hormone determines sex differences | C．why there are differences between males and females | D．why men and women have different social roles |
| A．It is not inborn in any sense. |
| B．It is inspired by women’s families. |
| C．It is caused by social prejudice. |
| D．It is partly biological in origin. |
| A．women are not as competitive as men |
| B．law is not the fight profession for women |
| C．women are as excellent as men when they are young |
| D．academic qualities are not equal to performance |
| A．Men leaders should consult colleagues and subordinates more often. |
| B．Female leaders' success is due to their imitating male leaders. |
| C．Men and women are different in their leadership style. |
| D．Decisiveness is an important quality for a successful politician. |
| A．denies the difference sexes make in real life |
| B．is prejudiced against men |
| C．discourages women to be competitive |
| D．treats sex difference objectively |
阅读下面句子和短文，根据以下要求：1）汉语提示；2）首字母提示；3）语境提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的英语单词，所填单词要求意义准确、拼写正确。
1.The city has a small population, only (稍稍) over three hundred thousand.
2.She was (生育) of a healthy boy weighing 3 kilogrammes.
3.At the meeting they discussed three different (方法) to the study of mathematics.
4.They are planning to start a (战役)against nuclear weapons.
5.A theatre is a place of e .
6.The photograph is out of , making it useless.
7.Don’t the dictionary every time you come across a new word when reading.
8.However, Dr Yuan doesn’t fame or money.
9.Unfortunately, his father died, leaving the family even .
10.She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if .
11.In most places around the world, frowning and to someone shows anger.
12. (而不是)take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada.
13.The most universal facial expression is the smile, whose function is to show happiness and put people .
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