Now let's look ourselves as a species in relation to ecosystem balance.Modern scientists believe that humankind, like other animals, evolved(进化) through millions of years of changes and adaptations to the environment and that our most direct evolutionary ancestor was probably an earlier species of the primate(monkey, ape) group. Despite this similarity with other creatures, however, the evolution of humankind differs from that of other species in one important and unique way.
In other species, evolution has led to specialization, both in the species abilities and in its place within the environmental structure. For example, the giraffe is much adapted to feeding on treetops, but it is also specialized and thus limited to feeding on trees and shrubs. Only with great difficulty can it bend down to graze on the ground. Similarly, the anteater is extremely well adapted to eating ants but is unable to catch or eat other animals. The same is true for countless other species.
For humankind it is opposite. Our evolution had led to a very generalized ability. Our highly developed intelligence and ability to make and handle tools mean that we can do almost anything. Humans evolved in such a way that we are able to move into every environment on Earth and even into space. No natural competitor offers great resistance, and other natural enemies such as disease have been controlled.
Said another way, we see in humankind a great imbalance between biological potential and environmental resistance. The result is the rapidly increasing world population, frequently referred to as the population explosion. Further, to support our growing population, natural ecosystems are being increasingly displaced by human habitations, agriculture, and other human supporting activities.
【小题1】From the passage we can infer that in the course of evolution _______.

One topic is rarely mentioned in all the talk of improving standards in our schools: the almost complete failure of foreign-language teaching. As a French graduate who has taught for more than twenty-five years, I have some ___1_____ of why the failure is so total.  2  the faults already found out in the education system as a whole, there have been several serious  3  which have a direct effect on language teaching.

The first is the removal from the curriculum (课程) of the thorough teaching of English  4?????? . Pupils now do not know a verb from a noun or the subject of a sentence from its object.

Another important error is mixed-ability teaching, or teaching in ability groups so  5  that the most able groups are  6  and are bored while the least able are lost and  7  bored.

Progress depends on memory, and pupils start to forget immediately they stop having 8  lessons. This is why many people who attended French lessons at school have forgotten it a few years later.

Most American schools have accepted what is necessary and  9  modern languages, even Spanish, from the curriculum. Perhaps it is time for Britain to do the same, and stop 10  resources on a subject which few pupils want or need.

A. questions   B. evidences     C. ideas          D. knowledges

A. Due to      B. In addition to        C. Instead of        D. In spite of

A. errors       B. situations             C. systems               D. methods

A. vocabulary   B. culture          C. grammar             D. sentences

A. wide        B. similar                C. separate               D. unique

A. kept out    B. turned down        C. held back            D. left behind

A. surprisingl   B. individually     C. equally              D. hardly

A. extra          B. traditional          C. basic                   D. regular

A. restored      B. absorbed            C. prohibited           D. remove

A. wasting      B. focusing          C. exploiting            D. sharing

One topic is rarely mentioned in all the talk of improving standards in our schools: the almost complete failure of foreign-language teaching. As a French graduate who has taught for more than twenty-five years, I believe I have some idea of why the failure is so total.   55   the faults already found out in the education system as a whole-such as child-cantered learning, the “discovery”method, and the low expectations by teachers of pupils-there have been several serious     56     which have a direct effect on language teaching.

The first is the removal from the curriculum（课程）of the thorough teaching of English

57    . Pupils now do not know a verb from a noun, the subject of a sentence from its object, or the difference between the past, present, or future.

Another important error is mixed-ability teaching, or teaching in ability groups so   58    that the most able pupils are     59     and are bored while the least able are lost and    60   Bored. Strangely enough, few head teachers seem to be in favor of mixed-ability school football teams.

Progress depends on memory, and pupils start to forget immediately they stop having     61     lessons. This is why many people who attended French lessons at school, even those who got good grades, have forgotten it a few years later.  62     they never need it, they do not practice it.

Most American schools have accepted what is inevitable and     63     modem languages, even Spanish, from the curriculum. Perhaps it is time for Britain to do the same, and stop     64     resources on a subject which few pupils want or need.

    It is true that a smile means the same thing in any language. So does laughter or crying. There are also a number of clear similarities in the way different animals show the same feeling. Dogs, tigers and humans, for example, often show their teeth when they are angry. This is probably because such behavior patterns are inherited (遗传) rather than learned.
　　Fear is another emotion that is shown in much the same way all over the world. In Chinese and in English literature, a phrase like “he went pale and begin to tremble (颤抖)”suggests that the man is either very afraid or he has just got a very big shock. However, “he opened his eyes wide” is used to suggest anger in Chinese whereas in English it means surprise. In Chinese surprise can be described in a phrase like “they stretched out（伸出）their tongues”! Sticking out your tongue in English is an insulting（侮辱）or expresses disgust.
　　Even in the same culture, people differ in ability to understand and express feelings. Experiments in America have shown that women are usually better than men at recognizing fear, anger, love and happiness on people’s faces. Disgust, contempt (蔑视) and suffering seem to be the most difficult emotions for people everywhere either to recognize or to express. Other studies show that older people usually find it easier to recognize or understand body language than younger people do. And psychologists (心理学家) such as E.G. Beier have also shown that some people often give the completely impression of how they feel. For example, they try to show love but in fact communicate dislike. Or when they want to show interest, they give the impression that they don’t care. This can happen even among close friends and members of the same family. In other words, what we think we are communicating through language, voice, face and body movements may be the exact opposite of what for people understand.
71．According to the passage, even in different cultures the most easily recognized emotion is    .
A．anger       B．dislike      C．happiness  D．surprise
72．Experiments show that easier understanding of words and gestures has something to do with your           .
A．age and sex             B．love and cultural differences
C．impressions about the speaker D．emotional state
73．When we communicate with people,        .
A．we know exactly what they mean while they express their emotions
B．we sometimes misunderstand each other
C．we usually mislead them by expressing the opposite of our feeling
D．it seems much mere difficult to understand body language than language
74．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．When we communicate our real emotions, we many cause misunderstanding to others.
B．Different people in different cultures may have different ways to understand one gesture.
C．Some people are likely to hide their real feelings and express them in the opposite way.
D．What we say does always mean the same thing as the gestures we make.
75．The underlined word “disgust” in Paragraph 2 probably means “     ” in this passage.
A．strong dislike   B．friendliness      C．love  D．sickness

Now let’s look ourselves as a species in relation to ecosystem balance．Modern scientists believe that humankind，like other animals，evolved(进化)through millions of years of changes and adaptations to the environment and that our most direct evolutionary ancestor was probably all earlier species of the primate(monkey ,ape)group．Despite this similarity with other creatures，however ,the evolution of humankind differs from that of other species in one important and unique way．

In other species evolution has led to specialization．both in the species abilities and in its place within the environmental structure．For example．the giraffe is much adapted to feeding on treetops，but it is also specialized and thus limited to feeding on trees and shrubs(灌木)．Only with great difficulty can it bend down to graze on the ground．Similarly, the anteater is extremely well adapted to eating ants but is unable to catch or eat other animals．The same is true for countless other species．

For humankind it is opposite．Our evolution had led to a very generalized ability．Our highly developed intelligence and ability to make and handle tools mean that we can do almost anything．Humans evolved in such a way that we are able to move into every environment on Earth and even into space．No natural competitor offers great resistance，and other natural enemies such as disease have been controlled．

Said another way , we see in humankind a great imbalance between biological potential and environmental resistance．The result is the rapidly increasing world population，frequently referred to as the population explosion．Further ,to support our growing population，natural ecosystems are being increasingly displaced by human habitations，agriculture，and other human supporting activities．

From the passage we can infer that in the course of evolution              .

A．humankind is very important to earlier species，such as the primate group

B．human beings are limited by the environment while animals are not

C．human beings become more and more different from each other

D．humankind has experienced a generalization rather than specialization in ability

According to the passage，primate includes such animals as

A．monkeys and anteaters         B．tigers and apes

C．apes and monkeys             D．monkeys and giraffes

According to the passage，evolution has made it possible for humans to

A．increase the population         B．resist natural offers

C．go to the moon                D．cure all diseases

Humans evolved in such a way that we are able to move into every environment on Earth and even into space．

According to the author, imbalance between biological potential and environmental

resistance has resulted in               

A．the population explosion            B．the destruction of human habitations

C．the growth of natural ecosystem      D．the specialization of humans