Gestures are the“silent language”of every culture. We point a finger or move another part of the body to show what we want to say. It is important to know the body language of every country, or we may be misunderstood.

　　In the United States, people greet each other with a handshake in a formal introduction. The handshake must be firm. If the handshake is weak, it is a sign of weakness or unfriendliness. Friends may place a hand on the other's arm or shoulder. Some people, usually women, greet a friend with a hug（紧抱）.

　　Space is important to Americans. When two people talk to each other, they usually stand about two and a half feet (69 centimeters) away and at an angle, so they are not facing each other directly. Americans get uncomfortable when a person stands too close. They will move back to have their space. If Americans touch another person by accident, they say,“Pardon me,”or“Excuse me.”

　　Americans like to look at the other person in the eyes when they are talking. If you don' t do so, it means you are bored, hiding something, or are not interested. But when you stare at someone, it is not polite.

　　For Americans,“thumbs up”means yes, very good, or well done,“Thumbs down”means the opposite. To call a waiter, raise one hand to head level or above. To show you want the check, make a movement with your hands as if you are signing a piece of paper. It is oil right to point at things but not at people with the hand and index finger（食指）. Americans shake their index finger at children when they scold them and pat them on the head when they admire them.

　　Learning a culture' s body language is sometimes confusing. If you don't know what to do, the safest thing to do is to smile.

(1) From the first paragraph we can conclude that ________.

[　　]

B．gestures can help us to express our meaning

C．we can learn a language well without body language

D．only American people can use gestures

(2) If you stay in the United States, you should ________.

[　　]

A．shake your friends' hands all the time

B．shake your friends' hands with your eyes looking up

C．greet your friends in a polite way

D．greet a girl friend by putting hands on her shoulders

(3) In the United States, people often ________.

[　　]

A．show their friendship by touching each other

B．show their friendship by glancing at each other

C．say“Pardon me”to each other in a talk

D．get nervous when you stand too close to them

(4) If you talk with an American friend, it' s polite for you to ________.

[　　]

A．look up and down

B．look at him in the eyes

C．hide your opinion

D．look at your watch

(5) When your friend gives you a thumb-up, he, in fact, ________.

[　　]

A．shows his rudeness to you

B．shows his anger to you

C．expresses his satisfaction to you

D．expresses his worries about you

Friendship continues to remain central to our lives. Friends often affect our health and energy. More and more people are increasingly turning towards their friends for support and sharing rather than just communicating with their relatives. We may have a very unclear understanding of what makes a friend but we all want to have a good number of friends around us. There are certain things you do to help you make friends or at least help you get close to people whom you want to make friends with.
The first step to make friends with people is to make them like you. If they don’t like you in the first place, it is unlikely that they’ll be eager to become your friends. To let someone know that you are interested in him, simple gestures like a little smile and calling him by his name can help. To make the other person feel important, you need to be a good listener and to encourage him to talk. Give your honest and sincere opinion, but do not make fun of him.
The second step is to develop trust in each other. You need to share opinions with this person and it is necessary for you to develop a habit of seeing things from his point of view. To become the best of friends, you must show concern and consideration for your friends’ desires and opinions.
The third and final step is to show your support and encouragement towards your friend. Moreover, you also need to be very clear about your expectations from your friend. If what you expect from the person you want to be a friend matches with what that person can and wants to do in friendship, the developing friendship between you and your friend is sure to be easy and successful.
【小题1】What can we learn about friends and friendship?

Friendship continues to remain central to our lives. Friends often affect our health and energy. More and more people are increasingly turning towards their friends for support and sharing rather than just communicating with their relatives. We may have a very unclear understanding of what makes a friend but we all want to have a good number of friends around us. There are certain things you do to help you make friends or at least help you get close to people whom you want to make friends with.
The first step to make friends with people is to make them like you. If they don’t like you in the first place, it is unlikely that they’ll be eager to become your friends. To let someone know that you are interested in him, simple gestures like a little smile and calling him by his name can help. To make the other person feel important, you need to be a good listener and to encourage him to talk. Give your honest and sincere opinion, but do not make fun of him.
The second step is to develop trust in each other. You need to share opinions with this person and it is necessary for you to develop a habit of seeing things from his point of view. To become the best of friends, you must show concern and consideration for your friends’ desires and opinions.
The third and final step is to show your support and encouragement towards your friend. Moreover, you also need to be very clear about your expectations from your friend. If what you expect from the person you want to be a friend matches with what that person can and wants to do in friendship, the developing friendship between you and your friend is sure to be easy and successful

1. 1.

   What can we learn about friends and friendship?

   1. A.
      Friendship is not important in our life
   2. B.
      Friends have nothing to do with our health and energy
   3. C.
      Friends can provide us with support
   4. D.
      Relatives can not become friends
2. 2.

   Which is the right order of making friends according to the writer?
   ① When you meet some problems, you ask him for help.
   ② When he is in trouble, you tell him your ideas.
   ③ You smile at him to let him know you like him

   1. A.
      ②①③
   2. B.
      ①②③
   3. C.
      ③①②
   4. D.
      ③②①
3. 3.

   We can infer from the passage that ______.

   1. A.
      you can’t call your friend by his name
   2. B.
      friends should understand each other
   3. C.
      there should be no secret between friends
   4. D.
      friends don’t need support and encouragement
4. 4.

   What is the main purpose of the writer?

   1. A.
      To tell us about the importance of making friends
   2. B.
      To tell us about the advantages and disadvantages of friendship
   3. C.
      To introduce the steps for making friends
   4. D.
      To tell us that friends are hard to make
5. 5.

   What’s the meaning of the underlined word gestures?

   1. A.
      身势语
   2. B.
      客人
   3. C.
      猜测
   4. D.
      表演