Air pollution is a leading cause of cancer and classified among Group 1,or top, human carcinogens (致癌物质), said the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which is the World Health Organization's (WHO) cancer agency, on Oct 17,2013.

The most widely used system for classifying carcinogens comes from the IARC, which places them into five groups. Group 1 carcinogens definitely cause cancer in humans. Group 2A is probably carcinogenic to humans, Group 2B is possibly carcinogenic, the carcinogenicity of Group 3 in humans is unclassifiable, and Group 4 is probably not carcinogenic to humans. Only a little more than 100 are classified as Group 1 cancer-causing substances, including ultraviolet radiation and tobacco smoke.

“Our task was to evaluate the air everyone breathes rather than focus on specific air pollutants,” the lARC's Dana Loomis said in a statement. “The results from the reviewed studies point in the same direction: the risk of developing lung cancer is significantly increased in people exposed to air pollution.”

In 2010, lung cancer resulting from air pollution killed 223,000 people worldwide, and there was also convincing evidence that it increases the risk of bladder (膀腕) cancer, according to the IARC.

Air pollution is already known to raise risks for a wide range of illnesses, including respiratory and heart diseases.

Air pollution is global, although the levels of it vary over space and time.

Loomis said people in Asia, eastern North America, some places in Central America and Mexico, as well as North Africa have relatively high exposure. Developing countries with large populations and booming manufacturing sectors, such as China, are particularly at risk.

Many cities in China, such as Beijing, frequently see smog. This week, Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang province, became the first Chinese city to officially suspend classes due to serious smog

Many developed countries face similar problems, although to a lesser degree than most developing nations. In Europe, levels of many pollutants have fallen. But between 91 and 96 percent of Europeans living in cities are exposed to levels of PM2.5—tiny particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers—that are higher than the WHO safety limits, says a report published by the European Environment Agency on Oct 15.

Although both the composition and levels of air pollution can vary dramatically from one location to the other, the 1ARC said its conclusions apply to all regions of the world.

“Given the scale of the exposure affecting people worldwide, this report should send a strong signal to the international community to take action without further delay,” said Christopher Wild, director of the IARC.

1.What might be the best title of the passage?

A. Signals of air pollution

B. Safety limits of air pollution

C. Air pollution, cancer risk

D. Air pollution, smog risk

2.What’s the main task of IARC?

A. To focus on cancer-causing substances.

B. To evaluate the air quality.

C. To study the developing risk of cancer.

D. To send signals to the international community.

3.Why should the international community take action without further delay?

A. The composition and levels of air pollution vary from place to place.

B. More and more people in developing countries are exposed to air pollution.

C. Developed countries face air pollution, the level of which is higher than the safety limits.

D. A large number of people worldwide are exposed to air pollution.

 

UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said that "for the first time in history, more than one billion people are hungry."

The secretary-general made the statement in his message to the World Food Day, which fails on Friday. The World Food Day is celebrated on Oct. 16 annually, and the theme this year is "Achieving food security in times of crisis."

In his message, the secretary-general attributed the increase of hungry population world-wide to volatile (易变的) food prices, economic crisis, climate change and, conflict over the past two years.

Ban described food and nutritional security as "the foundations of a decent (正常的) life," saying that "the challenges of food security demand multilateral commitment (承诺), creativity and leadership."

"We must invest in food production and distribution (分配) ," he said. "Last year, I set up a. High-Level Task Force on the Global Food Crisis. Its Comprehensive (全方位的) Frame-work for Action outlines a strategy to provide safety nets and assistance for smallholder farmers and to support longer-term agricultural productivity and resilience, social protection schemes (方案), market access and fair trade. "

"The challenges of food security demand unilateral commitment, creativity and leadership. At this time of crisis, I encourage all nations to pursue coordinated (配合) and comprehensive strategies for agricultural development and effective social protection so that vulnerable people -- women and children in particular -- can get the food they need for nutritional security and well-being," he said.

60. Which day is the World Food Day?

A. On Oct. 16.         B. On Oct. 17.         C. On Oct. 15.         D. On Oct. 11.

61. How many reasons led to the increase, of hungry population worldwide according to the passage?

A. 3.                 B.5.                  C.2.                  D.4.

62. What does the challenges of food security demand?

A. Multilateral commitment and leadership.

B. Volatile food prices, economic Crisis and climate change.

C. Multilateral commitment, creativity and leadership.

D. Coordinated and comprehensive strategies.

63. What is the theme of the World Food Day this year?

A. Fight Hunger to Reduce Poverty.                   B. Achieving food security in times of crisis.

C. Women Feed the World.                   D. Water: Source of Food Security.

On Oct. 15 China launched its Shenzhou V, __________ spacecraft successfully.

A. manned　　    B. man　　　　　　 C. man's　　　　　　  D. men's