Summers’ “intrinsic（本身的）difference” theory is biased（偏见）against women. He can’t be president because he has lost the support of many female, and male students.

       Summers should have realized the theory was controversial before he opened his mouth. As the leader of perhaps the world’s foremost research university, he should have known his opinions carry weight . If he didn’t realize that ,how could he be a leader of so many elites（精英）?

       Judging from what Summers has done over the past five years, he works like a CEO. But university presidents are not corporate CEOs. A CEO has the authority to implement a new agenda by ordering subordinates around-and firing those who resist .But in a university, bold vision is not enough .You have to build consensus（共识）. Obviously Summers didn’t achieve that.

       The turbulent five years reign of Harvard President Lawrence H. Summers was brought to a close last week when he said he would resign in three months.

       He embattled president was pressured in resignation, after controversy began last January.

       Lawrence angered many after stating at an academic conference that “intrinsic difference” between men and women might help explain why fewer women than men reach top-level careers in math and science. Amid international attention, he was accused of discrimination against women.

       However ,Summers also served Harvard with extraordinary vision and vitality（活力）. He increased access to a Harvard with education with financial aid, boosted science programs ,and diversified the school’s faculty.

       The controversy is: Should Summers-a person with bold and sometimes offensive opinions, who at the same time brings something good to Harvard-be fined?

1．In Summers’ opinion,         .

       A．women are better than men in math and science

       B．women are equal to men in math and science

       C．fewer women are equal to men in math and science

       D．women and men are both good in math and science

2．From the passage, we can infer that         .

       A．a university president and a CEO have the same authority

       B．a university president should have bold vision and the same opinions with others

       C．a university president can fire anyone who resists

       D．a university president can order his or her subordinates to carry out a new agenda

3．Which of the following words can replace “turbulent” ?

       A．confusing            B．easy                C．peaceful                D．confused

4．Which of the following statements is NOT true?

       A．Harvard’s President will Step Down

       B．Harvard’s President Is Like A CEO

       C．Summers Discriminates against Women

       D．Summers ,Harvard President with energy and enthusiasm

H阅读理解

　　In 1896,17-year-old Einstein went to Zurich to study physics. There he met a girl from Hungaria. They studied in the same class and the same interest in physics brought the two together and they became good friends. Before long, they fell in love with each other. In 1903, when Einstein was 24, he married Marits, who was 4 years older than he.

　　After their marriage, Einstein devoted himself to the research of the great theory. To give her husband more help, Marits gave up her own work, and became a good wife and assistant. She tried her best to encourage him whenever possible. she was sure that her husband would succeed. They often discussed the theory while walking outside or sitting together in the room. They even did that in their letters when one of them was away from home.

　　In 1914, the Einsteins moved to Berlin and settled down there. At that time, Einstein's theory proved to be correct and he had became famous all over the world. Marits was very proud of her husband with his success. But it was not long before the First World War broke out. Marits as well as her two sons, who were on holidays in Switzerland, couldn't come back to Berlin any longer. The war not only stopped Einstein's work but also broke up the warm, happy family. In 1919, Einstein and Marits had to get divorced. (离婚)

(1) Why did Einstein and Marits get divorced?

[　　]

A．They didn't love each other any longer.

B．Einstein only cared about his research.

C．The war stopped Marits from coming back to Einstein.

D．The passage doesn't tell us the reason.

(2) We can learn from the passage that Marits ________.

[　　]

A．greatly helped Einstein in the research

B．was the real discoverer of the theory

C．did little to help Einstein with his theory

D．supported Einstein but helped him little

(3) The author of this passage intended to tell us that ________.

[　　]

A．Einstein suffered a great deal in his life.

B．the bitter suffering was the mother of success.

C．Marits should be respected as greatly as Einstein.

D．We should remember Marits when talking about the theory.

(4) What do we know about Marits from this passage? ________.

[　　]

A．She was an outstanding woman.

B．She was a great scientist.

C．She lost too much for her husband.

D．She loved the theory more than her husband.

(5) The passage mainly tells us ________.

[　　]

A．the connection of Marits with the famous Theory of Relativity.

B．the friendship and cooperation (合作) between Marits and Einstein.

C．the contribution that Einstein and Marits made to the science.

D．the reason why Albert Einstein could become so famous.

The city can seem a cold, mean place. In the middle of so many people hurrying about their own business, a person can feel alone among the millions of others.

    There is a popular view that in cities, strangers are less likely to help an elderly person cross a street or call the police when they see a bike being stolen. Recently, a New Yorker named Casey Neistat did an experiment. He chained up his bike in several public places, then "stole" it in a number of obvious ways, such as using a hacksaw (钢锯). He filmed everything to see whether other New Yorkers would try to stop a shameless bike theft. The result? People just walked on by.

    Is this evidence of an immoral, selfish urban society? Not necessarily. According to another recent study, the way city people mind their own business is about other factors besides morality (道德).

This is called the Bystander Effect, the theory that city people do not react because of the urban enviromnent they live in.

Psychologist Dr. Harold explained why people did not involve themselves in Neistat's bike theft experiment with the Bystander Effect.

    First, people who live in cities are surrounded by so much activity that they stop noticing what is going on around them. Second, they are less easy to surprise and assume every activity has a logical explanation.

    "The third is that people notice it, but they don't know what to do," he continued. "And the fourth is fear — they know they should do something, but they're afraid to challenge someone with a hacksaw."

A lack of concern is only a small reason why people don't take action, concludes Dr. Harold.

     Despite the results of Neistat's experiment, there is also evidence of a sense of team spirit that connects people in cities. All it takes is a funny joke or a shared interest to start a conversation with someone at a bus stop. When city folk are in trouble, they come together for support — famously in New York on September 11, 2001.

City society is different, but that doesn't mean it's cold or mean — it just means it's busy!

1.Casey Neistat fihned everything in the experiment with the purpose of        .

    A. proving that he was not the thief

    B. telling people that bike theft was immoral

    C. finding out who had a sense of right and wrong

    D. making his experiment well-known to the public

2.We can infer from the third paragraph that morality       .

    A. can partly explain a selfish urban society

    B. is what our society should pay special attention to

    C. is the only factor that leads to a selfish urban society

    D. is the root of the Bystander Effect mentioned in the passage

3.The underlined part September 11, 2001 in Paragraph 9 serves as       .

    A. a reminder of the sad memories

    B. a way to prove Dr Harold's Bystander effect

    C. evidence that city life can be really dangerous

    D. an example to show team spirit connecting city people

4.As can be inferred from the passage, the writer probably       .

    A. criticizes the loss of morality in urban society

    B. feels sad about the result of Neistat's experiment

    C. thinks city people are too busy to care about others

D. disagrees that city life sometimes can be cold and mean

 

 

The experiment, _____ to test the theory, will be carried out tomorrow.

    A. intending      B. intended       C. to intend     D, having intended

 

In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror or the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun's rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.

　　 According to a weather expert' s prediction, the atmosphere will be 3℃ warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere (北半球), possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth's chief food growing zones.

　　  In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming, in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.

　　  Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.

　　  However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude , therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have gone beyond those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?

　　  One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and "cold" spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates (使旋转), every 27. 5 days, it presents hotter or "colder" faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth's atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also changeable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.

　　  Scientists are now finding shared relations between models of solar weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia (惯性) of the earth's climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful opposed balance to the sun's fading heat .

66. It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would_________.

   A. mean a warming-up in the Antarctic

   B. raise the temperature of the earth' s surface

C. prevent the sun's rays from reaching the earth's surface

D. explain the cause of  great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere

67.The article was written to explain ___________. 

A. the greenhouse effect

B. the solar effects on the earth

C. the causes affecting weather

D. the models of solar-weather interactions

68. Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there　seem to be falling. This is__________.

 A. mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising

 B. partly due to changes in the output of solar energy

C. possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting

D. only due to the effect of the inertia of the earth' s climate

69. On the basis of their models, scientists believe the opinion that__________.

A. the climate of the world should be becoming cooler

B. the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect

C. the man-made warming effect helps to increase the solar effects

D. it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth's climate to take effect

70. If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice age is correct, ____________.

A. ice would soon cover the northern hemisphere

B. the greenhouse effect could work in favor of the earth

C. the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuels

D. the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could warm up the earth even more quickly