Wilderness
“In wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.  
As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr.Sauven, these ”ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.
Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.
I look forwards to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.
This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.
【小题1】John Sauven holds that_____.

A．	B．
C．	D．

As the big weekend approaches, my feelings about you and your marriage are personal and it's more   36   to me that you realize how much I love you and how   37   I am of the amazing woman you have become.

My memory for details is terrible,   38   my memory for how   39   you were as a child is vivid. I loved tossing (轻扔) you   40   in the air in the pool in Marine, and reading   41   books on the floor of the Denver book store with you on my knees.  

When I think of you as an adult, it is your   42   that has led you to your vegetarian lifestyle. It is your heart that helps you care for family and friends   43  . For these   44   I have selected three hearts that are this dad's gift to his   45   to marry daughter.

One heart is a small golden box with a   46   of you and me together. It will   47   you that of the men in your life I loved you   48   and will always love you forever and ever.

The second heart is made of jade (玉) and has the Chinese character "Fu". Jade represents luck and "Fu" means   49  . Maria and I want your life to be filled with   50  .

The third heart is just pretty and represents your   51  , inside and   52   kind. You are a wonderful, loving   53   from God, a beautiful human being. So we are delighted that you are entering this exciting part of your life.

Finally, the wedding (婚姻) will be amazing. I can't wait to see you walk down in your beautiful dress. And I can't wait to dance with you in   54  . My hope is that the event and the whole weekend will bring   55   memories.

This from your devoted and proud...Dad

1.A. important      B. difficult            C. surprising           D. appropriate

2.A. pride          B. proud                C. afraid               D. aware

3. A. and           B  so               C. but              D. otherwise

4.A. troublesome        B. precious         C. little               D. hardly

5. A. hard          B. deep             C. high             D. carelessly

6.A. philosophy     B. scientific           C. maths                D. kids

7.A. mind           B. virtue               C. character            D. heart

8.A. in need            B. in short         C. in detail            D. in danger

9.A. purposes       B. people               C. reasons          D. occasions

10.A. never         B. ever             C. soon             D. fortunately

11. A. diary            B. picture              C. book             D. ring

12.A. inform            B. equip                C. remind               D. mind

13.A. first         B. last             C. more             D. least

14.A. wealth            B. power                C. beauty               D. happiness

15.A. it                B. both             C. all              D. that

16.A. behavior      B. shape                C. beauty               D. body 

17.A. deep          B. furthest         C. out              D. top

18.A. human         B. gift             C. message          D. punishment

19.A. celebration       B. festival         C. holiday          D. agreement

20.A. short         B. lasting              C. old              D. strange

B
At 3,500 metres, La Paz, Bolivia, is the highest capital in the world．Many roads are in bad condition and accidents are frequent．One road in particular, is considered the most dangerous in the world．On one side there is a sudden drop, which is so great that anyone inside the vehicle is lucky to survive．
But thanks to one man, the death toll （人数） has fallen．Timoteo Apaza is a man who lives in a village near the most dangerous part of the road, known as "the Devil's Bend"．Timoteo has an unusual job — he is a human traffic signal．Every morning he stands on the bend and directs the traffic．When two vehicles approach from opposite directions, they can't see each other, but they can see Timoteo．Actually no one pays him to do the job．Sometimes drivers give him a tip so that he has just enough money to live on．But often they just pass by, taking the human traffic signal for granted．
So why does he do it? Before Timoteo volunteered to direct the traffic, he had been a driver．Then one day he was driving a lorry load of bananas when he came off the road at a bend and fell three hundred metres down the mountain．Somehow he survived, but was in hospital for months．Then, a few years later, he was called out in the night to help pull people out of a bus crashed at the Devil's Bend．This last experience had a profound effect on Timoteo．He realized that he was lucky to be alive himself, and felt that it was his mission in life to help others．So every morning, week in, week out, from dawn to dusk, Timoteo takes up his place on the bend．
60．Where does Timoteo work?                                                    
A．In a small mountainous village．   B．At the busiest part of a road．              
C．On a farm growing bananas．      D．At the side of a dangerous road．
61．The road is so dangerous mainly because ______．                              
A．it is steep and in bad condition        B．it is high up in the mountain                
C．there is heavy traffic                D．it is often very foggy
62．What does Timoteo get for his job?                                              
A．No payment at all．
B．A small salary from the government．              
C．A small amount of money from some drivers．
D．An award from the local people．
63．Why does Timeteo voluntarily direct the traffic?                                    
A．He loves to be a traffic policeman．     
B．He feels it his duty to help the drivers．
C．He isn't qualified to do anything else． 
D．He can't drive the lorry any more．

The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat.
Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures.
That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realized that nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives, caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful.
The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and living animals, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.
68. What is the best possible title of the passage?
A) Drug and Food
B) Cancer and Health
C) Food and Health
D) Health and Drug
69. Which of the following statements is NOT ture?
A) Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasons
B) Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animals
C) Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for over thirty-five years.
D) Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world.
D) The scientists have preserved the color of meats, but not of vegetables.
70. What are nitrates used for?
A) They preserve flavor in packaged foods.
B) They preserve the color of meats.
C) They are the objects of research.
D) They cause the animals to become fatter.
71. The underlined word “carcinogenic” most nearly means '_____'.
A) trouble-making
B) color-retaining
C) money-making
D) cancer-causing

“In wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.  
As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr. Sauven, these “ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.
Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.
I look forward to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.
This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.
【小题1】John Sauven holds that________________.

A．

B．

C．

D．