Children have their own rules in playing games.They seldom(很少)need a referee(裁判)and rarely trouble to keep scores.They don’t care much about who wins or loses，and it doesn’t seem to worry them if the game is not finished.Yet，they like games that depend a lot on luck，so that their personal abilities can not be directly compared.They also enjoy games that move in stages，in which each stage，the choosing of leaders，the picking?up of sides, or the determining of which side shall start，is almost a game in itself.

Grown?ups can hardly find children’s games exciting，and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple games again and again.However，it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons.He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person，and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinarily afraid.He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn.He can be confident，too，in particular games，that it is his place to give orders，to pretend to be dead，to throw a ball actually at someone，or to kiss someone he has caught.

It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their control.Everyone knows the rules，and more importantly，everyone plays according to the rules.Those rules may be childish，but they make sure that every child has a chance to win.

1．What is TRUE about children when they play games?

A．They can stop playing any time they like.　　 B．They can test their personal abilities.

C．They want to pick a better team.　　　　　　 D．They don’t need rules.

2．To become a leader in a game the child has to ______.

A．play well　　　　　　　　　　 　　　B．wait for his turn

C．be confident in himself　　　　　　 D．be popular among his playmates

3．What do we know about grown?ups?

A．They are not interested in games.

B．They find children’s games too easy.

C．They don’t need a reason to play games.

D．They don’t understand children’s games.

4．Why does a child like playing games?

A．Because he can be someone than himself.

B．Because he can become popular among friends.

C．Because he finds he is always lucky in games.

D．Because he likes the place where he plays a game.

5．The writer believes that ______.

A．children should make better rules for their games

B．children should invite grown?ups to play with them

C．children’s games can do them a lot of good

D．children play games without reasons

 

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

When I was a boy, every holiday that I had seemed wonderful. My   36   took me by train or by car to a hotel by the   37  . All day, I seem to remember, I  38 on the sands with strange   39  children. We made houses and gardens, and   40  the tide (潮汐) destroy them. When the tide went out, we   41  over the rocks and looked down at the fish in the rock-pools.

    In those days the   42  seemed to shine always brightly   43   the water was always warm. Sometimes we left the beach and walked in the country,   44   ruined houses and dark woods and climbing trees. There were  45  in one's pockets or good places where one could   46   ice-creams. Each day seemed a life-time. 

    Although I am now thirty-five years old, my idea of a good   47   is much the same as it was. I   48  like the sun and warm sand and the sound of _ 49   beating the rocks. I no longer wish to   50   any sand house or sand garden, and I dislike sweets.   51  , I love the sea and often feel sand running through my fingers.

    Sometimes I   52   what my ideal (理想的) holiday will be like when I am   53   . All I want to do then, perhaps, will be to lie in bed, reading books about   54  who make houses and gardens with sands, who watch the incoming tide, who make  55  sick on too many ices...

A. teacher           B. parents                     C. nurse                       D. doctor

A. sea           B. lake                  C. mountain           D. forest

A. played           B. slept                   C. sat                 D. stood

A. moved          B. excited                 C. worried           D. nervous

A. made         B. brought                C. watched                     D. heard

A. rolled         B. jumped                 C. turned            D. climbed

A. light            B. sun                C. moon             D. lamp

A. and              B. yet                C. but                 D. or

A. exploring       B. examining          C. repairing           D. measuring

A. sweets      B. sand                   C. ice-creams                   D. money

A. make         B. sell                 C. buy                 D. offer

A. house         B. holiday             C. garden                 D. tide

A. hardly       B. almost               C. still                   D. perhaps

A. waves          B. water                       C. hands                 D. birds

A. destroy       B. fix                    C. use                     D. build

A. But          B. However                C. Or                    D. Yet

A. wonder       B. feel                    C. understand             D. believe

A. strong        B. weak                  C. young                D. old

A. children      B. boys               C. girls                   D. grown-ups

A. herself        B. himself              C. itself                D. themselves

Perhaps the most famous theory, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Ray Birdwhistell. He believes that physical appearance is often culturally programmed. In other words, we learn our looks—we are not born with them. A baby has generally informed face features. A baby, according to Birdwhistell, learns where to set the eyebrows by looking at those around-family and friends. This helps explain why the people of some areas of the United States look so much alike, new Englanders or Southerners have certain common face features that cannot be explained by genetics(遗传学). The exact shape of the mouth is not set at birth, it is learned after. In fact, the final mouth shape is not formed until well after new teeth are set. For many, this can be well into grown-ups. A husband and wife together for a long time often come to look alike. We learn our looks from those around us. This is perhaps why in a single country area where people smile more than those in other areas. In the United States, for example, the South is the part of the country where the people smile most frequently. In New England they smile less, and in the western part of New York State still less. Many southerners find cities such as New York cold and unfriendly, partly because people on Madison Avenue smile less than people on Peachtree Street in Atlanta. Georgia. People in Atlanta, Georgia. People in largely populated areas also smile and greet each other in public less than people in small towns do.

Ray Birdwhistell believes that physical appearance ____.

There are about fifteen hundred languages in the world. But   36  a few of them are very   37  .English is one of these. Many, many people use it, not only in England and the U.S.A., but in other parts of the world. About 200,000,000 speak it as their own language. It is difficult to say how many people are learning it as a  38  language. Many millions are   39   to do so. Is it easy or difficult to learn English? Different people may have different    40   Have you ever   41   ads of this kind in the newspapers or magazines? "Learn English in six weeks, or your   42   back..." "Easy and funny! Our records and tapes   43   you master your English in a month.   44   the first day your   45   will be excellent. Just send …"Of course, it never    46   quite like this.

    The only language that seems easy to learn is the mother tongue. We should   47   that we all learned our own language well when we were    48  . If we could learn English in the same way, it would not seem so difficult.   49    what a small child does. He listens to what people say. He tries what he hears. When he is using the language, talking in it,   50  in it all the time. Just imagine how much   51   that gets!

    So it is  52  to say that learning English is easy, because a good command of English   53  upon a lot of practice. And practice needs great effort and   54   much time. Good teachers, records, tapes, books, and dictionaries will   55  . But they cannot do the student's work for him.（词数278）

A. not           B. quite          C. only            D. very

A. difficult     B. important    C. necessary     D. easy

A. native        B. foreign       C. useful          D. mother

A. learning     B. enjoying      C. trying         D. liking

A. questions    B. problems     C. ideas          D. answers

A. found         B. watched      C. noticed       D. known

A. knowledge   B. time          C. money         D. English

A. make         B. help           C. let             D. allow

A. From         B. On            C. Since           D. After

A. spelling     B. grammar     C. English        D. pronunciation

A. happened    B. looked        C. seemed        D. felt

A. know        B. remember     C. understand    D. think

A. students     B. children       C. babies        D. grown-ups

A. Imagine      B. Mind          C. Do             D. Think of

A. using        B. thinking       C. trying        D. practicing

A. time         B. money          C. language      D. practice

A. hard         B. easy            C. funny          D. silly

A. depends     B. tries           C. has              D. takes

A. uses         B. takes          C. gets             D. costs

A. do            B. work           C. help             D. master

Perhaps the most famous theory, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Ray Birdwhistell. He believes that physical appearance is often culturally programmed. In other words, we learn our looks—we are not born with them. A baby has generally informed face features. A baby, according to Birdwhistell, learns where to set the eyebrows by looking at those around-family and friends. This helps explain why the people of some areas of the United States look so much alike, new Englanders or Southerners have certain common face features that cannot be explained by genetics(遗传学). The exact shape of the mouth is not set at birth, it is learned after. In fact, the final mouth shape is not formed until well after new teeth are set. For many, this can be well into grown-ups. A husband and wife together for a long time often come to look alike. We learn our looks from those around us. This is perhaps why in a single country area where people smile more than those in other areas. In the United States, for example, the South is the part of the country where the people smile most frequently. In New England they smile less, and in the western part of New York State still less. Many southerners find cities such as New York cold and unfriendly, partly because people on Madison Avenue smile less than people on Peachtree Street in Atlanta. Georgia. People in Atlanta, Georgia. People in largely populated areas also smile and greet each other in public less than people in small towns do.
【小题1】 Ray Birdwhistell believes that physical appearance ____.

A．has little to do with culture	B．has much to do with culture
C．is ever changing	D．is different from place to place

【小题2】According to the passage, the final mouth shape is formed ___.

A．before birth	B．as soon as one’s teeth are newly set
C．sometime after new teeth are set	D．around 15 years old

【小题3】 Ray Birdwhistell can tell what area of the United States a person is from by ___.

A．how much he or she laughs	B．how he or she raises his or her eyebrows
C．what he or she likes best	D．the way he or she talks

【小题4】 This passage might have been taken out of a book dealing with ___.

A．physics

B．chemistry

C．biology

D．none of the above