Passage Nine(Holmes’ Knowledge)

His ignorance was as remarkable as his knowledge. Of contemporary literature, philosophy and politics he appeared to know next to nothing. Upon my quoting Thomas Carlyle, he inquired in the naivest way who he might be and what he had done. My surprise reached a climax, however, when I found incidentally that he was ignorant of the Copernican Theory and of the composition of the Solar system.

  “You appear to be astonished, ” Holmes said, smiling at my expression. “Now that I do know it I shall do my best to forget it. You see, I consider that a man’s brain originally is like a little empty attic, and you have to stock it with such furniture as you choose: A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has difficulty in laying his hand upon it. It is a mistake to think that the little room has elastic walls and can distend to any extent. Depend upon it, there comes a time when for every addition of knowledge you forget something that you know before. It is of the highest importance, therefore, not to have useless facts elbowing out the useful ones.”

  “But the Solar System! ” I protested.

  “What the deuce is it to me?” he interrupted impatiently.

  One morning, I picked up a magazine from the table and attempted to while away the time with it, while my companion munched silently at his toast. One of the articles had a pencil mark at the heading, and I naturally began to run my eye through it.

  Its somewhat ambitious title was “The Book of Life, ” and it attempted to show how much an observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way. It struck me as being a remarkable mixture of shrewdness and of absurdity. The reasoning was close and intense, but the deduction appeared to me to be far-fetched and exaggerated. The writer claimed by a momentary expression, a twitch of a muscle or a glance of an eye, to fathom a man’s inmost thought. Deceit, according to him, was impossibility in the case of one trained to observation and analysis. His conclusions were as infallible as so many propositions of Euclid. So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned the processes by which he had arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer.

  “From a drop of water, ”said the writer, “a logician could infer the possibility of an Atlantic. So all life is a great chain, the nature of which is known whenever we are shown a single link of it. Like all other arts, the science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired by long and patient study, nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it. ”

  This smartly written piece of theory I could not accept until a succession of evidences justified it.

1.What is the author’s attitude toward Holmes?

[A]Praising.        B.Critical.            [C]Ironical.             [D]Distaste.

2.What way did the author take to stick out Holmes’ uniqueness?

[A]By deduction.       B.By explanation.         [C]By contrast.          [D]By analysis.

3.What was the Holmes’ idea about knowledge-learning?

[A]Learning what every body learned.

B.Learning what was useful to you.

[C]Learning whatever you came across.

[D]Learning what was different to you.

4.What did the article mentioned in the passage talk about?

[A]One may master the way of reasoning through observation.

B.One may become rather critical through observation and analysis.

[C]One may become rather sharp through observation and analysis.

[D]One may become practical through observation and analysis.

完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分,满分30分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55题各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

He was 11 years old and went fishing every chance he got from the dock at his family’s cabin on an island in the middle of a New Hampshire lake. On the day __36__ the bass (鲈鱼) season opened, he and his father were fishing early in the evening, __37__ sunfish with worms. Then he tied on a small lure (鱼饵) and practiced casting. When his pole __38__, he knew something huge was __39__. His father watched __40__ as the boy skilfully worked the fish alongside the dock. Finally, he very carefully lifted the __41__ fish from the water. It was the largest one he had ever seen, __42__ it was a bass. It was 10 P.M.-- two hours before the season opened. The father looked at the fish, then at the boy.

“You’ll have to __43__, son,” he said.

“Dad!” cried the boy.

“There will be other fish,” said his father.

“Not as big as this one,” cried the boy.

__44__ no one had seen them, nor could anyone ever know what time he caught the fish, the boy could __45__ by his father’s firm voice that the decision was __46__. He slowly worked the hook out of the lip of the huge bass and lowered it into __47__. The creature moved its powerful body and __48__. The boy thought that he would never again see such a great fish.

That was 34 years ago. Today, the boy is a successful architect in New York City. And he was __49__. He has never again caught such a magnificent fish as the one he __50__ that night long ago. But he does see __51__ fish again and again every time he comes up against a question of principles. As his father taught him, principles are simple matters of right and wrong. It is only the practice of principles__52__ difficult. Do we __53__ when no one is looking? 

We would if we __54__ to put the fish back when we were young. For we would have learned the truth. The decision to do right lives __55__ in our memory. It is a story we will proudly tell our friends and grandchildren.

36．A．until  B．when       C．after  D．before

37．A．providing        B．catching   C．feeding    D．supplying

38．A．bent over  B．came up   C．turned over     D．broke down

39．A．on the other end     B．on the other hand C．on one hand  D．at the either side

40．A．with anxiety    B．in surprise C．with admiration      D．for fear

41．A．delighted        B．frustrated  C．frightened       D．exhausted

42．A．and   B．but   C．however   D．yet

43．A．bring it home B．put it aside      C．put it back       D．pick it up

44．A．Even though  B．Now that        C．Ever since       D．In case

45．A．tell   B．say   C．speak D．talk

46．A．passed     B．changed    C．fixed D．refused

47．A．the wide container B．the broad sea

       C．the black water        D．the small river

48．A．fled B．disappeared     C．floated    D．swam

49．A．wrong      B．right        C．satisfactory      D．pleased

50．A．landed      B．saw C．cast   D．threw

51．A．a different       B．many big  C．even bigger      D．the same

52．A．which is   B．it is C．that is      D．this is

53．A．do wrong        B．do right   C．do harm   D．do good

54．A．were taught     B．told C．were let   D．ordered

55．A．freshly     B．fresh       C．clearly     D．strongly

The German shepherd runs off and noses around in the grass of Kenya’s Laikipia Plateau． “OK, Oakley,” the dog’s handler orders, “Find it!”

Oakley sniffs （嗅） until he comes to a bush, then stops, sits, and looks up at his handler． She bends to see what he has found: the waste of an endangered African wild dog． “Good dog!” she praises． The handler pulls a tennis ball from her pocket． Oakley jumps for his reward．

“He doesn’t actually want the waste,” says Aimee Hurt, a founding member of the U．S．-based group Working Dogs for Conservation． Hurt is in Kenya to train both Oakley and his handler． “He finds it so he can play with his ball． We’re the ones who want the waste．”

Detection dogs are sometimes taught to locate actual animals． Black-footed ferrets （雪貂） have been studied with their help． But more often the dogs learn to locate the waste of creatures such as bears, wolves and mountain lions．

What the dogs find provides scientists with data about a species． Scientists can use the DNA collected from animal waste to identify individuals, sex, and population sizes — all without ever seeing the animal itself． “It can take years to gather this kind of information if you have to trap animals,” Hurt explains．

Waste analysis might make a huge difference when wild species are accused of attacking domestic livestock （家畜）． Hurt says, “A good detection dog will find the waste so we can see what the animal is actually eating．” This may help reduce problems between people and wildlife．

The underlined word “She” in Paragraph 2 refers to  “_____”．

    A． the German shepherd                B． an African wild dog

    C． Aimee Hurt                        D． the handler

Oakley is interested in finding the waste because _____．

    A． he wants to study endangered animals

    B． he can get a tennis ball to play with

    C． he wants to eat it   

    D． he wants to play with it

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

    A． Trapping animals is not difficult．

    B． People are making efforts to protect the environment．

    C． Detection dogs attack domestic livestock frequently．

    D． Collecting animal waste is a good way to gather information．

What is the main idea of the passage?

    A． Detection dogs can help scientists study wildlife．

    B． Detection dogs can defend wildlife．

    C． Detection dogs can help the police catch the criminals．

    D． Detection dogs can help local people defend domestic livestock．

Foods from Around the World

Foods that are well known to you may not be familiar to people from other countries. Here are four people’s experiences with foreign food.

Shao Wong is a student in France. He comes from China. “I’d never tasted cheese or even milk before I came here. Cattle are rare in my part of China, so there are no dairy products. I tried milk when I first arrived in France. I hated it! I sampled cheese too, but couldn’t manage more than one bite. I love ice cream, though, and that’s made from milk.”

Birgit is from Sweden. She traveled to Australia on vacation. “I was in a restaurant that specialized in fish, and I heard some other customers order flake. So I ordered some too and it was delicious. Later, I found out that flake is an Australian term for shark. After that pleasant experience, whenever I see a new food I try it out on purpose. You know why? I remember how much I enjoyed flake.”

Chandra is a dentist in Texas. She originates from India. “I’m frightened of eating new foods because they might be made from beef. I’m a Hindu, and my religion forbids me to eat meat from the cow. It’s a sacred animal to Hindus, so that’s the reason I can’t eat hamburgers or spaghetti with meatballs.”

Nathan is American. He taught for a year in China. “My friends gave me some 100-year-old eggs to eat. I didn’t like the look of them at all. The insides were green, but my friends said the color was normal. The Chinese put chemicals on fresh eggs. Then they bury them in the earth for three months. So the eggs weren’t really very old. Even so, I absolutely refused to touch them.”

Life in a new country can be scary, but it also can be fun. Would you sample a 100-year-old egg? Would you order shark in a restaurant?

56. Which of the following sentences is true about Shao Wong?

A. He is a French – Chinese.

B. Cattle are seldom raised in his hometown.

C. He doesn’t like any diary products.

D. He didn’t taste cheese because he hated it.

57. What kind of girl is Birgit?

A. Religious.     B. Brave. C. Confident.   D. Open- minded.

58. Chandra is frightened of eating food made from beef, because _________.

A. It’s against Hindus’ religion.

B. She is a doctor and she thinks beef is not easy to chew and digest.

C. She is an Indian.

D. Hindus think beef is not tasty.

59. The underlined word “Sacred” in paragraph 4 means _________.

A. frightening  B. large    C. man – eating        D.greatly respected

60. What can you infer from this passage?

A. Foods that are well known to you may not be familiar to people from other countries.

B. Despite (虽然) cultural differences in food, have a try and maybe you’ll get used to it.

C. A vacation is a good way to learn about new foods. Be sure to go on vacation more   often.

D. People dislike eating new foods only because their religion forbids it.

 

完形填空（20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

    阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

    Everywhere, you will find "the white-haired boy", sometimes called "the fair-haired" boy．He gets special   36   , as if he were above everybody else．You will find him in school, in college, at home, or   37   you work．

    In school, he is teacher's   38   , her favorite who can do nothing   39  ．Sometimes she lets him do little jobs for her．He comes to class in the morning, all shiny and clean．" He is always raising his hand,   40   with answers to the teacher' s questions．And he knows all the answers．

    He gets into your hair, especially if you are at the  41   of the class and die teacher thinks you are slow at learning things．How you   42   the guy!

    At college, he walks across the school ground as if he  43   it．Sometimes he wears a, colorful football or basketball shirt or sweater, with a bright red, or green or yellow college letter   44  worn on the front of it．What   45   shoulders, what muscles he has! He   46   the girls happy by just smiling at them．He has the mark of _47_ on him．   

    At home, "the fair-haired boy" is  48   choice．Sometimes, he is the oldest son—  49  , the youngest．If you are in between, you are out of  50   ．

    Then, you discover that there are others who   51   your feelings, ready to tell you their private   52  ．One of them asks, "What does he have that I haven't got?" You ask yourself the same question．

      53  , there comes a day when you decide to stop hating him. Is it  54  because he has been made boss and you  55   yourself working for him?

A．treatment   B．belief   C．courage  D．encouragement

A．somewhere   B．anywhere C．where    D．everywhere

A．pet B．friend   C．workmate D．child

A．correct B．wrong    C．special  D．difficult

A．curious B．willing  C．interested   D．ready

A．front   B．top  C．bottom   D．point

A．hated   B．envy C．admire   D．like

A．brought B．won  C．owned    D．gained

A．freely  B．quickly  C．delightedly  D．proudly

A．great   B．broad    C．manned   D．bright

A．makes   B．les  C．takes    D．keep

A．success B．challenge    C．faith    D．innocence

A．Father’s   B．Mother’s    C．Sister’s    D．Grandma’s

A．seldom  B．never    C．usually  D．at times

A．pity    B．luck C．shame    D．sight

A．understand  B．realize  C．share    D．reach

A．opinions    B．suggestions  C．expressions  D．thoughts

A．Gradually   B．Finally  C．Surprisingly D．Actually

A．certain     B．true C．perhaps  D．possible

A．see B．know C．notice   D．find