阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36至50各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中,选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
People who are cheerful and relaxed are less likely to suffer from colds．It's   36  that being full of vim（活力） and vigor（精力） helps the body   37  illnesses, say the researchers from Carnegie Mellon University（CMU） in Pittsburgh．
"We need to take more seriously the possibility that a   38  emotional style is a fighter player in disease risk," says psychologist Sheldon Cohen, the study's lead researcher．
In a previous study, Cohen and his colleagues found that people who   39  to be cheerful and lively were   40  likely to develop sniffles, coughs, and other cold symptoms （症状）．
Those findings were interesting, but they didn't prove that a person's   41  affects whether he or she gets sick． 42  it was still possible that a person's underlying personality is   43  matters．
  44  suggests, for instance, that certain people are naturally more likely to be outgoing（外向的）and   45 , with high self-respect and a sense of  46  over life．This would mean that who we are, not how we feel, finally decides our   47  of catching colds．
To figure out which mattered more （personality or   48 ）, the CMU team   49  193 healthy adults．The researchers talked to each person over the phone every evening for 2 weeks．They told the researchers about the positive and negative   50  they had experienced that day．
The results showed that everyone in the study was   51  likely to get infected．Their symptoms（征兆）, however,   52  depending on the types of emotions that they had reported over the   53  2 weeks．
Scientists   54  about whether negative emotions or positive emotions have a stronger  55  on how healthy we are．For now, it can't hurt to look on the bright side more often than not!

Us, night's meteor (流星) shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers. According to Gabe Rothschild. Emerald Valley's mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city's lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.

"My family was so frustrated." admitted town resident Daune Cosby.” We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.”

Astronomers—scientists who study stars and planets—have been complaining about this problem for decade, They say that light pollution prevents from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past. They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.

There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. This population consist of birds, bats, frogs, snakes, etc. For example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating(迁徙的) birds. According to the International Dark-Sky Association, “100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”

Countless more animal casualties(伤亡) result from the use of artificial lighting. Clearly, people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful to humans, too. They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person's chances of getting cancer.

Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution. For years. Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory. Similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.

41. It happened last night that ______.

A. the city's lights affected the meteor watching

B. the meteors flew past before being noticed

C. the city light show attracted many people

D. the meteor watching ended up a social outing

42. What do the astronomers complain about?

A. Meteor showers occur less often than before.

B. Their observation equipment is in poor repair.

C. Light pollution has remained unsolved for years.

D. Their eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting

43. What is the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4?

A. Birds may take other migration paths.

B. Animals' living habits may change suddenly.

C. Varieties of animals will become sharply reduced.

D. Animals' survival is threatened by outdoor lighting.

44. Lighting regulations in Flagstaff. Arizona are put into effect to

A. lessen the chance of getting cancer

B. create an ideal observation condition

C. ensure citizens a good sleep at night

D. enable all creatures to live in harmony

45. What message does the author most want to give us?

A. Saving wildlife is saving ourselves.

B. Great efforts should be made to save energy.

C. Human activities should be environmentally friendly.

D. New equipment should be introduced for space study.

Pupils are ordered not to wade into ankle-deep water unless teachers first carry out a full risk assessment and put “proper measures in place”.

       Staff are expected to check rivers, ponds and the sea for currents and rocks before allowing children to dip their feet.

       Guidance issued to schools warns that any “impromptu (事先无准备的) water-based activities” could pose dangers to children.

       The recommendations were outlined in a document-available to all 21,000 schools in England — to help teachers organize more school trips. Advice from the Department for Children, Schools and Families is intended to cut red tape (官样文章) and give staff practical tips.

       But the guidance caused argument after teachers were presented with a series of orders surrounding swimming and the use of minibuses.

       It said: “Swimming and padding or otherwise entering the waters of river, canal, sea or lake should never be allowed as an impromptu activity. The pleas of young people to bathe — because it is hot weather, for example, should be resisted where bathing has not been prepared for.”

       “In-water activities should take place only when a proper risk assessment has been completed and proper measures put in place to control the risks.”

       Teachers are urged to check the weather, currents, weeds, rip tides, river or sea beds and breakwaters before allowing children into the water. No child should be able to swim deeper than waist height, the guidance added.

       Margaret Morrissey, from campaign group Parents Outloud, said: “Wading out into the ocean is one thing but there’s nothing wrong with padding where the waves break.”

       “Part of children’s learning is to walk along the water’s edge and get your feet wet. There are dangerous currents further out and you stay at the edge.”

       She added: “I want to see schools and youth groups taking advantage of opportunities that learning outside the classroom can provide.”

       But the Department for Children, Schools and Families said teachers had to plan activities carefully.

       “We are not banning padding,” said a spokeswoman. “We have seen cases in the past where things have not been planned and assessed for the risk. Unplanned activities around water can be dangerous.”

Guidance issued to schools in England gives the information that _________.

       A. school trips to oceans are forbidden in the country

B. school swimming pools should be surrounded with fence

C. school staff must plan water-based activities carefully

D. school children shouldn’t have a walk along river banks

Advice from the Department for Children, Schools and Families shows us that _________.

       A. they are strongly against the guidance

B. they are fond of the outline of the guidance

C. they don’t understand the aim of the guidance

D. they want the guidance to become more useful

To the guidance, Margaret Morrissey holds the opinion that _________.

       A. oceans are dangerous place for children to visit

B. young people should be encouraged to learn outside

C. children should learn padding in rough ocean alone

D. schools should stop students from walking along beaches

Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?

       A. No padding on school trips, children told.            

B. No walking along the rivers, teachers told.

C. No swimming after school, parents told.

D. No learning out of school, students told.

Susan Williams went to a boarding（寄膳宿）school. Here is one of the letters she wrote to her parents from the school.

Dear Mom and Dad，

I’m afraid I have some very bad news for you. I have been very naughty and the school headmaster is very angry with me. She is going to write to you. You must come and take me away from here. She does not want me in the school any longer.

The trouble started last night when I was smoking a cigarette in bed. This is against the rules, of course. We are not supposed to smoke at all.

As I was smoking, I heard footsteps coming towards the room. I did not want a teacher to catch me smoking, so I threw the cigarette away. Unfortunately, the cigarette fell into the waste­paper basket, which caught fire. There was a curtain near the waste­paper basket which caught fire, too. Soon the whole room was burning. The headmaster phoned for the fire department. The school is a long way from the town and by the time the firefighters arrived, the whole school was in flames. Many of the girls are in the hospital.

The headmaster says that the fire was all my fault and you must pay for the damage. She will send you a bill for about a million dollars.

I am very sorry about this.

Much love, Susan.

P. S. None of the above is true, but I have failed my exams, I just want you to know how bad things could have been！

51. In this letter Susan wanted　　　　.

A. to tell her parents about the fire

B. to ask for a million dollars

C. to tell her parents she had failed her exams

D. to tell her parents she had to leave school

52. The headmaster might be angry with Susan because　　　　.

A. she had failed her exams

B. she had been caught smoking in bed

C. she had not phoned for the fire department in time

D. it was her fault that the school had caught fire

53. Susan told her parents about the fire　　　　.

A. to warn them about what the headmaster would do

B. to make them less angry at her real news

C. to make them feel worried

D. to make them laugh

完形填空

Paul could not sleep late last night. He woke up 1 got up, then he 2 down again. He felt terrible. “I must be sick,”he thought, “ 3 I must study 4 the test.”

He got up and looked 5 his history notebook. He finally found it under 6 clothes on his chair. He 7 his notes. “What 8 I do?”he thought.

9 , Paul's telephone rang. So he put down his notebook and 10 the telephone.

“Good morning,”Jack's 11 said, “you must be wrong about the test.”

“What do you mean?”Paul asked weakly.

“We are not 12 to have a test today,”Jack said. “I wrote down the 13 in my notebook. The test will be next Wednesday; it isn't today. 14 do you feel this morning?”

“Fine,”said Paul. “Just fine!”Suddenly he 15 felt fine.

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