The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people’s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history show, hasn’t meant economic freedom.
Employment became widespread when the enclosures（圈地运动）of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by taking them away from the use of the land, and thus from the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people’s homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people traveled longer distances to their place of employment until, eventually, many people’s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.
Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm（准则）today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between sexes.
It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were kept out — a problem now, as more teenagers disappointed and annoyed at school and more retired people want to live active lives.
All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some efforts and resources away from the utopian（乌托邦）goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.
【小题1】 From the passage we can learn that ____.

A．jobs have existed since human came into being

B．the industrial age brought jobs to everyone

C．the industrial age brought the work patterns most people’s work has taken

D．in the future more and more people could get jobs as the industry is developing

【小题2】Before the enclosures of the 17^th and 18^th, people lived mainly on ____.

A．paid work

B．unpaid work

C．taxes and benefits

D．land

【小题3】Before the industrial age women played ____.

A．more important roles in making a life	B．less important roles in making a life
C．roles as weak as after in raising their children	D．roles as important as men in supporting a family

【小题4】 From the passage we can infer that ____.

A．creating jobs for all must be changed

B．enough jobs must be created by our society

C．more and more jobs are being created

D．industrial age has made many people unable to live without full-time jobs

The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people’s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history show, hasn’t meant economic freedom.

Employment became widespread when the enclosures（圈地运动）of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by taking them away from the use of the land, and thus from the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people’s homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people traveled longer distances to their place of employment until, eventually, many people’s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.

Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm（准则）today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between sexes.

It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were kept out — a problem now, as more teenagers disappointed and annoyed at school and more retired people want to live active lives.

All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some efforts and resources away from the utopian（乌托邦）goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.

From the passage we can learn that ____.

   A. jobs have existed since human came into being

   B. the industrial age brought jobs to everyone

   C. the industrial age brought the work patterns most people’s work has taken

   D. in the future more and more people could get jobs as the industry is developing

Before the enclosures of the 17^th and 18^th, people lived mainly on ____.

  A. paid work    B. unpaid work    C. taxes and benefits    D. land

Before the industrial age women played ____.

    A. more important roles in making a life            B. less important roles in making a life

    C. roles as weak as after in raising their children     D. roles as important as men in supporting a family

From the passage we can infer that ____.

A. creating jobs for all must be changed         

B. enough jobs must be created by our society

    C. more and more jobs are being created

D. industrial age has made many people unable to live without full-time jobs

A few years ago I received a postcard from a friend Jackson, who wrote, “I am skiing with abandon!” I believe he meant he was skiing skillfully, joyfully, peacefully and confidently. Although I have no hopes of ever skiing that way, I do dream of living with abandon. I believe that men and women through the ages who have led successful lives have captured these secrets of living life to the fullest.

1. Have a self you respect. This means having a deep sense of responsibility for your thoughts and actions. It means keeping your word, and being faithful to self, family and work. It means believing in what you do and working hard. It means setting your own standards, and not comparing yourself to others. It's not a question of being better than someone else; respect and integrity demand that you be better than you thought you could be.

2. Turn disappointments into strengths. Individuals who live with abandon have discovered that personal trials make them more sensitive and loving, while building character. They have learned that achievements worth remembering are stained (给...染色) with the blood of diligence and marked with the scars of disappointment.

The pages of history are filled with the heroic stories of men and women who overcame disabilities and difficulties to demonstrate victorious spirits. Raise him in extreme poverty, and you have an Abraham Lincoln. Make her blind and deaf, and you have a Helen Keller.

3. Enjoy life’s process, not just life’s rewards. We live in a goal-centered society that wants problems solved now. We want three-minute coffee, one-hour dry cleaning, and instant success. But to live with abandon, we must live one day at a time, enjoying the little victories, realizing that life is an endless journey in self-discovery and personal fulfillment.

4. Become involved in something bigger than yourself. I do not believe you will live happily if you set out to live life for yourself alone. Choose a cause bigger than you are and work at it in a spirit of excellence. It will become a part of you as you see your goals through to the end. Measure success not by what you've done, but what you could do.

Title：76.________ of enjoying life

Tips	Details
77. _______ yourself	It means: ☆ being very 78. ________ for your thoughts and deeds; ☆ keeping your promise, and having faith in yourself, family and work; ☆ having 79.________ in what you do and working hard; ☆ setting your own standards instead of comparing yourself to others.
Turn disappointments into strengths	☆ People 80. ________ with abandon believe personal trials make them sensitive and loving and are good for 81. ________ character. ☆ Examples of Abraham Lincoln and Helen Keller in history show 82. ________ can be made through diligence.
Enjoy the 83. ________ of life	☆ People are eager to succeed 84. ________ in the present goal-centered society. ☆ What we have to do is to enjoy our life journey by discovering ourselves and fulfilling our personalities.
Set a goal bigger than yourself	☆ Living life for yourself alone won’t make you happy. ☆ Success is not 85. ________ by the things you have done but your abilities.

 

The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people’s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history show, hasn’t meant economic freedom.

Employment became widespread when the enclosures（圈地运动）of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by taking them away from the use of the land, and thus from the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people’s homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people traveled longer distances to their place of employment until, eventually, many people’s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.

Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm（准则）today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between sexes.

It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were kept out — a problem now, as more teenagers disappointed and annoyed at school and more retired people want to live active lives.

All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some efforts and resources away from the utopian（乌托邦）goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.

1. From the passage we can learn that ____.

A．jobs have existed since human came into being

B．the industrial age brought jobs to everyone

C．the industrial age brought the work patterns most people’s work has taken

D．in the future more and more people could get jobs as the industry is developing

2.Before the enclosures of the 17^th and 18^th, people lived mainly on ____.

A．paid work

B．unpaid work

C．taxes and benefits

D．land

3.Before the industrial age women played ____.

A．more important roles in making a life	B．less important roles in making a life
C．roles as weak as after in raising their children	D．roles as important as men in supporting a family

4. From the passage we can infer that ____.

A．creating jobs for all must be changed

B．enough jobs must be created by our society

C．more and more jobs are being created

D．industrial age has made many people unable to live without full-time jobs