Animals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend (保护) themselves by using both physical and chemical means.
　　Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines (刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.
　　Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animal's teeth.
　　Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals. When a caterpillar (毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.
Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, for instance, has prickly (多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom (毒液) A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future. 
【小题1】To defend themselves, oak trees use________.

The boy wanted to ride his bike in the street, but his mother told him _____.

　 A. not to 　 B. not to do   C. not do it 　 D. do not to

Shyness or social anxiety can make socializing very difficult. Not 36 a pleasurable social life means the person is missing a lot in life.” It's not just about going to 37 , but going to social and educational events to learn and develop. Shyness is not allowing people to develop as they 38 , that is why overcoming shyness is so 39 .

　 You should not prevent yourself from having the great pleasures in life 40 you are shy. You must 41 get rid of the social anxiety. Experts will tell you that shyness is part of the growing up process in humans, but 42 for some people it never ends. It may be acceptable if you are shy as a 43 , but to be shy as an adult is going to 44 your social life very painful, if you have any social life at all.

　 The 45 of people suffering from social anxiety is that when social events come up, they respond with a feeling of fear. On the other hand, 46 people would be excited about it. If the shy person is not in control, fear of social events comes automatically.

　 Overcoming shyness is 47 ! In fact, 48 self hypnosis audios (自我催眠音) 49 great and fast for getting rid of the social anxiety.

　 Hypnosis audios will help you 50 and train your unconscious mind to be in control and slowly remove the feeling of fear and you can respond with 51 and pleasure when social events come up. 52 listening just a couple of times, you notice a visible 53 in your behavior. Anxiety levels will go 54 and you will be more relaxed socially and 55 socializing again.

36. A. lacking　 　　　　 B. having　 　　　　　　　 C. enriching 　　　　 D. missing

37. A. parties　 　　　　 B. school　 　　　　　　　 C. work　　　　　　 D. college

38. A. can　　　 　　　 B. may　　　 　　　　　　 C. should　　　　　 D. will

39. A. difficult　 　　　 B. likely　　 　　　　　　　 C. easy　　　　 　　　　　　 D. important

40. A. because　　　 　　　 B. so that　 　　　　　　　 C. but　　　　　 　　 D. after

41. A. therefore　　 B. instead　 　　　　　　　　　　 C. even　　　　　 　 D. still

42. A. unimportantly 　 B. unbelievably　 　　　 C. unfortunately　 　　 D. undoubtedly

43. A. student　　　 B. baby　　　 　　　　　 C. worker　　　　　 D. teenager

44. A. make　　　　　 B. change　　 　　　　　 C. become　　　　　 D. go

45. A. question　　 　 B. problem　 　　　　　　 C. topic　　　　　　 D. solution

46. A. healthy　　　 　 B. usual　　 　　　　　　 C. ordinary　　　　 D. normal

47. A. necessary　　 　 B. possible　 　　　　　　 C. advisory　 　　　 D. troublesome

48. A. coming to　　 　 B. referring to　 　　　 C. listening to　 　　　　 D. applying to

49. A. works　　　　 B. runs　　　　 　　　　　　 C. leaves　　　　 　　 D. adapts

50. A. progress　　 　 B. relax　　　　 　　　　 C. live　　　　　　 　 D. switch

51. A. disappointment B. astonishment　 　　　　　　 C. excitement　 　　　　 D. amazement

52. A. Before　　　 B. After　　　　 　　　 C. Without　　　　 　 D. On

53. A. grades　　　 B. income　　　　 　　 C. difference　　 　　 D. happiness

54. A. down　　　　 B. up　　　　　　 　　 C. out　 　　　　　　 D. off

55. A. dislike　　　 　　 B. enjoy　　　　 　　 C. prefer　　　　 　　 D. avoid

Michel is a young girl who works for the police   36  a handwriting expert. She has helped   37  many criminals (罪犯) by using her special talents.
When she was fourteen, Michel was already   38  interested in the differences in her friends'   39  that she would spend hours  40 them. After 41 college she went to France for a   42  two-year class in handwriting at the School of Police Science.
Michel says that it is  43  for people to hide their handwriting. She can discover _44  of what she needs to know simply   45  looking at the writing with her own eyes,   46  she also has machines   47   help her make    48  different kinds of paper and ink. This knowledge is often   49  great help to the police.
Michel believes that handwriting is a good   50  of what kind of person the 51  is. "I wouldn't go out with a fellow    52  I didn't like his handwriting." She says. But she   53 she fell in love with her future husband, a young policeman   54  she studied his handwriting. It is later proved to be    55 , however.