Many people believe that teaching children music makes them smarter, better able to learn new things. But the organizers of a new study say there's no scientific evidence that early musical training affects the intelligence of young people.

An estimated 80 percent of American adults think music lessons improve children's abilily to learn or their performance in school. They say that the satisfaction for learning to play a new song helps a child express creativity.

Researchers at Harvard University, however, have found that there's one thing musi­cal training does not do. They say it does not make children more intelligent. Samuel Mehr is a graduate student at Harvard's School of Education. He said it is wrong to think that learning to play a musical instrument improves a child's intellectual development. He says the evidence comes from studies that measured the mental ability of two groups of 4-year-olds and their parents. One group attended music class, the other went to a class that places importance on the visual arts—arts that can be seen.

"The evidence there is 'no'. We found no evidence for any advantage on any of these tests for the kids participating in these music clases," said Mehr.Samuel Mehr says researchers have carried out many studies in an effort to learn whether musical training can make children smarter. He says the results have been mixed. He says only one study seems to show a small percentage increase in IQ, intellectual scores among students after one year of music lessons. He does not believe that IQ is a good measure of child's intelligence. He says researchers in his study compared how well children in the musical training group did on mental processing tasks or projects, then the results were compared to those of children who did not take lessons. There was no evidence that the musical training group did much better on the mental tasks than the other group.

The researchers comfirmed the results with a larger group of children and their par­ents.Mr Mehr says music lessons may not offer children a fast easy way to gain entry to the best schools later of their life. But he says the training is still important for cultural reasons. In his words, "We teach music because music is important for us."

1.According to the new study, musical training______.

A. makes children smarter????????????????????????

B. helps a child express creativity

C. does not make children more intelligent??????????

D. improve children's ability to learn in school

2.Samuel Mehr may agree that______.

A. the children who attended music class are smarter than those who attended arts class

B. IQ is a good measure of a child's intelligence

C. we needn't to teach children music

D. music training is still important for cultural reasons

3.In order to confirm his view, Samuel Mehr______.

A. conducted more than one research

B. interviewed many American adults

C. taught two groups of 4-yetr-olds music and arts

D. offered children a fast way to be admitted to the best schools

4.The artical may be taken from a report about _____.

A. health????????????? B. education????????????? C. ????????????? culture????????????? D.economy

Making an advertisement for television often costs more than a move．For example, a two-hour movie costs $ 6 million to make．A TV commercial can cost more than $ 6 000 a second．And that does not include cost of paying for air time(电视节目开始的时间)．Which is more valuable, the program or the ad? In terms of money--and making money is what television is all about the commercial is by far the more important．

    Research, market testing, talent, time and money--all come together to make us want to buy a product．No matter how bad we think a commercial is, it works．The sales of Charm went up once the ads began．TV commercials actually buy their way into our head．We, in turn, buy the product．

    And the ads work because so much time an attention are given them．Here are some rules of commercial ad making．If you want to get the low middle-class buyer, make sure the announcer has a tough, manly voice．Put some people in the ad who work with their hands．If you want to sell to upper-class audience, make sure that the house, the furniture, and the hair style are the types that the group identifies (识别) with．If you want the buyer feel superior to the character selling the product, then make that person so stupid or silly that everyone will feel great about himself or herself

We laugh at commercials．We don't think we pay that much attention them．But evidence shows we are kidding ourselves．The making of a commercial that costs so much money is not kid stuff．It's big, big business．And it's telling us what to think, what we need, and what to buy．To put simply, the TV commercial is a form of brainwashing．

TV commercials are more important than other programs to television because _______．

   A．they bring in great profits (利润)     B．they require a lot of money to make

   C．they are not difficult to produce       D．they attract more viewers than other programs

The purpose of all the efforts made in turning out TV commercials is ________．

   A．to persuade people to buy the product      B．to show how valuable the product is

   C．to test the market value of the product     D．to make them as interesting as TV movies

From the rules set for making commercial ads, we can see that_________．

   A．the lower-middle-class buyer likes to work with his hand

   B．the more stupid the characters, the more buyers of the product

   C．ad designers attract different people with different skills

   D．an upper-class buyer is more interested in houses and furniture than a lower-middle-class buyer

The word “kidding”(line 2, par．4) most probably means _________．

   A．behaving as a child                    B．laughing at

   C．making fun of                             D．not telling the truth to

It is believed by the writer that_________．

   A．few people like to watch TV commercials             

B．TV commercials are a good guide to buyers

   C．TV commercials often make people laugh      

D．people do not think highly of TV commercials

　　The survey about childhood in the Third World shows that the struggle for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world, children can 1 from a different kind of poverty-of the spirit. 2 , one Western country alone now sees 14 000 attempted suicides (自 杀) every year by children under 15, and one child 3 five needs psychiatric (心理) advice.

　　There are many good things about 4 in the Third World. Take the close and con-stant relation between children and their par-ents, relatives and neighbours for example. In the West, the very nature of work puts dis-tance between 5 and children. But in most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each day to work in of-fices. 6 , the child sees mother and father,relations and neighbours working 7 and often shares in that work.

　　A child 8 in this way learns his or her role through joining in the community's 9 : helping to dig or build, look after ani-mals or babies-rather than 10 playing with water and sand in kindergarten, keeping pets 11 playing with dolls.

　　These children may grow up with a less oppressive sense of space and time than the 12 children. Their sense of days and time has a lot to do with the change of seasons and positions of the sun or the moon in the sky. Children in the rich world, 13 , are pro-vided with a watch as one of the 14 signs of growing up, so that they can 15 along with their parents about being late for school times, meal times, bed times, the times of TV shows...

　　Third World children do not usually 16 to stay indoors, still less in high-rise apartments (公寓). Instead of dangerous road, “keep off the grass” signs and “don't speak to strangers”, there is often a sense of 17 to study and play. Parents can see their children outside rather than observe them 18 from ten floors up.

　　 19 , twelve million children under five still die every year through hunger and disease. But childhood in the Third World is not all 20 .

To me, life without music would not be exciting. I realize that this is not true for everybody. Many people get along quite well without going to the concert, and listening to the record. But music plays an important part in everyone's life, whether he realizes it or not. Try to imagine, for example, what films or TV plays would be like without music. Would the feelings, the moving plot, and the greatest interests, be so exciting or dramatic? I'm not sure about it.
Now, we have been speaking of music in its more common meaning----the kind of music we hear in the concert hall. But if we look at some parts of music more closely, we discover them in our everyday life too----in the rhythm of the sea, the melody of a bird in the woods and so on. So music surely has meaning for everyone, in some way or other. And, of course, it has special meaning for those who have spent all their lives working on playing or writing music.
It is well said, “Through music a child enters into a world of beauty, expresses himself from his heart, feels the joy of doing things alone, learns to take care of others, develops his mind and makes his body strong.”
【小题1】 What dose the writer say more about in the text?

If you see someone drowning, speed is very important. Once you get him out of the water, if he isn’t breathing, you have four minutes before his brain is completely destroyed. Support his neck, lift his head back and press his chin upwards. This stops the tongue blocking the airway in the throat and is sometimes enough to get him breathing again. If that doesn’t work, start mouth-to-mouth breathing. Press his nostrils (鼻孔)together with your fingers .Open you mouth and take a deep breath. Blow into his lungs until his chest rises, then remove your mouth ,and watch his chest fall. Repeat twelve times a minute. Keep doing until help arrives.
To bring a child back to life, keep your lips around his mouth and nose and gently blow into his mouth. Give the first four breaths as quickly as possible to fill the blood with oxygen. If , in spite of your efforts, he starts turning a blue-grey color, you can feel no pulse(脉搏). Then pressing is the last chance of saving his life.
With arms straight, rock forwards, pressing down on the lower half of the breastbone. Don’t be too hard or you may break a rib (肋骨). Check how effective you are by seeing if his color improves or his pulse becomes independent to your chest pressing. If this happens, stop the pressing. Otherwise continue until rescue arrives.
【小题1】This passage is mainly about __________.      .

A．get him breathing again

B．take him to the nearest hospital as soon as possible

C．find someone to help you

D．call the First Aid Center

A．If a man does not breathe for four minutes, his brain will be completely destroyed.

B．If you see someone drowning, you must give him mouth –to – mouth breathing.

C．Don’t stop pressing his chest, if the drowning man starts breathing again.

D．When pressing, you can do it as hard as you can.