A camera, a glove, a hand tool, even a toothbrush… they are all up there, above the clouds, going around and around the Earth. There are also thousands of pieces of metal and plastic. Some of them are only about the size of a fingernail. Many are much larger. Scientists consider all these objects to be space junk, and they are a problem.

　　　 Since people first launched rockets into space in the 1950s, we have been leaving behind all sorts of things. Much of the space junk is made up of little pieces of things that were once bigger objects, until they struck each other and broke apart. Sometimes larger pieces survive the extreme heat through the atmosphere and hit the ground or the ocean at great speeds.

　　　 But space junk falling on housetops is not the biggest worry. Scientists are concerned about the Kessler syndrome. It is named after the American scientist who first thought of the idea in 1978. Imagine what happens when an empty rocket strikes another while orbiting the Earth. Two big things become many smaller things. They then hit other things. The pieces get smaller and smaller until they form a cloud of junk that blocks the path of future space vehicles.

　　　 Marco Castronuovo, an Italian Space Agency researcher, suggested launching a satellite into space that would get very close to some of the larger pieces of space junk. The satellite would connect a small rocket to the useless object. When the rocket explodes, it pushes the junk into a lower and slower orbit, nearer the Earth. After a time, the junk burns up in the atmosphere.

　　　 Scientists have been concerned about space junk for many years. Right now, the costs of the clean- up have been too great. Mr. Castronuovo says his system could be put in place for a much more reasonable amount of money.

67.　 What does the underlined part “space junk” in Paragraph 1 refer to?

A.It refers to small pieces of things that were once bigger objects.

B.It refers to objects that survived the extreme heat through the atmosphere.

C.It refers to clouds that are made up of small objects in space.

D.It refers to all kinds of objects that have been left behind in space.

68.Why do scientists consider the Kessler syndrome a big problem?

A.Space junk clouds are likely to block the path of spacecraft.

B.An empty rocket might strike a spacecraft orbiting the Earth.

C.Space junk might fall onto the Earth, causing damage.

D.Space junk becomes bigger and bigger until hard to get rid of.

69.What is mainly talked about in the passage?

A.Smaller objects come together to form clouds of space junk.

B.Human beings are responsible for space junk.

C.Space junk is a big problem human beings have to find ways to solve.

D.An Italian researcher has found a good way to remove space junk.

70.What is the author’s attitude towards Marco Castronuovo’s method of cleaning up space junk?

A.　 Doubtful. 　　　　　　 B.　 Objective.　　　　　　 C.　 Favorable.　　 D.　 Disapproving.

The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the old world from new. For

centuries it kept the Americans from being discovered by the people of Europe.

　　 Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic Ocean were believed in by people that they didn't 1 to go far out into it. One idea was that it reached out to the 　2 　that they might go right 3 the earth. 　4 idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.

　　 The Atlantic Ocean is only half as 5 as the Pacific. It is the second 6 　ocean in the world. It is more than 4,000 miles 　7 . Even at the narrowest it is about 2,000 miles wide.

　　 Something makes the Atlantic Ocean rather unusual. For so 　8 an ocean it has very few islands.

　　 There is 9 much water in the Atlantic that it is hard to 10 　how much there is. But suppose no more 11 fell into it and no more 12 was brought to it by 13 . It would take the ocean about 4,000 years to dry up. In most places the water is little more than two miles 　14 , but in some places it is much _15 . The deepest 　16 is Puerto Rico. This "deep" measures 30,246 feet.

　　 The Atlantic gives much 　17 to the people on its shores. There are a lot of famous fishing places there.

　　 Today the Atlantic is a great highway. It is not, 　18 , always a smooth safe one. We now have such fast ways of traveling that this big ocean seems to have grown 19 . It took Columbus from New York to London in only eight hours 20 and from South America to Africa in four!

1. A. need　　　　　 B. have　　　　　 C. dare　　　　　 D. use

2. A. farthest　　　 B. deepest　　　 C. highest　　　 D. nearest

3. A. into　　　　　 B. onto　　　　　 C. off　　　　　 D. around

4. A. The other　　 B. One　　　　　 C. Other　　　　 D. Another

5. A. deep　　　　　 B. big　　　　　 C. wide　　　　　 D. narrow

6. A. largest　　　 B. widest　　　　 C. deepest　　 D. highest

7. A. deep　　　　　 B. long　　　　　 C. wide　　　　　 D. high

8. A. large　　　　 B. small　　　　 C. deep　　　 D. unusual

9. A. such　　　　　 B. so　　　　　　 C. too　　　　　 D. very

10. A. imagine　　　 B. think　　　　 C. measure　　 D. calculate

11. A. ships　　　　 B. islands　　　 C. water　　　　 D. rain

12. A. snow　　　　　 B. rain　　　　　 C. water　　　　 D. fish

13. A. ships　　　　 B. rivers　　　　 C. rain　　　　　 D. snow

14. A. deep　　　　　 B. wide　　　　　 C. long　　　　　 D. high

15. A. deep　　　　　 B. wide　　　　　 C. deeper　　　　 D. wider

16. A. ocean　　　　 B. hole　　　 　 C. water　　　　 D. spot

17. A. money　　　 B. food　　　　 C. water　　　　 D. interests

18. A. either　　　　 B. however　　　 C. as well　　　 D. besides

19. A. smaller　　　 B. bigger　　　　 C. younger　　　 D. wider

20. A. way　　　　　 B. route　　　　 C. round　　　　 D. trip

Since people first sent rockets into space in the 1950s, we have been leaving behind all sorts of things. Some of them, like the camera, were lost by astronauts while they did work outside their spaceship. But much of the space junk is made up of little pieces of things that were once bigger objects, until they struck each other and broke apart.
Some things we send into space fall back toward the earth and burn up in the atmosphere. But larger pieces sometimes survive the extreme heat and hit the ground or the ocean at great speeds. So there is always concern that something may fall from the sky and do some harm.
But space junk falling on housetops (屋顶) is not the biggest worry. Scientists are concerned about what happens when an empty rocket strikes another while orbiting (绕轨道飞行) the earth. Two big things become many smaller things. They then hit other things. The pieces get smaller and smaller until they form a cloud of junk that blocks the path of future space vehicles.
So what can be done to clean up the space around our planet? Marco Castronuovo, an Italian researcher, talks about sending a satellite into space that would get very close to some of the larger pieces of space junk. The satellite would connect a small rocket to the useless object. When the rocket explodes, it pushes the junk into a lower and slower orbit, nearer the earth. After a time, the junk burns up in the atmosphere.
Mr. Castronuovo has proposed (提议) using a number of small satellites with robotic arms. One arm would catch the space junk, and another arm would connect the rocket. He imagines that each satellite would jump from one large piece of junk to another. He thinks this method could destroy about ten large objects each year.
Scientists have been concerned about space junk for many years. Right now, the costs of the clean-up have been too great. Mr. Castronuovo says his system could be put in place for a much more reasonable amount of money.
【小题1】Much of the space junk _____.

Since people first sent rockets into space in the 1950s, we have been leaving behind all sorts of things. Some of them, like the camera, were lost by astronauts while they did work outside their spaceship. But much of the space junk is made up of little pieces of things that were once bigger objects, until they struck each other and broke apart.

Some things we send into space fall back toward the earth and burn up in the atmosphere. But larger pieces sometimes survive the extreme heat and hit the ground or the ocean at great speeds. So there is always concern that something may fall from the sky and do some harm.

But space junk falling on housetops (屋顶) is not the biggest worry. Scientists are concerned about what happens when an empty rocket strikes another while orbiting (绕轨道飞行) the earth. Two big things become many smaller things. They then hit other things. The pieces get smaller and smaller until they form a cloud of junk that blocks the path of future space vehicles.

So what can be done to clean up the space around our planet? Marco Castronuovo, an Italian researcher, talks about sending a satellite into space that would get very close to some of the larger pieces of space junk. The satellite would connect a small rocket to the useless object. When the rocket explodes, it pushes the junk into a lower and slower orbit, nearer the earth. After a time, the junk burns up in the atmosphere.

Mr. Castronuovo has proposed (提议) using a number of small satellites with robotic arms. One arm would catch the space junk, and another arm would connect the rocket. He imagines that each satellite would jump from one large piece of junk to another. He thinks this method could destroy about ten large objects each year.

Scientists have been concerned about space junk for many years. Right now, the costs of the clean-up have been too great. Mr. Castronuovo says his system could be put in place for a much more reasonable amount of money.

1.Much of the space junk _____.

A．was thrown by the astronauts

B．is from broken spaceship

C．is made up of small pieces of things

D．returns to the earth piece by piece

2.Scientists are most worried that the space junk _____.

A．will stop the future space vehicles

B．will do harm to the atmosphere

C．will fall on the housetops

D．will burn up in space

3.What does Marco Castronuovo think of his system?

A．It can remove space junk completely.

B．It can save a large amount of money.

C．It can create a large amount of space.

D．It can develop robotic technology.

Have you ever been ill? When you are ill, you must be unhappy because your body becomes hot, and there are pains all over your body. You don’t want to work, and you stay in bed, feeling very sad.
What makes us ill? It is germs(细菌). Germs are everywhere.  They are very small and you can’t find them with your eyes, but you can see them with a mi­croscope. They are very very small and there could be hundreds of them on a very small thing.
Germs are always found in dirty water. When we look at dirty water under the microscope, we shall see them in it. So your father and mother will not let you drink dirty water.
Germs aren’t found only in water. They are found in air  and dust. If you cut your finger, if some of the dust from the floor goes into the cut(割开处), some of the germs would go into your finger. Your finger would become big and red, and you will have much pain in it. Sometimes the germs would go into all of your body, and you would have pain everywhere.
56. Which of the following is true?
A. If things are very very small, they are germs.
B. If things can’t be seen, they must be germs.
C. Germs are only in dirty water.
D. Germs are everywhere around us.
57. What is a microscope used for?
A. Making very very small things look much bigger.
B. Making very big things look much smaller.
C. Helping you read some newspapers.
D. Helping you if you can’t see things clearly.
58. Why don’t your parents let you drink dirty water?
A. You haven’t looked at it carefully.
B. Water can’t be drunk in this way.
C. There must be lots of germs in it.
D. Water will make you ill.
59. Which of the following is not true?
A. Germs can be found both in water and in the air.
B. Germs can go into your finger if it is cut.
C. If your temperature is not OK, there must be germs in your body.
D. If your finger isn’t cut, there aren’t any germs on it.
60. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. Germs may make us ill.    B. Germs are in dirty water.
C. Don’t drink dirty water.    D. Take care of your fingers.