阅读理解

阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。

　　A person may have an idea about himself that will prevent him from doing good work．

　　He may have the idea that he is not capable (有能力的) of it． It is easy to get such an idea even though there is no justification for it． A child may think he is stupid because he does not understand how to make the most of his mental abilities, or he may accept another person's mistaken opinion of his ability． Older people may be handicapped by the mistaken belief that they are incapable of learning anything new because of their age．

　　A person who believes that he is incapable will not make a real effort, because he feels that it would be useless． He won't go at a job with the confidence (自信) necessary for success, and he won't work hardest, even though he may think he is doing so． He is therefore likely to fail, and the failure will strengthen his belief in his lack of ability．

　　Alfred Adler, a famous psychiatrist (精神病医生), had an experience that illustrates this． When he was a small boy he got off to a poor start in math． His teacher got the idea that he had no ability in math, and told his parents what she thought in order that they would not expect too much of him． In this way, they too developed the idea, “Isn't it too bad that Alfred can't do math?” He accepted their mistaken opinion of his ability, felt that it was useless to try, and was very poor at math, just as they expected．

　　One day he became very angry at the teacher and other students because they laughed when he said he saw how to do a math problem which none of the other students had been able to solve．

　　Adler succeeded in solving the problem． This gave him confidence． He rejected the idea that he couldn’t do math and was determined to show them that he could． His anger and his new found confidence encouraged him to work at math problems with a new spirit． He now worked with interest, determination, and purpose, and he soon became extraordinarily good at math． He not only proved that he could do math, but he learned early in life from his own experience that, if a person goes at a job with determination and purpose, he may astonish himself as well as others by his ability．

　　This experience made him realize that many people have more ability than they think they have． And that lack of success is as often the result of lack of confidence and lack of determination as it is the result of lack of ability．

1．The word “justification” most probably means________．

[　　]

2．What is the main idea of this passage?

[　　]

A．The basic laws in doing math problems．

B．All successes are caused by purpose．

C．Our ideas do not always have any influence on us．

D．Our ideas about ourselves may have a negative influence．

3．What does Alfred Adler's story tell us?

[　　]

A．Math is actually very easy to learn．

B．Anybody can become a mathematician, if he has determination．

C．Many people have more ability than they think they have．

D．Most teachers are wrong when they evaluate their students．

4．Why did he become angry one day?

[　　]

A．Because he was very poor at math．

B．Because they challenged him to do a difficult math problem．

C．Because he couldn’t solve the math problem．

D．Because the teacher and other students laughed at him．

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D) 中，选出最佳选项。

Some myths are stories told since ancient times to explain the causes for natural happenings. The Greek myth that explains why there are changes of (1) ______ is about Demeter, the goddess of the harvest. She had a daughter, Persephone, whom she loved very much. Hades, god of the underworld, fell in love with Persephone, and he asked Zeus, the (2) ______ of the gods, to give Persephone to him as his (3) ______. Zeus did not want either to disappoint Hades or to upset Demeter, so he said he would not agree to the marriage, but neither would he (4) ______ it. Hades, therefore, decided to take the girl without (5) ______. When Persephone was picking flowers in the garden, he seized her and took her to the underworld. When Demeter (6) ______ what happened to Persephone, she became so (7) ______ that she caused all plants to (8) ______ People were in (9) ______ of starving. But Demeter was determined not to let crops grow (10) ______ her daughter, Persephone, was returned to her. (11) ______, still not wanting to disappoint Hades, decided upon a condition for Persephone's (12) ______. She could go back to her mother if she had not (13) ______ anything while she was in the underworld. Demeter (14) ______ it because she did not know that Persephone had eaten several pomegranate (石榴) seeds in the underworld. When Zeus (15) ______ this, he agreed that Persephone could spend part of the year with her (16) ______, but he added that since she had eaten the seeds, she must spend part of the year in the underworld. And so it (17) ______ that when Persephone is in the underworld, Demeter is sad and therefore (18) ______ not let the crops grow. That is (19) ______ we have winter when plants do not grow. When Persephone returns, Demeter is (20) ______, it is spring, and plants begin to grow again.

1.A. periods             B. seasons         C. time                 D. age

2.A. winner         B. ruler                C. advisor         D. fighter

3.A. wife            B. lover                C. partner         D. daughter

4.A. forbid         B. forgive         C. admit                D. accept

5.A. arrangement         B. warning         C. reason           D. permission

6.A. let out             B. worked out       C. thought out     D. found out

7.A. excited             B. tired                C. angry                D. serious

8.A. grow fast       B. start growing        C. stop growing         D. grow slowly

9.A. danger         B. hope                 C. turn                 D. case

10.A. since         B. until                C. after                D. when

11.A. Persephone         B. Zeus                 C. Demeter         D. Hades

12.A. return             B. change           C. marriage             D. journey

13.A. stolen             B. found            C. eaten                D. heard

14.A. understood         B. refused         C. doubted         D. accepted

15.A. discovered         B. studied         C. forgot           D. prepared

16.A. daughter       B. mother           C. god             D. ruler

17.A. works         B. remains         C. happens         D. starts

18.A. should             B. can             C. dare                 D. will

19.A. where         B. because         C. why             D. how

20.A. nice           B. friendly             C. fresh                D. happy

C
“The pen is more powerful than the sword.” There have been many writers who used their pens to fight things that were wrong. Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe was one of them.
She was born in the U.S.A. in 1811.One of her books not only made her famous but has been described as one that excited the world，and was helpful in causing a civil war and freeing the enslaved race. The civil war was the American Civil War of 1861，in which the Northern States fought the Southern States and finally won.
This book that shook the world was called "Uncle Tom's Cabin". Begun as a serial for the Washington anti-slavery weekly, the National Era, it focused public interest on the problem of slavery, and was deeply controversial(争议的). In writing the book, Stowe drew on her personal experience: she was familiar with slavery, the anti-slavery movement, and the underground railroad, because Kentucky, across the Ohio River from Cincinnati, Ohio, where Stowe had lived, was a slave state.
There was a time when every English-speaking man, woman, and child has read this novel that did so much to stop slavery. Not many people read it today, but it is still very interesting. The book has shown us how a warm-hearted writer can arouse（唤起）people's sympathies（同情）. The author herself had neither been to the Southern States nor been a slave. The Southern Americans were very angry at the book, which they said did not at all represent（描述）true state of affairs, but the Northern Americans were wildly excited over it, and were so inspired by it that they were ready to go to war to set the slaves free.
Following publication of the book, she became well- known, speaking against slavery both in America and Europe.
In 1862, when she visited President Lincoln, it was said that he greeted her as “the little lady who made this big war”: the war between the states.
49. Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe was________when her world famous book was published.
A. about sixty years old                                B. around fifty years old
C. in her forties                                                D. around twenty years old
50. What do we learn about Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe from the text?
A. she had been living in a state where slaves were kept.
B. she herself encouraged the Northern Americans to go to war to set the slaves free.
C. she was better at writing than at swinging a sword.
D. she had once been a slave.
51. Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s book caused the civil war because________.
A. she wrote so well that Americans loved her very much.
B. she disclosed the terrible wrongs that had been done to the slaves in the Southern States.
C. the Southern Americans hated the book, while the Northern Americans liked it.
D. the book had been read by many Americans.
52. What can we learn from the text?
A. it isn’t necessary to use weapons to fight things that were wrong.
B. A writer is more helpful in a war than a soldier.
C. We must understand the importance of literature and art.
D. No war can be won without such a book as Uncle Tom's Cabin

C

“The pen is more powerful than the sword.” There have been many writers who used their pens to fight things that were wrong. Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe was one of them.

She was born in the U.S.A. in 1811.One of her books not only made her famous but has been described as one that excited the world，and was helpful in causing a civil war and freeing the enslaved race. The civil war was the American Civil War of 1861，in which the Northern States fought the Southern States and finally won.

This book that shook the world was called "Uncle Tom's Cabin". Begun as a serial for the Washington anti-slavery weekly, the National Era, it focused public interest on the problem of slavery, and was deeply controversial(争议的). In writing the book, Stowe drew on her personal experience: she was familiar with slavery, the anti-slavery movement, and the underground railroad, because Kentucky, across the Ohio River from Cincinnati, Ohio, where Stowe had lived, was a slave state.

There was a time when every English-speaking man, woman, and child has read this novel that did so much to stop slavery. Not many people read it today, but it is still very interesting. The book has shown us how a warm-hearted writer can arouse（唤起）people's sympathies（同情）. The author herself had neither been to the Southern States nor been a slave. The Southern Americans were very angry at the book, which they said did not at all represent（描述）true state of affairs, but the Northern Americans were wildly excited over it, and were so inspired by it that they were ready to go to war to set the slaves free.

Following publication of the book, she became well- known, speaking against slavery both in America and Europe.

In 1862, when she visited President Lincoln, it was said that he greeted her as “the little lady who made this big war”: the war between the states.

49. Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe was________when her world famous book was published.

A. about sixty years old                                 B. around fifty years old

C. in her forties                                                D. around twenty years old

50. What do we learn about Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe from the text?

A. she had been living in a state where slaves were kept.

B. she herself encouraged the Northern Americans to go to war to set the slaves free.

C. she was better at writing than at swinging a sword.

D. she had once been a slave.

51. Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s book caused the civil war because________.

A. she wrote so well that Americans loved her very much.

B. she disclosed the terrible wrongs that had been done to the slaves in the Southern States.

C. the Southern Americans hated the book, while the Northern Americans liked it.

D. the book had been read by many Americans.

52. What can we learn from the text?

A. it isn’t necessary to use weapons to fight things that were wrong.

B. A writer is more helpful in a war than a soldier.

C. We must understand the importance of literature and art.

D. No war can be won without such a book as Uncle Tom's Cabin

第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
It was one of the happiest times of my life. I was 29 and had just received my bachelor’s degree, graduating with honors despite working two jobs and being a wife and mother. My parents and five - year - old son were in the audience when I walked onto the stage at Ashland University to get my diploma. I was so excited and proud to be starting a teaching career and contributing more to my family’s well - being.
But when I got home that evening, there was a note from my husband written on the back of an envelope. It basically said he’d come to get his clothes and wouldn't be back. We’d been having trouble, but the finality of that note still came as a shock. He had emptied our bank account. We were horribly in debt. I had quit my previous jobs in expectation of interviewing for a teaching position. I was embarrassed, scared, and angry and felt I had failed.
But I had my son, and I was about to bring a new life into the world, so despite my deep sadness, I had to go on. The next morning, I woke up, put my feet on the floor, took a deep breath, fixed breakfast, and basically did everything I always did. I used my routine to keep me moving. One small step after one small step was the way I bounced back.
And in the seven years since, I've continued moving forward. I got a job as a kindergarten teacher, earned a master' s degree in education. I certainly would never have chosen to put them through this, but I'm glad it happened to me when looking back. It helped me find my voice and myself a lot sooner. It helped me grow independent, confident, and strong—things I' m hopefully developing gradually now in my child.
1．It was one of the author's happiest times because ____.
A．she became a good wife and got two jobs
B．she had just received her bachelor's degree
C．she had been a teacher at Ashland University
D．she was proud to be loved by her family
2．From the second paragraph we can learn the author ____.
A．had run out of her money and was in debt
B．had interviewed for a teaching position
C．had a bad relationship with her husband
D．had got a paper of ending her marriage
3．The author did everything as usual because ____.
A．she wanted to use her routine to move forward
B．she wanted to get a good job as a teacher
C．she felt she had failed and was very sad
D．she had to support her mother and child
4．What does the author think of the failure she faced?
A．It was possible to live without failing at something.
B．It made her become embarrassed, scared, and angry .
C．It made her give up hope and didn't bounce back.