People use their mouths for many things.They eat，talk，shout and sing.They smile and they kiss.In the English language，there are many expressions using the word “mouth”．

For example，if you say bad things about a person，the person might protest(抗议) and say “Do not bad mouth me.” Sometimes，people say something to a friend or family member that they later regret because it hurts that person.Or they tell the person something they were not supposed to tell.The speaker might say，“I really put my foot in my mouth this time.” If this should happen，the speaker might feel down in the mouth.In other words，he might feel sad for saying the wrong thing.

Another situation is when someone falsely claims another person said something.The other person might protest，“I did not say that.Do not put words in my mouth.”

Some people have lots of money because they were born into a very rich family.There is an expression for this，too.You might say such a person，“was born with a silver spoon in his mouth.” This rich person is the opposite of a person who lives from hand to mouth.This person is very poor and only has enough money for the most important things in life，like food.

Parents might sometimes keep a child off sweet food as a form of punishment for saying bad things.For example，if a child says things she should not say to her parents，she might be described as a mouthy child.The parents might even tell the child to stop mouthing off.

But enough of all this talk.I have been running my mouth long enough.

1.What will the person say if he feels sorry for what he has said?

A．Do not bad mouth me.

B．Stop mouthing off.

C．Do not put words in my mouth.

D．I really put my foot in my mouth this time.

2.If a person lives from hand to mouth，it implies that________.

A．he is badly?off? B．he is hard?working

C．he has lots of money? D．he has enough to eat

3.By saying“I have been running my mouth long enough”，the speaker means “________”．

A．I have run a long way

B．I have talked too much

C．I have learned a lot

D．I have been a mouthy person

4.What is mainly talked about in the text?

A．Expressions about the word “mouth”．

B．Functions of the organ “mouth”．

C．Opinions about “mouthy people”．

D．Meanings of the word “mouth”．

A

On the first day of the 11th grade, our new math teacher Mr Washington asked me to go to the blackboard to do a math problem. I told him that I couldn’t do it. He asked, “Why not?” I paused, and then I said, “Because I’m educable mentally retarded (可教育智能迟滞).”

He came from behind his desk and looked at me. “Don’t ever say that again. Someone’s opinion of you does not have to become your reality,” he said.

It was a very special moment for me. Doctors said that I was educable mentally retarded in the fifth grade, and I was put back into the fourth grade. When I was in the eighth grade, I failed again.

But Mr Washington changed my life. This person always gave students the feeling that he had high expectations of them, and then all of the students did their best to live up to what those expectations were. He often said, “You have greatness within you.”

One day, I caught up with him in the parking place and said, “Mr Washington, is there greatness within me, sir?”

He said, “Yes, Mr Brown.”

“But what about the fact that I failed English, math, and history? What about that, sir? I’m slower than most kids.”

“It doesn’t matter. It just means that you have to work harder. Your grades don’t determine who you are or what you can produce in your life.”

“I want to buy my mother a house.”

“It is possible, Mr Brown. You can do that.” And he turned to walk away.

“Mr Washington?”

“What do you want now?”

“Uh, I’m the one, sir. One day you’re going to hear my name. I’m the one, sir.”

School was a real struggle for me. Mr Washington put many demands on me. He made me believe that I could do it. At the end of that year, I was on the honor roll for the first time in my life.

Years later, I produced five programs on public television. When one of my programs was shown on the educational television channel, I had some friends call him. I was sitting by the phone waiting when he called me. He said, “May I speak to Mr Brown, please?”

“Oh, Mr Washington, is that you?”

“Yes, it’s me. You were the one, weren’t you?”

“Yes, sir, I was.”

1.What does Mr Washington mean by saying “Someone’s opinion of you does not have to become your reality”?

A．You needn’t have the same opinion as others.

B．You should believe what other people say.

C．What other people say about you may not be correct.

D．The doctor made a mistake.

2. What happened to the author at last?

A．He entered a good university.              B．He earned much honor.

C．He got a good job.                       D．He made television programs.

3. In the passage, the author implies that _________.

A．people shouldn’t believe what doctors say

B．no one can be successful with hard work and confidence

C．no one is really educable mentally retarded

D．a good teacher can change a student’s life

4.The best title for the passage would be “__________”.

A．Don’t believe others                   B．I am the one

C．My best teacher                        D．I succeeded at last

　When several different people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you alone observe one behavior or one person at two different times, you may see different things. The following are but some of the factors that lead to these varying perceptions (感知，认知)：

　　(1)Each person’s perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning education, and personal experiences.

　　(2) Sometimes perceptions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we’ve observed. It is not necessarily true that person perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person; or you may focus (聚焦) primarily on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same yardstick (标准) to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers.

　　(3) Sometimes we see only what we want to see or don’t see what may be obvious to others because of out own needs, desires, or temporary emotional states. This is a process known as selective perception. Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory (矛盾的) information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore (忽视) the stimulus- “He’s basically a good boy so what I saw was not shoplifting. ”

　　We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information- “All kids (孩子) get into mischief (顽皮) . Taking a book from the bookstore isn’t such a big deal. ” We can change the meaning of the contradictory information-”It wasn’t shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later.”…

1.The first factor given by the author that affects our perception is _____.

2.While observing a particular person, ______.

3.Observation of the same person by two people at the same time may differ because ______.

4.The word “stimulus ” in paragraph 4 refers to ______.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Choosing the right job is probably one of the most important decisions we have to make in life, and it is frequently one of the hardest decisions we have to make. One important question that you might ask yourself is: “How do I get a good job?”___【小题1】___.
There are people who can answer an insignificant advertisement in the local paper and land the best job in the world; others write to all sorts of places all over the country, and never seem to get a reply at all. Still others believe that the in person, door-to-door approach is by far the best way to get a job; and then there are those who, through no active decision of their own, just seem to be in the right place at the right time. __【小题2】____. He used to spend a lot of his free time down by the sea watching the tall ships, but never thinking that he might one day sail one of them. His father was a farmer, and being a sailor could never be anything for the boy but an idle dream. One day, on his usual wandering, he heard the captain of the ship complaining that he could not sail because one member of his crew was sick. Without stopping to think, the lad(少年) offered to take his place. ___【小题3】___.
_【小题4】__. If the lad had gone home to ponder（考虑）his decision for a week, he may have missed his chance. It is one thing to be offered an opportunity; it is another thing to take it and use it well.
Sometimes we hear stories about people who break all the rules and still seem to land plum jobs（美差）. When you go for a job interview or fill out an application, you are expected to say nice things about the company to which you are applying. __【小题5】___. And within a year this person had become general manger of the company.

When something goes wrong, it can be very satisfying to say, “Well, it’s so-and-so’s fault.” or “I know I’m late, but it’s not my fault; the car broke down.” It is probably not your fault, but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser. You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation. However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation. This is the winner’s key to success.

Winners are great at overcoming problems. For example, if you were late because your car broke down, maybe you need to have your car examined more regularly. Or, you might start to carry along with you the useful phone numbers, so you could call for help when in need. For another example, if your colleague causes you problems on the job for lack of responsibility or ability, find ways of dealing with his irresponsibility or inability rather than simply blame the person. Ask to work with a different person, or don’t rely on this person. You should accept that the person is not reliable and find creative ways to work successfully regardless of how your colleague fails to do his job well.

Being a winner is all about creatively using your skills and talents so that you are successful no matter what happens. Winners don’t have fewer problems in their lives; they have just as many difficult situations to face as anybody else. They are just better at seeing those problems as challenges and opportunities to develop their own talents. So, stop focusing on “whose fault it is.” Once you are confident about your power over bad situations, problems are just stepping stones for success.

1.According to the passage, winners        .

A. deal with problems rather than blame others

B. meet with fewer difficulties in their lives

C. have responsible and able colleagues

D. blame themselves rather than others

2.The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to        .

A. avoid                    B. accept                      C. improve             D. consider

3.When your colleague brings about a problem, you should        .

A. blame him for his lack of responsibility

B. find a better way to handle the problem

C. tell him to find the cause of the problem

D. ask a more able colleague for help

4.When problems occur, winners take them as        .

A. excuses for their failures

B. barriers to greater power

C. challenges to their colleagues

D. chances for self-development

5.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. A Winner’s Secret                                     B. A Winner’s Problem

C. A Winner’s Opportunity                           D. A Winner’s Achievement