A greeting is a friendly expression or gesture used when meeting or welcoming someone. Greetings usually happen before a conversation and sometimes accompanied by some greeting behaviors such as a small kiss or a hug and handshake. Though the time to greet someone is short,      

  51    . Just as the Chinese saying goes “A kind word could warm one for three winters, a bad attitude would make one cold even in hot summer.”

The following are some greetings in different countries.

1. America: Firm handshakes should last 3-5 seconds.   52    . When greeting multiple people, make eye contact with the person whose hand you are taking, and then go on to the next. They are not used to standing too closely.

2. United Kingdom: A hand shake is the most common form of greeting for both men and women. When people are already familiar, verbal greetings are used. Personal space is important and people can feel uncomfortable if someone stands too close to them.     53   .

3. Australia: A handshake is the preferred greeting. When speaking to an Australian, keep an arm’s length distance from the person.    54    , and eye contact should be maintained as well.

4. Canada: A handshake is traditional. Men usually wait for women to offer theirs. Direct, but not too intense eye contact is acceptable, especially to convey sincerity. The standard distance between two people should be two feet.     55   .

A. Touching is generally avoided

B. people still greet each other with a “hello”.

C. French Canadians, however, may stand slightly closer.

D. its influence is long and profound.

E. When people already know each other well, they needn’t greet.

F. Good eye contact shows interest, sincerity and confidence.

G. Maintaining personal space is important in this culture

Tess, a smart eight-year-old girl, heard her Mom and Dad talking about her little brother, Andrew. __36__ she knew was that he was very sick and only a very costly operation could save him now. But they were completely _37__ money. She heard Daddy say to her tearful Mother, “Only __38__can save him now.”

Tess went to her bedroom and pulled a glass jelly jar from its hiding place in the closet. She _39_ all the change out on the floor and counted it carefully. After that, she slipped out the back door, _40__ to the Drug Store.

　 She waited patiently for the doctor to give her some attention but he was too _41_at this moment. Finally the doctor asked in an _42_ voice: “What do you want? I’m talking to my brother from Chicago _43_ I haven’t seen for ages.”

　 “Well, I want to talk to you about my brother,” “His name is Andrew and he has something bad _44__ inside his head and my Daddy says only a miracle can save him now. So I want to buy a miracle.”

　 “We don’t sell miracles here, little girl. I’m sorry _45_ I can’t help you,” the doctor said. The doctor’s brother was a _46_ man. He _47_ and asked the little girl, “What kind of a miracle does your brother need?” “I don’t know,” Tess replied with her eyes _48_ up.

　 “Mommy says he needs an operation. But my Daddy can’t _49_ it, so I want to use my money.”

“_50_ do you have?” asked the man from Chicago.

　 “One dollar and eleven cents,” Tess answered. “And it’s all the money I have.”

　 “Well, what _51_,” smiled the man, “A dollar and eleven cents — the _52_ price of a miracle for your little brother.”

　　 _53_ was completed _54_ charge and it wasn’t long _55_ Andrew was home again. That well-dressed man was Dr. Carlton Armstrong, a surgeon, specializing in neurosurgery (神经外科医生).　

36. A. That　　　　　　　　　 B. What　　　　　　　　　　　 C. /　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. Which

37. A. short for　　　　　　 B. in short　　　　　　　　　　 C. of short　　　　　　　　　 D. short of

38. A. a miracle　　　　　　 B. a doctor　　　　　　　　　 C. God　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. an operation

39. A. pulled　　　　　　　　 B. poured　　　　　　　　　　 C. pulling　　　　　　　　　　 D. pouring

40. A. made her way　　 B. to make her way　　　 C. making her way　　　 D. make her way

41. A. tired　　　　　　　　　 B. angry　　　　　　　　　　　 C. busy　　　　　　　　　　　 D. exciting

42. A. annoying　　　　　　 B. exciting　　　　　　　　　　 C. annoyed　　　　　　　　　 D. frightening

43. A. whom　　　　　　　　 B. where　　　　　　　　　　　 C. because　　　　　　　　　 D. which

44. A. finding　　　　　　　 B. growing　　　　　　　　　 C. showing　　　　　　　　　 D. appearing

45. A. but　　　　　　　　　　 B. and　　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. so　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. because

46. A.badly-dressed B. poorly-dressed C. well-dressed D. good-dressed

47. A. looked up B. fell down C. stood up D. bent down　

48. A. welling　　　　　　　 B. lightening　　　　　　　　 C. looking　　　　　　　　　　 D. closing

49. A. pay off　　　　　　　 B. pay back　　　　　　　　　 C. pay in　　　　　　　　　　　 D. pay for

50. A. How much　　　　 B. How many　　　　　　　 C. How long　　　　　　　　 D. How soon

51. A. a chance　　　　　　 B. a coincidence　　　　　　 C. a pity　　　　　　　　　　　 D. pleasure

52. A. real　　　　　　　　　　 B. true　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. exact　　　　　　　　　　　 D. obvious

53 A. The treatment　　　 B. The operation　　　　　 C. The disease　　　　　　　 D. The miracle

54. A. with　　　　　　　　　 B. in　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. without　　　　　　　　　 D. free

55. A. after　　　　　　　　　 B. since　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. when　　　　　　　　　　　 D. before

D
Annual holidays have become a luxury and are no longer a staple of family life, according to government research.
A getaway of a week or more is no longer considered essential by many families and is often beyond their reach, said the analysis of what parents and children say they really need. Fashionable clothes for the children, expensive birthday parties and lots of toys are also on the list of luxuries families don’t have to have. Instead, recession-hit parents are thinking of the future, and the things they want for their children centre around learning to behave properly, good education and good health.
Their picture of what a family ought to have includes a space to eat together away from the television, plenty of fruit and vegetables, and bicycles so children can get exercise.
The breakdown of necessities and luxuries was prepared by researchers from the Department for Work and Pensions(DWP) who were trying to establish an up-to-date picture of what parents say they really need.
Their findings show how families have scaled down their expectations in the face of economic difficulties — how parents are now concentrating their attention and money firmly on the long-term interests of their children. Many believe that while it is vital for a family to do things together, day trips or weekend breaks are enough.
Spending on furniture or decorating the house was also considered luxurious, unless the state of the home was so bad it became difficult to invite visitors in.
Instead, researchers said: A family home should have an area where the family can eat together, not on their laps in front of a television. Families should be able to go on outings, overnight trips and possibly short holiday: the fact of being able to share these experiences is more important than the precise activity and its cost.
71. It can be inferred that ______________.
A. a week or more holiday is considered beyond many families’ reach
B. children hardly ever need fashionable clothes and lots of toys
C. what a family should have is basic things that they must have
D. annual holidays were once considered necessary and vital
72. In the opinion of most parents, _____________.
A. families can watch TV together in order to keep up their relationship
B. day trips or weekend breaks are enough for families to share experiences
C. their expectations should be increased in the face of economic difficulties
D. a week’s holiday is an essential minimum during the financial crisis
73. Which of the following is TRUE of the researchers from the DWP?
A. They confirm many families still need at least a week away on holiday each year.
B. They learn it is insignificant for a family to do things with each other regularly.
C. They want to know what parents really need in the face of economic difficulties.
D. They found spending on furniture or decorating the house was thought valuable.
74. We can conclude from the last paragraph____________.
A. being able to share experiences is important for families
B. a family needs at least a week away on holiday each year
C. a family home should have a comfortable area to watch TV
D. going on outings and overnight trips is wasting time for families
75. What does the author mainly discuss in the text?
A. Cycling is very important for children’s health.
B. Family holidays once a year have become a luxury.
C. It is vital for parents to eat together with children.
D. Parents are concerned with children’s future.

The leftovers in the fridge smelled a little unusual, but you ate them. You were so hungry that you didn’t even heat them up. Later, you started to feel sick. Powerful waves of pain rumbled through your stomach. They went away, but not for long, then you even threw up.

   That sounds like the case of food poisoning. No one put poison in your food, but bacteria probably grew in the food in the fridge and those bacteria made you sick. Food poisoning can be mild and last just a short time or can be more serious.

   Food poisoning comes from eating foods that contain germs like bad bacteria, which are poisonous substances. Bacteria are all around us, so mild cases of food poisoning are common. You may have had mild food poisoning with diarrhea and an upset stomach --- but your mom or dad just called it a stomach bug or stomach virus.

   You might think the solution is to get rid of all the bacteria, but it isn’t possible and you wouldn’t want to do it, even if you could. Bacteria are all around us, including food, and sometimes they can be good for you. It’s confusing, but one thing is for sure ---- You can, however, learn how to avoid those bad germs in food.

Foods from animals, raw foods, and unwashed vegetables all can contain germs that cause food poisoning. The most likely source is food from animals, eggs, milk, and shellfish.

To avoid food poisoning, people need to prepare, cook, and store foods properly.

72.   What may mostly cause the food poisoning according to the passage?             

A. Growing bacteria in foods.             B. Eating foods which contain bad germs.

C. Eating foods from the fridge.          D. Eating meat.

73.  According to the passage, if you want to avoid food poisoning, you’d better ______.

   A. wash the foods from the fridge for a long time 

   B. store the foods which do not have bacteria in the fridge

   C. prepare enough foods to avoid bad germs in foods

   D. fully heat up the foods from the fridge even if they aren’t rotten

74. We can infer from the passage?                                            

   A. The solution to food poisoning is to get rid of all the bacteria.

   B. You don’t need to deal with all food poisoning seriously.

   C. It’s easy to find bacteria.

   D. Sometimes your mom or dad don’t care about you.

75. Which is the best title for the passage?                                      

   A. Food poisoning.                                B. What is food poisoning?

   C. Which germs are to blame?                D. You are what you eat.

We often hear people say, “I have a good memory for things like that” or “I can remember names”. But do you know memory is the single most important thing and it has played a very important part?

For early men, there were dangerous all around them----bad weather, wild animals. The keys to keep on living lay in man's ability to remember these dangers and the ways he had dealt with them in the past. In order for memories to be stored, the human brain became more complex. And as man learned how to deal with them, he became civilized（文明）.Surprisingly, scientists today understand little about memory and how it works. They have not yet found a way to open up the brain and observe its function without destroying it. Perhaps there are two types of memory: short-term and long-term. Short-term refers to those facts that stay with us for a few seconds to a few hours. For instance, when you stay at a hotel, you remember the room number and forget as soon as you leave. Long-term memory, on the other hand, means you remember things for a long period of time. If you spend your honeymoon in a particular hotel, it's likely that you'll remember your stay quite clearly.

Scientists also believe that a short-term memory can become a long-term memory through consolidation（巩固）. A lot of chemical and physical changes take place in the part of the brain. Although the human brain weighs three pounds, it contains 30 billion nerve cells（神经细胞）acting like a computer. When those changes strengthen the links（联系）in certain nerve cells, a though becomes a part of the long-term memory.

60. According to the author, without the development of man's memory there would be _____.

A. no modern world         B. no recorded history          C. no animals           D. no dangers

61. Scientists' knowledge about the function of brain is _____.

A. interesting                   B. not enough                      C. great                   D. encouraging

62. Short-term memory can change into long-term memory on condition that _____.

A. memory is good

B. it acts like a computer

C. people do more exercise

D. the links in nerve cells are strengthened by certain changes

63. So far the great discovery scientists have made about the function of brain is _____.

A. the weight of brain                                                   B. two types of memory

C. 30 billion nerve cells                                                 D. chemical and physical changes