In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror or the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun's rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.

　　 According to a weather expert' s prediction, the atmosphere will be 3℃ warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere (北半球), possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth's chief food growing zones.

　　  In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming, in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.

　　  Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.

　　  However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude , therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have gone beyond those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?

　　  One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and "cold" spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates (使旋转), every 27. 5 days, it presents hotter or "colder" faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth's atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also changeable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.

　　  Scientists are now finding shared relations between models of solar weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia (惯性) of the earth's climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful opposed balance to the sun's fading heat .

It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would_________.

   A. mean a warming-up in the Antarctic

   B. raise the temperature of the earth' s surface

C. prevent the sun's rays from reaching the earth's surface

D. explain the cause of  great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere

The article was written to explain ___________.

A. the greenhouse effect

B. the solar effects on the earth

C. the causes affecting weather

D. the models of solar-weather interactions

Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there　seem to be falling. This is__________.

A. mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising

 B. partly due to changes in the output of solar energy

C. possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting

D. only due to the effect of the inertia of the earth' s climate

On the basis of their models, scientists believe the opinion that__________.

A. the climate of the world should be becoming cooler

B. the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect

C. the man-made warming effect helps to increase the solar effects

D. it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth's climate to take effect

If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice age is correct, ____________.

A. ice would soon cover the northern hemisphere

B. the greenhouse effect could work in favor of the earth

C. the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuels

D. the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could warm up the earth even more quickly

   One man was to meet his wife downtown and spend some time shopping with her. He waited   21  for 15 minutes. Then he waited impatiently for 15 minutes more. After that, he became   22  . When he saw a photograph booth (照相亭) nearby, he had   23  . He wore the most unhappy expression he could manage, which was not   24   in the situation. In a few moments, he was holding four small prints that   25   even him.

    He wrote his wife’ s name on the back of the photos and handed them to a  26   behind the desk in the booth. “   27   you see a small, dark lady with brown eyes and an apologetic expression, obviously   28   someone, would you please give her this?”he said. He then   29   his office in Morrison Building,   30   that if a picture is worth a thousand words, then the four photos must be a good   31   ! He sat down with a smile.

    His wife   32   those pictures. She carries them in her purse now and shows them to anyone who asks if she is married

    How are you with   33   ? One person calls it “wait training.” It seems that there is always something we are    34  . We wait on traffic and we wait in lines. We wait to hear about a new job. We wait to complete school. We wait for someone to change his or her mind.

    Patience is an important   35   of a happy and rewarding life.   36   , some things are worth waiting for.   37   presents many opportunities for wait training.

    We can hate waiting,   38   it or even get good at it! But one thing is   39 ——we cannot avoid it. How is your   40   coming along?

21. A. proudly             B. respectfully              C. patiently                         D. curiously

22. A. angry                 B. hungry                    C. frightened                       D. thirsty

23. A. a question                 B. a reason                   C. an opinion                      D. an idea

24. A. serious               B. difficult           C. regular                           D. convenient

25. A. hurt                   B. encouraged        C. attracted                         D. shocked

26. A. clerk                  B. secretary                  C. passer-by                        D. friend

27. A. Since                 B. Before                     C. As                           D. If

28. A. looking for                B. working for         C. sending for                  D. paying for

29. A. called up           B. returned to        C. visited                     D. left

30. A. worried              B. disappointed      C. satisfied                  D. surprised

31. A. description                B. preparation         C. excuse                          D. lecture

32. A. tore                   B. saved                      C. developed                D. destroyed

33. A. your wife                  B. your family             C. patience                   D. determination

34. A. hoping for                 B. waiting for              C. ready for                        D. fit for

35. A. lesson                B. experience          C. purpose                        D. quality

36. A. For example       B. After all                  C. Right now                      D. So far

37. A. Every age                 B. Every shop               C. Every day                       D. Every office

38. A. accept                B. control                    C. change                           D. improve

39. A. certain               B. interesting          C. precious                        D. easy

40. A. photo taking       B. job hunting        C. decision making        D. wait training

One of India's top engineering schools has restricted Internet access in its boarding houses, saying addiction to surfing, gaming and blogging was affecting students' performance, making them lonely and even suicidal.

Authorities at the best Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) in Mumbai said students had stopped socializing and many were late for morning classes or slept through them. "Now, a student doesn't even know who lives two doors away from him because he is so busy on the Internet," said Prakash Gopalan, dean of student affairs. "The old dormitory culture of companionship and socializing among students is gone. This is not healthy in our opinion."

IIT-Mumbai, with about 5,000 students, is one of seven IITs across India which are considered to be among the finest engineering schools in the world. They are also a talent pool for global technology giants. But their hard courses, tough competition and lonely campus lifestyle have taken an effect on students. Depressive and dysfunctional (不正常的) lifestyles are known to be common among IIT students, and at least nine have committed suicide in the past five years. Students have unlimited free Internet access in their boarding houses to help them in their studies, but many also use it to surf, chat, download movies and music, blog and for gaming.

Starting Monday, Internet access will be banned between 11 p.m. and 12.30 p.m. at IIT-Mumbai's 13 boarding buildings to encourage students to sleep early and to try and force them out of their "shells," Gopalan said. But the move has not gone down well with students who say they hate their lives being regulated. "Now they will say we need to listen to a lullaby (摇篮曲) to go to sleep," said Rajiv, an electronics student.

Which of the following is not the possible effect of free Internet access on students?

         A．There has been a decline in students’ lessons.

         B．Participation in social activities has gone down.

         C．Some students feel lonely and even suicidal.

         D．Students don’t even know his classmates.

What measure has been taken in IIT- Mumbai?

         A．Students have unlimited free Internet access in their dormitories.

         B．Students are forbidden to surf the Internet.

         C．Internet access is unavailable in deep night.

         D．Students must go to bed before 11 p.m.

In the passage the students are told to _____.

         A．sleep through their lessons   

         B．break away from the Internet

         C．go to sleep along with music          

         D．stop surfing, make friends

We may infer from the last paragraph that _____.

         A．the banning order causes some complaints among the students

         B．all electronics students hate the banning order

         C．more students prefer listening to music to surfing the Internet

         D．there is no Internet access on the IIT campus even since.

One of the political issues that is heard a lot about in the States lately is campaign（竞选）finance reform（改革）. The people who are  36  for reform usually want the  37  to pay for campaigns and/or limit the amount of money that candidates（候选人）and their  38  can spend.

One reason that reform is called for is that it costs so much to  39  for political office. Candidates have to spend a great deal of time and effort  40  money. The incumbents (those already in office) have less time to do chief jobs since they must  41  so many money raising events.

Another  42  is the fear that candidates will be owned or  43  by the “special interest groups” that give money to their campaigns. Sometimes this certainly seems to be the  44 .

On the  45  side are those who say that it doesn’t mean it’s really  46  just because you call something “reform”. They argue that the right to freedom of speech is  47  if the government can limit anyone’s ability to get his or her message out to the people.

If one person or a group of people want to tell the  48  what they think about an issue or candidate, they have to buy  49  on TV, radio, and in newspapers and magazines. They might want to put up advertisements along highways and on websites. All this costs a lot of  50 .

Those against laws that control or limit spending say that you don’t really have freedom of  51  or freedom of the press if you can’t get your message out. They say the government should never be able to control  52  discussions. They believe that this is most important when the voters are about to make  53 .

What do you think about this  54 ? Listen to what the candidates for national office have to say. Which candidates  55  the most sense to you?

36．A．waiting                   B．calling                    C．standing                  D．preparing

37．A．government            B．president                 C．candidates               D．citizens

38．A．leaders                   B．bosses                     C．supporters               D．states

39．A．pay                        B．compete                  C．wait                       D．work

40．A．raising                    B．earning                   C．giving                    D．getting

41．A．notice                     B．report                     C．guard                            D．attend

42．A．event                      B．cost                        C．reason                    D．office

43．A．encouraged             B．forced                    C．controlled               D．ordered

44．A．joke                       B．purpose                  C．case                        D．example

45．A．other                      B．same                      C．another                   D．different

46．A．worse                     B．better                            C．easier                     D．harder

47．A．meaningless            B．unimportant            C．unnecessary             D．impossible

48．A．reporters                 B．truth                       C．story                      D．public

49．A．time                       B．copies                     C．rights                            D．advertising

50．A．energy                    B．effort                            C．time                       D．money

51．A．argument                B．opinion                   C．speech                    D．election

52．A．common                 B．political                  C．general                   D．special

53．A．profit                            B．trouble                   C．plans                      D．decisions

54．A．quarrel                   B．problem                  C．issue                       D．affair

55．A．find                       B．make                      C．create                     D．produce

In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition (学会) of each new skill in the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.

    Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are severe (严格的) over time of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness.

    As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality (道德). Also, parents should realize that "example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach (说教), their children may grow confused when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.

    A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents' principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.

Eagerly watching the child’s acquisition of new skills_________________.

  A. will make the child lose interest in learning new things

  B. sets up dangerous states of worry in the child

  C. is universal among parents

  D. should be avoided

In the process of children’s learning new skills, parents _________________.

  A. should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read

  B. should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own

  C. should expect a lot of the children

 D. should create as many learning opportunities as possible

The second paragraph mainly tells us that _________________.

  A. parental restrictions vary, and are not always for the benefit of the children alone

 B. parental controls reflect only the values of the community

  C. parents should be strict with their children

  D. it’s parents’ and society’s duty to control the children

The word “precept” in Paragraph 3 probably means “_________________”.

  A. opinion          B. punishment       C. instruction    D. behavior   

In terms of moral matters, parents should _____________________.

  A. follow the rules themselves

  B. be aware of the huge difference between adults and children

  C. always ensure the security of their children

  D. forbid their children to follow hook teachings