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Table Manners in America

美国餐桌礼仪

    吃的礼节在不同的国度存在着明显的差异。如在我们中国家庭做客,主人会盛情款待你;你吃得越多,主人就会越高兴,还不时会给你添菜斟酒。但如果你把国内这些挺有礼貌的习惯带到美国,就可能会被认为不文雅或缺少修养……

    When eating at home with guests or eating outthere are several table manners that are generally observed

    Most meals served in American homes are served “family style” this means that food is placed on platters or in large bowlsand passed around to each person at the tableEach person takes a little food and puts it on his or her plateand then passes the food to the next personIt is OK to ask for second helpings

If you are treating your lady friend to a meal at a nice restaurantit is polite to hold the chair for her while she sits downEach person orders their own food and drinksand it is polite to order items that are similar in price to the host’s orderBefore beginning your mealplace your napkin over your lapand remove it when the meal is completely finished

It is polite to wait until everyone at your table is served before you begin eatingin some instancesit is best to wait until the host begin eatingIt is not polite to rest your elbows on the tableOnly one hand should be on the table for most of the mealunless you need to cut meat or pass somethingAmericans do not chew with their mouths openor speak when their mouths are full of foodWhen drinking alcoholit is impolite to drink too much or get drunkIf you do not drinkyou will usually not be pressured to do soand you should likewise not pressure others to drink with you

    Notes

    platter n.大浅盘         napkin n.餐巾

instance  n.例子          lap n.膝上

elbow  n.肘部          alcohol  n.酒;含酒精的饮料

likewise  adv.同样;也

Comprehension questions

1In Americait is good manners _______when eating in a nice restaurant.

Ato order items that are similar in price to the host's order

Bto eat as much as you can

Cto put your elbows on the table

Dto eat and eat until only a little food remains on the table

2When eating outit is polite _______

Afor you to order food and drinks for everyone

Bto put your napkin on the table

Cto speak with your mouth full of food

Dfor everyone to order his or her own food and drinks

3When drinking alcohol_______

Ayou can put both your hands on the table

Byou can chew with your mouths open

Cyou should not drink too much or get drunk

Dyou are welcome to drink much or get drunk

 

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阅读理解

Table Manners in America

美国餐桌礼仪

    吃的礼节在不同的国度存在着明显的差异。如在我们中国家庭做客,主人会盛情款待你;你吃得越多,主人就会越高兴,还不时会给你添菜斟酒。但如果你把国内这些挺有礼貌的习惯带到美国,就可能会被认为不文雅或缺少修养……

    When eating at home with guests or eating outthere are several table manners that are generally observed

    Most meals served in American homes are served “family style” this means that food is placed on platters or in large bowlsand passed around to each person at the tableEach person takes a little food and puts it on his or her plateand then passes the food to the next personIt is OK to ask for second helpings

If you are treating your lady friend to a meal at a nice restaurantit is polite to hold the chair for her while she sits downEach person orders their own food and drinksand it is polite to order items that are similar in price to the host’s orderBefore beginning your mealplace your napkin over your lapand remove it when the meal is completely finished

It is polite to wait until everyone at your table is served before you begin eatingin some instancesit is best to wait until the host begin eatingIt is not polite to rest your elbows on the tableOnly one hand should be on the table for most of the mealunless you need to cut meat or pass somethingAmericans do not chew with their mouths openor speak when their mouths are full of foodWhen drinking alcoholit is impolite to drink too much or get drunkIf you do not drinkyou will usually not be pressured to do soand you should likewise not pressure others to drink with you

    Notes

    platter n.大浅盘         napkin n.餐巾

instance  n.例子          lap n.膝上

elbow  n.肘部          alcohol  n.酒;含酒精的饮料

likewise  adv.同样;也

Comprehension questions

1In Americait is good manners _______when eating in a nice restaurant.

Ato order items that are similar in price to the host's order

Bto eat as much as you can

Cto put your elbows on the table

Dto eat and eat until only a little food remains on the table

2When eating outit is polite _______

Afor you to order food and drinks for everyone

Bto put your napkin on the table

Cto speak with your mouth full of food

Dfor everyone to order his or her own food and drinks

3When drinking alcohol_______

Ayou can put both your hands on the table

Byou can chew with your mouths open

Cyou should not drink too much or get drunk

Dyou are welcome to drink much or get drunk

 

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完形填空。
     Ella is my best friend and we are neighbors. She was, at one time,a(n)    1   person. She was busy all
the time. She taught in a school for a time, worked   2   in local politics to discuss environmental policies in
her area,and volunteered in many other places.
     I remember a time when Ella took out her wallet and wrote a check for a woman who had no rent
money and was    3    getting kicked out of the house. When I was   4    my most painful times, Ella was
    5    there beside me.
      Then some time later,Ella had an accident that   6   major brain injury. She then unluckily   7    her
career and most of her abilities to care for   8    herself. Despite the severe (严重的)     9   , Ella has been
able to live    10   11 years. But her condition is    11    by diabetes (糖尿病), which has been with her
since youth. She has been    12   with the situation and is in her sixties now.
     I received a call the other day,telling me that   13   Ella must now have an operation on one leg. She
doesn't   14   from her old illness. This situation has been caused by foot sores (疮) that have   15   her a
lot for the last 3 to 4 years. Her sister is living in the house with her,as well as both of their husbands.  16 ,
age and medical problems make it very   17   for the four of them to manage.
     I     18    a train ticket last night to go to her home.I will be there soon.I'm sure I will be  19   to them
during this very hard time. I really enjoy doing small acts of  20  . If I can make a difference to somebody's
life,my work is done.
(     )1. A. funny            
(     )2. A. enthusiastically
(     )3. A. in control of    
(     )4. A. putting forward  
(     )5. A. never            
(     )6. A. put off          
(     )7. A.lost              
(     )8. A. ever            
(     )9. A. pain            
(     )10. A. healthy        
(     )11. A. replaced        
(     )12. A. starting        
(     )13. A. unfortunately  
(     )14. A. break          
(     )15. A. confused        
(     )16. A. After all      
(     )17. A. difficult      
(     )18. A. booked          
(     )19. A. patient        
(     )20. A. customs        
B. active        
B. completely    
B. aware of      
B. giving up    
B. right        
B. came from    
B. enjoyed      
B. even          
B. stomach      
B. additional    
B. affected      
B. studying      
B. obviously    
B. benefit      
B. troubled      
B. However      
B. easy          
B. missed        
B. great        
B. panic        
C. lonely        
C. carefully      
C. regardless of  
C. going through  
C. seldom        
C. turned out    
C. gained        
C. still          
C. headache      
C. unhappy        
C. simplified    
C. struggling    
C. suddenly      
C. suffer        
C. pleased        
C. So far        
C. comfortable    
C.left            
C. ready          
C. kindness      
D. strange          
D. hard              
D.in danger of      
D. looking through  
D. nearly            
D. resulted in      
D. continued        
D. thus              
D. stroke            
D. quick            
D. suggested        
D. talking          
D. unreasonably      
D. heal              
D. relaxed          
D. Therefore        
D. careful          
D. considered        
D. helpful          
D. manners          

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What's your favorite color? Do you like yellow, orange, or red? If you do, you must be an optimist(乐观者 ), a leader, a(n) 1________ person who enjoy life, people and 2________ . Do you prefer grays and blues? Then you are probably quiet, 3________, and you would rather follow than 4________. You tend to be a pessimist (悲观者 ). 5________, this is what experts tell us, and they 6________ know, because they have been seriously 7________ the meaning of color preference, as well as the 8________ that colors have on human beings. They tell us, among other facts, that we do not 9________ our favorite color as we grow up-we are 10________ with our preference.

Colors do affect the state of our 11________ -there is no 12________ about it. A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more 13________ than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the 14________ winter day. On the other hand, 15________ often makes people sad and low in 16________. A black bridge over Thames River used to be the 17________ of more suicides(自杀 ) than any other bridge in the area 18________ it was repainted green. The number of suicides 19________ fell sharply. It is a fact that factory workers have fewer 20________ when their machines are painted orange rather than black.

1. A. famous B. active C. important D. great

2. A. knowledge B. happiness C. imagination D. excitement

3. A. shy B. curious C. rough D. strange

4. A. fight B. lead C. remove D. argue

5. A. At least B. As a result C. In all D. In a word

6. A. would B. must C. should D. might

7. A. searching B. supporting C. studying D. explaining

8. A. relation B. effect C. information D. result

9. A. improve B. introduce C. prevent D. choose

10. A. raise B. brought C. satisfied D. born

11. A. lives B. minds C. bodies D. feelings

12. A. doubt B. question C. problem D. fault

13. A. energetic B. happy C. calm D. excited

14. A. hardest B. worst C. saddest D. longest

15. A. white B. yellow C. black D. green

16. A. powers B. energies C. manners D. spirits

17. A. sign B. scene C. camp D. passage

18. A. so B. and C. but D. until

19. A. immediately B. particularly C. regularly D. extremely

20. A. adventures B. punishments C. mistakes D. accidents

 

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Visitors to Britain may experience local culture in a traditional pub. But for a stranger visiting the country, these friendly pubs can be traps of potential bad manners for the uneducated.

A team of researchers have released some of the hidden customs of British pubs. Most people would like to start with getting a drink when meeting with difficulties. Most pubs have no waiters and as a result, you yourself have to go to the bar to buy drinks. A group of Italian youths wait 45 minutes before they realize they would have to fetch their own. This may sound inconvenient, but there is a hidden purpose.

Pub culture is designed to promote communication in a society known for its quietness. Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat with others waiting to be served. The bar counter is possibly the only site in the British Isles in which friendly conversation with strangers is considered entirely appropriate and really quite normal behaviour.

"If you haven't been to a pub, you haven't been to Britain. " This tip can be found in a booklet The Tourists' Guide to Pub Etiquette (礼节), which can be seen as a "passport" to the pub for those wanting to know about "a central part of British life and culture". The trouble is that if you do not follow the local rules, the experience may fall flat. For example, if you are in a big group, it is best if only one or two people go to buy the drinks. Nothing annoys the regular customers and bar staffs more than a crowd of strangers blocking all access to the bar while they chat and argue about what to order.

1.Why is the British pub the best place to experience local cultures?

A. Because it is a potential place for all the educated to gather

B. Because it is a traditional place with a lot of local strangers

C. Because the educated can relax themselves entirely there

D. Because you can meet different kinds of local people there

2.If you want to have a drink in a pub, you can       .

A. go to get the drinks yourself                  B. wait for the waiters to come

C. wait in line for 45 minutes                    D. bring some homemade drinks

3.The author introduces the British pub in a(n)        tone.

A. critical            B. admiring            C. neutral            D. concerned

4.What might annoy others in a pub?

A. Going to pub in a big group               B. Chatting about what to order

C. Standing in the way to the bar                 D. Buying drinks at the counter

 

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