Where on Earth are you? Navigators (导航员) use lines of latitude and lines of longitude to locate places. Lines of latitude run east and west around Earth. On a map or globe, these lines appear as running sideways or horizontally. Lines of longitude run north and south around Earth. These lines go up and down or vertically on a map or globe. These lines create an imaginary graph paper on the Earth. They make it possible to find an absolute, or exact, location on Earth. They even allow us to give an absolute location to a place out in the middle of the ocean.

Lines of latitude tell us how far north or south of the Equator we are. Sailors have used primitive navigation tools, like astrolabes, since ancient times. The astrolabe uses the sun and stars to find an approximate location. Using such tools, they have been able to approximate their distance from the equator. Although their instruments may not have been the high quality we have now, they were incredibly accurate (精确) for their time.

Lines of longitude tell us how far east or west of the prime meridian (本初子午线) we are. Sailors constantly looked for new ways to increase their navigation skills. Still, it wasn’t until the 18th century that they were able to measure degrees of longitude. They would have been very envious of the technology available to us today.

When we use lines of latitude and longitude together, we can get a very precise location. If we want to identify the absolute location of a point, we look where the latitude and longitude lines cross nearest to that point. We use the coordinates (坐标) for that point as its address. Many maps today include degrees of latitude and longitude.

1.______ make it possible for people to find an exact place on Earth.

A．Latitudes          B．Longitudes         C．Navigators         D．Sailors

2.The second paragraph mainly talks about _______.

A．the function of latitude                   B．the use of the equator

C．the invention of astrolabe                 D．the high quality instruments

3. Why do maps include degrees of latitude and longitude?

A．To help trade expeditions.                 B．To locate a precise place.

C．To cross the lines of the nearest point.       D．To identify how far a place is.

4.The best title for this passage is ____________.

A．The map and the globe                   B．Latitude and longitude

C．The equator and the prime meridian         D．Absolute coordinates

       History books tell us that the city of Rome was set up in 152 B.C..It’s a fact, however, that by
100 A.D., Rome was the center of a big empire（帝国）.It was from Syria in the east to Spain in the west, from Britain in the north to Africa in the south. All or part of 27 of today’s countries were included in the Roman Empire. All of their people were ruled by one government, that of Rome. All educated people spoke the same language, Latin. And one of the empire’s outposts（前哨）was called Londinium. This unimportant town would later become London, England, and the center of another empire.
The Roman Empire came to an end about 1500 years ago. Yet in some ways it is still with us. Take the letters you are reading, for example, English, like many other languages, uses the Roman alphabet（字母）while also borrowing many words. The laws of many European countries are based on ancient Roman laws. Roman ruins are seen throughout Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. In some places, Roman roads and water courses are still in use. To this day, and European in North Africa is likely to be called“Roumi”—Roman. Even modern place names are often after Ancient Rome. Both Greece and Germany have the names given by the Romans rather than the names that their own people first called them.
67．The most northern part of the Roman Empire was       .
A．Spain       B．Africa      C．Syria D．Britain
68．The main idea of paragraph 2 is that Roman culture is       .
A．dead and gone         B．based completely on language
C．still part of the present    D．unimportant to history
69．In the days of the Empire, the Roman government was probably       .
A．strong      B．divided     C．weak D．poor
70．What happened first?
A．Londinium was an outpost      B．The Roman Empire fell apart
C．The city of Rome was founded       D．London became the center of an empire
71．Which of the following is not true?
A．In Europe people still use Roman names in some places.
B．Londinium became the center of an empire after Roman Empire fell apart.
C．We may see some remaining parts of Roman Empire in North Africa.
D．In Europe 27 countries had the same laws.

阅读理解

　　Pineapple（菠萝）grows well in the tropical （热带的）part of our country. When you go to Hainan Island, you will see much of it.

　　The pineapple doesn't grow on trees, as some fruit does. It grows up from the ground. The tops may be cut off and planted. The pineapple plant grows to about two feet.

　　The pineapple looks like a large pine cone（球果）. It has a hard, brown covering. Its leaves have points. Inside it is yellow and juicy. The middle part is hard, and is not used for canning（罐装）. But middle part is sweet! Next time you have fresh pineapples, try a piece of the hard middle.

　　Canned or fresh, the pineapple is a good fruit to eat.

1．Pineapple grows well in the ________ of our country.

[　　]

2．Pineapple is a kind of ________.

[　　]

3．We can eat ________ pineapple on Hainan Island.

[　　]

4．The hard middle part of pineapple is used for ________.

[　　]

5．The passage above is about ________.

[　　]

阅读理解

　　Pineapple（菠萝）grows well in the tropical （热带的）part of our country. When you go to Hainan Island, you will see much of it.

　　The pineapple doesn't grow on trees, as some fruit does. It grows up from the ground. The tops may be cut off and planted. The pineapple plant grows to about two feet.

　　The pineapple looks like a large pine cone（球果）. It has a hard, brown covering. Its leaves have points. Inside it is yellow and juicy. The middle part is hard, and is not used for canning（罐装）. But middle part is sweet! Next time you have fresh pineapples, try a piece of the hard middle.

　　Canned or fresh, the pineapple is a good fruit to eat.

1．Pineapple grows well in the ________ of our country.

[　　]

2．Pineapple is a kind of ________.

[　　]

3．We can eat ________ pineapple on Hainan Island.

[　　]

4．The hard middle part of pineapple is used for ________.

[　　]

5．The passage above is about ________.

[　　]