D
Are you afraid of sharks? You shouldn’t be! Below we cleared up the main myths about one of the world’s most perfectly formed creatures …
All sharks are the same.
This is absolutely not true. There are nearly four hundred species of sharks and they vary widely in habitat, size, features, diet and lifestyle. They range from the cigar shark, which is about 15 centimetres long, to the whale shark, which can be up to about nine meters long. More than 50 percent of sharks are less than a metre long and more than 90 percent are less than two metres long. And their habitat ranges from shallow to deep water and from the Arctic to the Tropic.
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This is not true, either. In fact, many shark populations are decreasing. The chief reason for this is that hundreds of thousands of them are caught in fishing nets. Depending on where they are caught. They are either killed for their fins(鳍), which are used in shark’s fin soup, or they are tossed back into the sea because they are unwanted. Almost all sharks which are discarded in this way die. Also, sharks mature late in life and produce very few young. If the current reduction in numbers continues, the ecological balance of the oceans will be severely threatened.
Sharks will always attack you
This is nonsense. The chances of being attacked by a shark are minimal. You are 250 times more likely to be killed by lightning than by a shark, and your chances of being killed by lightning are practically zero.
However, if you are planning to take a swim in shark territory, then follow these simple rules:
Avoid swimming at dawn or duck when visibility decreases.
Avoid areas where there are breaking waves. Turbulent(汹涌的) water makes it difficult for sharks to see and determine whether you are prey(猎物).
Do not wear jewellery in the water. Sharks are attracted to shiny fishes, and jewellery may resemble their scales(鳞片).
Do not swim near schools of small fish, which are the favorite food of some sharks.
68. The underlined word “myths” in the first paragraph means ____.
A. an idea or story that many people believe but which is not true   
B. something that is impossible to understand or explain or about which little is known
C. a feeling of surprise        
D. something that you are curious to know 
69. From the passage we can learn sharks ____.
A. look alike B. are dangerous   
C. usually live in deep sea    D. hardly attack people
70. Which of the following is proper for the blank in the third paragraph?
A. Sharks’ fin soup is nutritious                
B. There are too many sharks in the sea
C. Many shark populations are decreasing  
D. Sharks produce many young
71. Which of the following rules should you follow when you’re going to swim in shark areas?
A. Don’t swim before day breaks.              
B. Choose areas where there are big waves.
C. Wear something shiny when swimming.
D. Choose areas where there are many small fish.

C
The questions of what children learn, and how they should learn it, is continually being debated and reheated. Nobody dares any longer to defend the old system, the parrot – fashion (way of learning by repeating what others say) of learning lessons, the grammar with a whip system，which was good enough for our grandparents．The theories of modern psychology have stepped into argue that we must understand the needs of children．Children are not just small adults；they are children who must be respected as such．
Well，you may say，this is as it should be，and a good idea．But think further．What happens?
‘Education’ becomes the responsibility not of teachers, but of psychologists．What happens then? Teachers worry too much about the psychological implications of their lessons，and forget about the subjects themselves．If a child dislikes a lesson，the teacher feels that it is his fault，not the child’s. So teachers worry whether history is ‘relevant’ to modem young children．And do they dare to recount stories about violent battles? Or will this make the children themselves violent? Can they tell their classes about children of different races，or will this encourage racial hatred? Why teach children to write grammatical sentences? Verbal expression is better．Sums? Arithmetic? No：real—life mathematical situations are more understandable．
You see．you can go too far．Influenced by educational theorists，who have nothing better to do than write books about their ideas，teachers leave their teacher—training colleges filled with grand，psychological ideas about children and their needs. They make complicated preparations and try out their ‘modern methods’ on the long – suffering children. Since one ‘modern method’ rapidly replaces another, the poor kids will have well been fed up by the time they leave school. frequently the modern methods are so complicated that they fail to be understood by the teachers, let alone the children; even more often, the relaxed discipline so necessary for the ‘informal’ feeling the class must have, prevents all but a handful of children from learning anything.
63．Under the old system, children were           .
A．made to learn passively                        B．good enough to their grandparents
C．made to learn actively                          D．understood and respected by teachers
64．What happens when teachers pay too much attention to the psychological implications during a lesson?
A．They find that children dislike the lessons.
B．They worry too much about history, stories, racial hatred, grammar and arithmetic.
C．They don’t pay enough attention to what students are learning.
D．They tend to blame students for their failure in teaching.
65．How do you understand the underlined sentence at the end of the passage?
A．Children will learn well in a relaxed classroom atmosphere.
B．Few children will actually learn when there is no discipline.
C．Relaxed discipline is necessary for children to develop.
D．No children will learn anything without strict discipline.
66．What is the author’s attitude toward the theories of modern psychology?
A．Indifferent (不关心的).                       B．Tolerant (容忍的).
C．Supportive (支持的).                           D．Critical (批评的).

A rich man was camping alone on a hill. One day it began to rain and the rain made the tent wet.

At last he 1 make his way home. As he passed a beautiful house he 2 to look for rest. A lady in 3 

walked past him with her 4 holding up high. Following her were her two pretty daughters. They

stopped and stared at him  5  .

“Who are you? We don’t like tramps（流浪汉）going around 6 our home .”one of them shouted.

“Go away at once. ”cried the other.

“But I’m not a  7 . ”said the man, “All I want is food and stay for the night.”

“How 8 you come here? Go away at once!” they 9 “We don’t like your feet around our house.

Go, go!”

The man moved on and reached a  10 house. On entering it he saw a 11   preparing their

supper. Though the light was 12 and the furniture was poor, it made him feel 13  and comfortable.

“Can I have some 14   and rest for the night?” he asked. “Of course, friend,” said the woman,

bringing forward a little chair for him. “We are going to15 our supper. Come and 16 us.”

The food was not  17 but they shared it with the stranger. That night they let him sleep on their

bed  18  they themselves used the stable（厩）. Early the next morning, the man said good-bye to them. Their   19  left him a memory full of thanks.

When he reached home he   20  ordered a lovely house to be built for the couple in the woods.

1.                A．had to          B．must           C．should   D．would

2.                A．tried           B．managed        C．asked    D．stopped

3.                A．sight           B．cloth           C．silk  D．trouble

4.                A．nose           B．head           C．eyes D．hands

5.                A．curiously        B．suddenly        C．surprisingly    D．angrily

6.                A．around         B．over           C．to   D．at

7.                A．madam         B．tramp          C．thief D．stranger

8.                A．do            B．can            C．will  D．dare

9.                A．explained       B．continued       C．repeated D．announced

10.               A．big            B．small           C．lovely D．dirty

11.               A．woman         B．man           C．person    D．couple

12.               A．weak          B．bright          C．dark  D．strong

13.               A．sad            B．cold           C．warm D．clean

14.               A．cloth          B．food           C．light  D．chair

15.               A．prepare        B．cook           C．buy  D．have

16.               A．join           B．help           C．attend D．enjoy

17.               A．enough        B．scary          C．short D．lot

18.               A．and           B．while          C．then  D．when

19.               A．coldness        B．sickness        C．kindness   D．thank

20.               A．quickly         B．finally          C．happily    D．quietly

C

    The questions of what children learn, and how they should learn it, is continually being debated and reheated. Nobody dares any longer to defend the old system, the parrot – fashion (way of learning by repeating what others say) of learning lessons, the grammar with a whip system，which was good enough for our grandparents．The theories of modern psychology have stepped into argue that we must understand the needs of children．Children are not just small adults；they are children who must be respected as such．

Well，you may say，this is as it should be，and a good idea．But think further．What happens?

‘Education’ becomes the responsibility not of teachers, but of psychologists．What happens then? Teachers worry too much about the psychological implications of their lessons，and forget about the subjects themselves．If a child dislikes a lesson，the teacher feels that it is his fault，not the child’s. So teachers worry whether history is ‘relevant’ to modem young children．And do they dare to recount stories about violent battles? Or will this make the children themselves violent? Can they tell their classes about children of different races，or will this encourage racial hatred? Why teach children to write grammatical sentences? Verbal expression is better．Sums? Arithmetic? No：real—life mathematical situations are more understandable．

    You see．you can go too far．Influenced by educational theorists，who have nothing better to do than write books about their ideas，teachers leave their teacher—training colleges filled with grand，psychological ideas about children and their needs. They make complicated preparations and try out their ‘modern methods’ on the long – suffering children. Since one ‘modern method’ rapidly replaces another, the poor kids will have well been fed up by the time they leave school. frequently the modern methods are so complicated that they fail to be understood by the teachers, let alone the children; even more often, the relaxed discipline so necessary for the ‘informal’ feeling the class must have, prevents all but a handful of children from learning anything.

63．Under the old system, children were           .

      A．made to learn passively   B．good enough to their grandparents

       C．made to learn actively     D．understood and respected by teachers

64．What happens when teachers pay too much attention to the psychological implications during a lesson?

       A．They find that children dislike the lessons.

       B．They worry too much about history, stories, racial hatred, grammar and arithmetic.

       C．They don’t pay enough attention to what students are learning.

       D．They tend to blame students for their failure in teaching.

65．How do you understand the underlined sentence at the end of the passage?

       A．Children will learn well in a relaxed classroom atmosphere.

       B．Few children will actually learn when there is no discipline.

       C．Relaxed discipline is necessary for children to develop.

       D．No children will learn anything without strict discipline.

66．What is the author’s attitude toward the theories of modern psychology?

       A．Indifferent (不关心的).  B．Tolerant (容忍的).

       C．Supportive (支持的).      D．Critical (批评的).

We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change for I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forbears (ancestors) prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.
The world is very different now, for man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forbears fought are still at issue around the globe, the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state but from the hand of God. We dare not forget today that we are the heirs（继承人）of that first revolution.
Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe (enemy) alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage and unwilling to disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage and unwilling to disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.
Let every nation know whether it wishes us well or ill that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty. This much we pledge (promise solemny) and more.
In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. I do not shrink from this responsibility. I welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.
And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. My fellow citizens of the world ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the Freedom of Man.
Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God’s work must truly be our own.
【小题1】What should friends and foes know?