Children who drink alcohol with their parents are less likely to become problem boozers (狂饮者)in later life, a recent report claimed yesterday.

The survey of 10,000 teens aged 15 and 16 found 75 per cent have drunk alcohol - but those who do it in moderation(适度地)at home are less likely to go on binges(狂饮).

On the other hand, the findings contradict a recent call from charity Alcohol Concern for parents. Prof Mark Bellis, of Liverpool John Moores University, told Radio 4's Today programme that this would only make matters worse.

He said: "The key points are around people understanding alcohol, learning about alcohol, being set a good example by parents. Something that criminalises(宣布有罪) the parent is likely to stop these things happening."

Teenagers who bought their own alcohol outside the home were also more likely to develop problems such as drinking in public places, the report found. It advised parents to keep pocket money below ??10 a week.

Prof Bellis, whose team carried out the survey in schools in the North West, added: "By the age of 14 the majority are drinking.

"The question is, are they learning in a proper environment or learning behind the bushes in a park or in a bar?

"The chances are if they are in the latter position, they are learning to binge drink easily."

Which of the followings is Right according to the passage?

   A. The report says children who drink alcohol with their parents can become boozers in later life easily.

B. Prof Mark Bellis thinks the findings help to prevent binge drink

C. Children learn to binge drink in a proper environment as well as in a bad situation.

D. Prof Mark Bellis thinks that parents should be a good model for children

The best title of the passage would probably be_______.

A．Home Drink Kids don’t Binge

B. A Recent Report on problem boozers

C. Parents are a good example for children

D. The prevention of binge drink

The underlined word “contradict” in the third paragraph probably means________.

A. disagree with       B. agree with 

C. think well of        D. explain clearly

According to Prof Mark Bellis, in which situation do

children learn to binge drink most easily?

A. they are 14 years old.

   B. they drink alcohol with parents

   C. they are in uncontrolled and free position

   D. they are in a proper environment

Prof Bellis thinks the most important to deal with the

problem is ________.

   A. examples and understanding

   B. education and punishment  

   C. lowering pocket money

   D. set up law and advice centres

Even as Americans have been gaining weight, they have cut their average fat intake from 36 to 34 percent of their total diets in the past 15 years.  And indeed,  cutting fat  to control or lose weight makes sense. Fat has nine calories per gram. Protein and carbohydrates（碳水化合物） have just four. Moreover, the body uses fewer calories to metabolize fat than it does to metabolize other foods. Compared with protein and carbohydrates — which break down into amino acids and simple sugars, respectively, and can be used to strengthen and energize the body —— dietary fat is more easily converted to body fat. Therefore, it’s more likely to stay on buttocks, thighs and bellies.? 

But cutting fat from your diet doesn’t necessarily mean your body won’t store fat. For example, between nonfat and regular cookies, there’s trivial difference in calories because manufacturers make up for the loss of fat by adding sugar. Low-fat crackers, soups and dressings can also be just as high in calories as richer versions. No matter where the calories come from, overeating will still cause weight again. The calories from fat just do it a little quicker. A Wisconsin computer programmer who decided with a diet coach to eat only 40 grams of fat a day learned the lesson firsthand. He wasn’t losing weight. Then he showed his food diary to his coach and revealed he’d been eating half a pound of jelly beans a day. “They don’t have any fat,” he explains. But they had enough sugar to keep him from shedding an ounce. ? 

Nonfat foods become add-on foods. When we add them to our diet, we actually increase the number of calories we eat per day and gain weight. That was borne out in a Pennsylvania State University study. For breakfast, Prof. Barbara Rolls gave two groups of women yogurt（酵母乳） that contained exactly the same amount of calories. One group’s yogurt label said “high fat”—the other, “low fat.” The “low fat” yogurt group ate significantly more calories later in the day than the other group. “People think they’ve saved fat and can indulge themselves later in the day with no adverse consequences,” says Richard Mattes, a nutrition researcher at Purdue University. “But when they do that, they don’t compensate very precisely, and they often end up overdoing it.”

What lessons did the computer programme learn ?

A. Overeating will cause weight gain

B. He can eat half a pound of jellybeans a day

C. He can’t didn’t eat any fat

D. His coach gave him a lecture

Prof. Barbara’s ecperiement proved that _______________.

A. two groups ate the same amount of calories

B. two groups ate the same wmount of yogurt

C. the “ low fat” yogurt group ate more calories later in the day than the other group

D. people increase the number of calories they eat per day and gain group

According to the author ,________has less calories.

A. fat                      

B. protein and carbohydrates

C. low-fat soups             

D. sugar

What can you infer from the text ?

A. To keep from being overweight, people have to eat nofat food

B. The calories from fat just do it a little quicker than from protein and carbohydrates

C. People should avoid temptation

D. Americans realize that it is necessary to count calories before eating the food

There was great excitement on the planet of Venus(金星) this week. For the first time Venusian scientists managed to land a satellite on the planet Earth, and it has been sending back signals as well as photographs ever since.

The satellite was directed into an area known as Manhattan (named after the great Venusian astronomer Prof. Manhattan, who first discovered it with his telescope 20000 light years ago).

Because of excellent weather conditions and extremely strong signals, Venusian scientists were able to get valuable information as to feasibility (可行性) of a manned flying saucer (碟) landing on Earth. A press conference was held at the Venus Institute of Technology.

“We have come to the conclusion, based on last week’s satellite landing,” Prof. Zog said, “that there is no life on Earth.”

“How do you know this?” the science reporter of the Venus Evening Star asked.

“For one thing, Earth’s surface in the area of Manhattan is made up of solid concrete and nothing can grow there. For another, the atmosphere is filled with carbon monoxide (一氧化碳) and other deadly gases and nobody could possibly breathe this air and survive.”

“What does this mean as far as our flying saucer program is concerned?”

“We shall have to take our own oxygen with us, which means a much heavier flying saucer than originally planned.”

“Are there any other dangers that you discovered in your studies?”

“Take a look at this photo. You see this dark black cloud hovering(盘旋) over the surface of Earth? We don’t know what it is made of, but it could give us a lot of trouble and we shall have further tests before we send a Venus Being there.”

“Over here you will notice what seems to be a river, but the satellite findings indicates it is polluted and the water is unfit to drink. This means we shall have to carry our own water, which will add even greater weight to the saucer.”

“If all you say is true, won’t this set back the flying saucer program several years?”

“Yes, but we shall continue as soon as the Grubstart gives us the added funds.” Prof. Zog replied.

During the week of great excitement the Venusian scientists succeeded in getting important information as to ____.

A. the feasibility of landing a satellite on Earth

B. the possibility of making a first-rate flying saucer

C. the feasibility of sending a Venus Being to Earth

D. the possibility of directing a flying saucer into Manhattan

According to Prof. Zog, the Venusians will have to take their own oxygen with them when they carry out their flying saucer program because ____.

A. they need it in their way to the planet of Earth

B. the Earth’s atmosphere is filled with deadly gases

C. there is a low level of oxygen for Venusians

D. there is no air on the planet of Earth

The “dark black cloud” on the photo refers to ____.

A. the polluted air hovering over the surface of Earth

B. the mass of tiny drops of water floating above Earth

C. the mass of small things moving through the air

D. the dark clouds gathering before a storm breaks

The author wishes to call our attention to the fact that ____.

A. that modern man has polluted his environment to such an extend that he might destroy himself if he went on like this

B. that there is a point in spending billions to land a flying saucer on Earth

C. that pollution has become so serous a problem on Earth that even Venusians find life there unbearable.

D. that it is difficult if not altogether impossible, to land a manned flying saucer on Earth.

There was great excitement on the planet of Venus (金星) . Venusian scientists managed to land a satellite on the planet Earth, and it has been sending back signals as well as photographs ever since.

The satellite was directed into an area known as Manhattan, named after the great Venusian astronomer Professor. Manhattan, who first discovered it with his telescope 20000 light years ago.

Because of excellent weather conditions and extremely strong signals, Venusian scientists were able to get valuable information as to feasibility (可行性) of a manned flying saucer landing on Earth. A press conference was held at the Venus Institute of Technology.

"We have come to the conclusion, based on last week's satellite landing," Prof. Zog said, "that there is no life on Earth."

"How do you know this?" the science reporter of the Venus Evening Star asked.

"For one thing, Earth's surface in the area of Manhattan is made up of solid concrete and nothing can grow there. For another, the atmosphere is filled with carbon monoxide (一氧化碳) and other deadly gases and nobody could possibly breathe this air and survive."

"What does this mean as far as our flying saucer program is concerned?"

"We shall have to take our own oxygen with us, which means a much heavier flying saucer than originally planned."

"Are there any other dangers that you discovered in your studies?"

"Take a look at this photo. You see this dark black cloud hovering (盘旋) over the surface of Earth? We don't know what it is made of, but it could give us a lot of trouble and we shall have further tests before we send a Venus Being there."

"Over here you will notice what seems to be a river, but the satellite findings indicates it is polluted and the water is unfit to drink. This means we shall have to carry our own water, which will add even greater weight to the saucer."

"If all you say is true, won't this set back the flying saucer program several years?"

"Yes, but we shall continue as soon as the Grubstart gives us the added funds(资金)." Profession. Zog replied.

1.According to the passage, the Venusian scientists succeeded in getting important information about _____.

A. the feasibility of landing a satellite on Earth

B. the possibility of making a first-rate flying saucer

C. the feasibility of sending a Venus Being to Earth

D. the possibility of directing a flying saucer into Manhattan 

2.Why will the Venusian have to take their own oxygen with them when they carry out their flying saucer program because _____. 

A. they need it in their way to the planet of Earth

B. the Earth's atmosphere is filled with deadly gases

C. there is a low level of oxygen for Venusians

D. there is no air on the planet of Earth 

3.It can be inferred from the passage that ______. 

A. landing a manned flying saucer on Earth will be carried out soon

B. Venusians will land on Earth to help to stop serious pollution

C. it’s unnecessary to land a manned flying  saucer on Earth at present

D. pollution on Earth makes it impossible for Venusians to survive there

4.Where can you probably read such a passage?. 

A. In a popular magazine.          B. In a fairy tale.

C. In an observation journal        D. In science fiction

Ocean Acidification: 'Evil Twin' Threatens World's Oceans
The rise in human emissions of carbon dioxide is driving dangerous changes in the chemistry and ecosystems of the world's oceans, international marine（海洋的）scientists have warned. "Ocean conditions are already more extreme than those experienced by marine organisms and ecosystems for millions of years," says the latest issue of the journal Trends in Ecology and Evolution. "This emphasizes the urgent need to adopt policies that markedly reduce CO2 emissions."
Ocean acidification, which the researchers call the 'evil twin of global warming', is caused when the CO2 emitted by human activity, mainly burning fossil fuels, dissolves into the oceans. It is happening independently of, but in combination with, global warming. Evidence gathered by scientists over the last few years suggests that ocean acidification could represent an equal -- or perhaps even greater threat -- to the biology of our planet than global warming. More than 30% of the CO2 released from burning fossil fuels, cement production, deforestation and other human activities goes straight into the oceans, turning them gradually more acidic.
"The resulting acidification will impact many forms of sea life, especially organisms whose shells or skeletons are made from calcium carbonate（碳化钙）, like corals and shellfish. It may interfere with the reproduction of plankton species which are a vital part of the food web on which fish and all other sea life depend," he adds.
The scientists say there is now persuasive evidence that mass extinctions in past Earth history, like the "Great Dying" of 251 million years ago and another wipeout 55 million years ago, were accompanied by ocean acidification, which may have delivered the deathblow to many species that were unable to cope with it. "These past periods can serve as great lessons of what we can expect in the future, if we continue to push the acidity the ocean even further" said lead author, Dr. Carles Pelejero, from ICREA and the Marine Science Institute of CSIC in Barcelona, Spain. "Given the impacts we see in the fossil record, there is no question about the need to immediately reduce the rate at which we are emitting carbon dioxide in the atmosphere," he said further.
"Today, the surface waters of the oceans have already acidified by an average of 0.1 pH units from pre-industrial levels, and we are seeing signs of its impact even in the deep oceans," said co-author Dr. Eva Calvo, from the Marine Science Institute of CSIC in Spain. "Future acidification depends on how much CO2 humans emit from here on -- but by the year 2100 various projections indicate that the oceans will have acidified by a further 0.3 to 0.4 pH units, which is more than many organisms like corals can stand," Prof. Hoegh-Guldberg says.
"This will create conditions not seen on Earth for at least 40 million years."
"These changes are taking place at rates as much as 100 times faster than they ever have over the last tens of millions of years" Prof. Hoegh-Guldberg says. Besides directly impacting on the fishing industry and its contribution to the human food supply at a time when global food demand is doubling, a major die-off in the oceans would affect birds and many land species and change the biology of Earth as a whole profoundly, Prof. Hoegh-Guldberg adds.
67. What is the biggest cause of the ocean acidification according to the report?
A. the increase of carbon dioxide emission by human beings
B. The worsening of global warming
C. The disappearance of the world’s forests
D. The decrease of marine life
68. In what way according to the report does ocean acidification affect the majority of marine life?
A. It affects their reproduction          B. It destroys their food chain
C. It affects the growth of their young    D. destroys their habitats
69. Which of the following statements is NOT true about ocean acidification?
A. Ocean acidification has made ocean conditions most extreme in millions of years.
B. Ocean acidification may do more damage than global warming to human and plant life in the long run.
C. Ocean acidification is suspected of having caused mass extinctions of life in past Earth history.
D. The effects of ocean acidification are not now but will be felt in the foreseeable future.
70. From the report we can clearly feel that the situation with ocean acidification __________.
A. is quite optimistic                B. remains well under control
C. looks more than urgent            D. is already out of control