While some scientists overlook the existence of a sixth sense for danger, a new research from Washington University in St. Louis has identified a brain area that clearly acts as an early warning system and helps us adjust our behavior to avoid dangerous situations.

   "Our brains are better at picking up not obvious warning signs than we previously thought," said Joshua Brown, PhD, a research associate in psychology in the Feb. 18 issue of the journal Science.

   The findings offer exact scientific evidence for a new way to form a concept of the complex control processes taking place in and around the ACC, a brain area located near the top of the frontal lobes(耳垂) and  along the walls that divide the left and right hemispheres(大脑半球).

   "In the past, we found activity in the ACC when people had to make a difficult decision, or after they make a mistake," Brown said. "But now we find that this brain area can actually learn to recognize when you might make a mistake, even before a difficult decision has to be made. So the ACC appears to act as an early warning system—— it learns to warn us in advance when our behavior might lead to a negative outcome, so that we can be more careful and avoid making a mistake."

   By providing a clearer picture of the cognitive mechanisms(认知结构) by which we self monitor and control our behavior, the study is an important step in efforts to develop more effective treatments for mental illnesses. It also provides a new way of understanding inappropriate behaviors that often accompany mental illnesses.

   "Our results suggest how injury of the ACC mechanisms can lead to breakdowns in the early warning system, so that the brain fails to stop or control inappropriate behavior ahead of time," said Brown. "On the other hand, in those persons with mental disorder, the ACC might warn of an upcoming problem even when no problem is in the existence."

    Known to be an important part of the brain's control system, the ACC is believed to help adjust between cold, hard, fact-based reasoning and emotional responses, such as love, fear or expectation.

68. According to the passage, the ACC____________.

A. refers to the sixth sense for danger           B. deals with obvious warning situations

C. connects the left and right hemispheres       D. sends warning messages in advance

69. The new research is beneficial because it ________ .

A. provides a new way of avoiding mistakes

B. adjusts emotional responses in time of danger

C. helps find better treatments for mental illnesses

D. assists people in predicting and avoiding danger

70. The new research helps us understand _________.

A. why we are likely to make mistakes when the ACC is badly injured

B. why people with mental illnesses usually have so many strange behaviors

C. how the ACC works when something dangerous happens

D. how our brain warns us of failure in advance

  While some scientists overlook the existence of a sixth sense for danger, a new research from Washington University in St. Louis has identified a brain area that clearly acts as an early warning system and helps us adjust our behavior to avoid dangerous situations.

   "Our brains are better at picking up not obvious warning signs than we previously thought," said Joshua Brown, PhD, a research associate in psychology in the Feb. 18 issue of the journal Science.

   The findings offer exact scientific evidence for a new way to form a concept of the complex control processes taking place in and around the ACC, a brain area located near the top of the frontal lobes(耳垂) and  along the walls that divide the left and right hemispheres(大脑半球).

   "In the past, we found activity in the ACC when people had to make a difficult decision, or after they make a mistake," Brown said. "But now we find that this brain area can actually learn to recognize when you might make a mistake, even before a difficult decision has to be made. So the ACC appears to act as an early warning system—— it learns to warn us in advance when our behavior might lead to a negative outcome, so that we can be more careful and avoid making a mistake."

   By providing a clearer picture of the cognitive mechanisms(认知结构) by which we self monitor and control our behavior, the study is an important step in efforts to develop more effective treatments for mental illnesses. It also provides a new way of understanding inappropriate behaviors that often accompany mental illnesses.

   "Our results suggest how injury of the ACC mechanisms can lead to breakdowns in the early warning system, so that the brain fails to stop or control inappropriate behavior ahead of time," said Brown. "On the other hand, in those persons with mental disorder, the ACC might warn of an upcoming problem even when no problem is in the existence."

    Known to be an important part of the brain's control system, the ACC is believed to help adjust between cold, hard, fact-based reasoning and emotional responses, such as love, fear or expectation.

68. According to the passage, the ACC____________.

A. refers to the sixth sense for danger           B. deals with obvious warning situations

C. connects the left and right hemispheres       D. sends warning messages in advance

69. The new research is beneficial because it ________ .

A. provides a new way of avoiding mistakes

B. adjusts emotional responses in time of danger

C. helps find better treatments for mental illnesses

D. assists people in predicting and avoiding danger

70. The new research helps us understand _________.

A. why we are likely to make mistakes when the ACC is badly injured

B. why people with mental illnesses usually have so many strange behaviors

C. how the ACC works when something dangerous happens

D. how our brain warns us of failure in advance

Normal bicycle safety guides usually tell you to wear you helmet(头盔) and to obey the law in order to avoid being hit on a bike. Is this advice really helpful?
Consider this for a moment: Wearing a helmet will absolutely do nothing to prevent you from getting hit by a car. Surely, a helmet might help you if you get hit, but you No.1 goal should be to avoid getting hit. Plenty of cyclists were killed by cars__________. However, if they had ridden without helmets, yet followed the guidelines listed below, they might still be alive today. So they saying that wearing a helmet is the first and last word in bike safety is, to some degree(在一定程度上), wrong.
The most common bike safety advice is “follow the law”. Ridiculously, most people are already aware that it’s stupid to race through a red light at a crossroads. As a result, it’s clear that the “follow the law” advice isn’t that helpful, either. In addition, following the law is not enough to keep you safe. Here’s an example: The law tells you to ride on the right, but if you ride too far to the right, someone started a parked car could open their door right in front of you and motorists pulling out of driveways and parking lots will be less visible. In that case you were following the law, but could still have been hit.
Then what should we remember in order to keep safe when riding a bike? I will tell you about it in the following paragraph.
【小题1】What does the author say about wearing a helmet in the second paragraph?(within 8 words)
_________________________________________________________________________________________
【小题2】Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
However, nearly everyone knows that riding through hared traffic light is dangerous.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
【小题3】Please fill in the blank in the second paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.(within 5 words)
_________________________________________________________________________________________
【小题4】 List the two regular bike safety guides.(within 8words)
_______________________________________②_______________________________________
【小题5】Translate the underlined sentence in the third paragraph into Chinese.
__________________________________________________________________________________

The small unframed painting called “Fisherman” was signed by a little-known Italian artist, Maveleone (1669-1740). When it was sold recently in New York for $ 27000, the seller, Mr. Oliver Pitt, was asked to explain how the picture had come into his possession.
Pitt said, “I didn’t know it was so valuable. I’m not an art expert. Photography is my hobby. I bought ‘Fisherman’ in Italy in 1970 for $140．the picture was dirty, and I couldn’t see the artist’s signature. But anyway it wasn’t the picture that I like. I bought it because of the frame.”
“It’s most unusual frame, made of tiny, silvery sea-shells. They are set in such a way that they reflect perfect light onto the surface of a picture. I now have a photograph of my wife in that frame, and I’ll never part with it.”
“When I returned to New York I showed the painting in its frame to a customs officer. I told him that I had paid $140 for it but admitted I didn’t know its actual worth. The customs man valued it at $ 140, and I was asked to pay duty on that value. I did so, there and then.”
“Later, I took off the frame, and that uncovered Maveleone’s signature. My wife suggested in fun that the painting might be a valuable one, so I cleaned it and put it up for sale.”
As a result of his explanation, Oliver Pitt had to appear in court. He was accused of (指控) knowingly making a false statement of the value of a picture so as to cheat the Customs Department.
Pitt was not happy. “I told the truth as I knew it then,” he said, “What else could I say?”
And then the judge agreed with him. “The Customs Department is to be responsible (blame),” he said, “for making a true valuation of goods bought into the country, so that the correct amount of duty may be charged. Mr Pitt did not cause or try to cause the mistake that was made. He paid the duty that was demanded. If now, the Customs Department finds that its valuation was not correct, it cannot be allowed to have another try. Pitt is not guilty.
【小题1】Pitt met the customs officer __________, where the officer was employed to ________.

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
In the dining room of my grandfather's house stood a giant grandfather clock．Meals in that dining room were a time for four generations to become one．The table was always spread with food containing love as the main ingredient．And that grandfather clock stood like an old family friend, watching over the laughter that was a part of our lives.
As a child, the old clock fascinated me．I watched and listened to it during meals．Even more wonderful to me was my grandfather's routine．He wound (上发条) that clock with a special key carefully each day．That key was magic to me．It kept our family's magnificent clock ticking and chiming．I remember watching as my grandfather took the key from his pocket and opened the hidden door in the clock．He inserted the key and wound — not too much, nor too little．He never let that clock wind down and stop．He showed us grandchildren how to open the door and let us each take turns winding the key．I remember the first time I did it I was so excited to be part of this family routine．
After my grandfather died, it was days after the funeral before I remembered the clock!
"Mama! The clock! We've let it wind down."
The tears flowed freely when I entered the dining room．The clock stood there quiet．It even seemed smaller without my grandfather's special touch.
Some time later, my grandmother gave me the clock and the key．The old house was quiet．No laughter over the dinner table, no ticking or chiming of the clock — all was still．I took the key in my shaking hand and opened the clock door．All of a sudden, I was a child again, watching my grandfather with his silver-white hair and blue eyes．He was there, winking at me, at the secret of the clock's magic, at the key that held so much power.
I stood, lost in the moment for a long time．Then slowly and carefully I inserted the key and wound the clock．It came back to life．Tick-tock, tick-tock, life and chimes were breathed into the dining room, into the house and into my heart．In the movement of the hands of the clock, my grandfather lived again.
1．Why does the writer say the table was always spreading with food containing love as the main ingredient?
A．The food was delicious and tasty.
B．The meal was made by his dear grandparents
C．The whole family talked about the love of each other over meals.
D．Four generations lived joyfully and harmoniously to become one.
2．By describing Grandfather’s routine in detail in the 2nd paragraph, the writer expresses___________.
A．It’s troublesome to make the clock work.
B．It’s a fantastic thing to play with the clock.
C．He greatly misses his late grandfather
D．His grandfather had a preference for the clock.
3．What kinds of mood are shown in the essay?
A．Sad and hopeful                B．desperate and hopeful
C．Heart-broken and hopeless       D．cheerful and hopeful