题目列表(包括答案和解析)
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填1个单词。
The world would have been so much better if we all knew to say and do the right thing at the right time．However, that is not the case, especially when it comes to instilling(逐步培养)proper behavior in kids．Behavior modification(BM)techniques were recently created to help in instilling proper behavior in children as well as adults．
Behavior modification refers to establishing appropreciate behaviors in individuals and discouraging those that are not desirable．Behavior modification techniques are developed largely according to the principles of operant conditioning by B．F．Skinner, an American behaviorist．These techniques are used in behavior modification therapy that aims to correct and instill appropreciate behavior in children．
The most commonly used behavior modification techniques are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement and punishment．Positive reinforcement refers to reinforcing a desired behavior through the process of rewarding it．This can be done by praising the individual as soon as he performs a desirable behavior．Negative reinforcement behavioral strategies are based on the removal of a negative consequence or a behavior because the desired behavior was performed．For example, letting a child not help in washing dishes because he behaved well at a family gathering is a form of negative reinforcement．Punishment is something that we all can relate to．Yes, it is just what it means．However, when put in words, punishment refers to subjecting(使服从于)an individual to a negative condition because of an inappropriate behavior．
The behavior modification techniques for children are mostly based on positive and negative reinforcement．However, parents should realize that these techniques can’t be relied upon totally for child behavior modification．Though the behavior modification techniques lead to quick results, a parent should continuously try to cultivate in his child the ability to appreciate the reason why such a behavior is expected of him．This can be done through effective communication and greater focus on the parent-child relationship．As a parent, don’t make the reward a monetary one．Try to make it look more like a privilege than a reward．
A parent should also be consistent with his technique and apply it whenever there is a chance so that the child gets a clear idea of what is expected and what is not．Although we talk so much about the role of a parent in bringing positive behavior modification in children,both parents and teachers have equally important roles to play．Teachers play their role through preventive classroom management, teaching social problem-solving skills like alternative thinking, and continuous monitoring of a child’s behavior．It is true that there are various behavior modification techniques available for encouraging proper behavior in children．However, there is nothing that can take the place of proper parenting and an affectionate environment．
“The Lord of the Rings”, one of the best-sellers in the new millennium（千年）, was made up of three parts--“The Fellowship of the Ring”,“Two Towers”, and“The Return of the King”. Millions upon millions of people have read it in over 25 different languages, but fewer know about the author and the history of the composition of the creative masterwork.
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was born in South Africa in 1892. His parents died when he was a child. Living in England with his aunt, Tolkien and his cousins made up play languages, a hobby that led to Tolkien's becoming skilled in Welsh, Greek, Gothic, Old Norse and Anglo-Saxon.
After graduating from Oxford, Tolkien served in World War I. In 1917, while recovering from trench fever, he began composing the mythology for The Rings. As a professor of Anglo-Saxon in 1930s at Oxford, Tolkien was part of an informal discussion group called the Inklings, which included several writers. The group was soon listening to chapters of Tolkien's imaginative work “The Hobbit”.
Hobbit was a name Tolkien created for a local people that could best Be described as half-sized members of the English rural（乡村的）class. Hobbits live in hillside holes. One of them, Bilbo Baggins, looks for treasures with a group of dwarves（侏儒）. On the way, he meets the twisted, pitiful creature Gollum, from whom he sees a golden ring that makes the holder invisible.
One of Tolkien's students persuaded her employer, publisher Allen & Unwin, to look at a draft（草稿）. The chairman of the firm, Stanley Unwin, thought that the best judge for a children's book would be his ten-year-old son. The boy earned a shilling for reporting back that the adventure was exciting, and“The Hobbit”was published in 1937.
It sold so well that Unwin asked for a continuation. Over a dozen years later, in 1954, Tolkien produced“The Lord of the Rings”, a series of books so creative that they hold readers--new and old--after their publication.
(1)What can we learn from the text?
[ ]
A．“The Lord of the Rings”didn't sell well in the last millennium.
B．People know better about Tolkien himself than about his works.
C．Tolkien was quite familiar with Old English.
D．Tolkien knew very well about different kinds of local languages in Africa.
(2)Which of the following helped most in making“The Hobbit”published?
[ ]
A．One of Tolkien's students.
B．Stanley Unwin's son.
C．Allen & Unwin.
D．Bilbo Baggins.
(3)What is mainly discussed in the text?
[ ]
A．“The Lord of the Rings”and its writer.
B．A completely new masterwork in the new millennium.
C．A famous professor at Oxford University.
D．The power of the magic ring.
(4)Which of the following shows the right order of Mr. J. R. R. Tolkien's life experience?
a．He had his“The Hobbit”published.
b．He became a member of the Inklings.
c．He served in World War I.
d．He became an undergraduate at Oxford.
e．His work“The Lord of the Rings”came to the world.
f．He moved to England to live with his aunt.
[ ]
A．f--d--b--c--a--e
B．f--d--c--b--a--e
C．f--c--d--b--e--a
D．d--f--c--a--b--e
下面五个人有些问题需要处理。阅读下面六个选项(A、B、C、D、E和F)，选出符合各自需求的最佳选项。选项中有一项是多余选项。
A．Pacha London www.pachalondon.com
The world's most historic club is set in a building of the 1920s beautifully decorated in its original oak paneling and features an impressive glass ceiling．You can enjoy beauty, style and elegance when clubbing at London's most historic night club Pacha and appreciate works of some famous musicians．
B．Amika London www.amikalondon.com
Amika plays host to the new super elite(精英)who are seeking the latest fashion trends．A unique playground designed for fun．It is the final destination for major players and glitterati(上层人士)alike．It features table reservations ＆ bookings, events and corporate bookings．
C．SeOne Club London www.seonelondon.com
SeOne is one of London's largest music clubs．Situated in the north of London, SeOne consists of five rooms．It can be broken down into smaller spaces and can be used for parties as small as 100 people．SeOne Club has attracted all kinds of promoters and event organizers, from corporate giants to dance promoters．
D．Koko Club www.koko.uk.com
Situated at 1A Camden High Street, Central London, Koko Club represents a versatile(通用的), 21st-century club．It's very adaptable so it can be used for anything－from small comedy to international music awards．A must visit!
E．Bar Rumba www.barrumba.co.uk
Located in London's west end, Bar Rumba is one of London's leading late night clubs．Playing funk, jazz, Afro-beat, Latin, Cuban, salsa, drum ＆ bass, break beat．It has an amazing sound system for dance music．Every night it delivers a different beat－from hip hop to Latin dance, from grime to jazz．
F．Club Colosseum www.clubcolosseum.com
Situated in 1 Nine Elms Lane．Vauxall, London, Club Colosseum won the world's best club award in 1999．Now it features a new VIP room, a spectacular riverside bar with a view all over London ＆ the River Thames．
下面是几位人员的情况简介，请匹配他们感兴趣的休闲场所。
1．Michael is a great painter and has just moved to London from America．On his arrival, Michael was struck by the beautiful Thames．He dreams of going to a famous night club where he can easily appreciate the unique view of the river．
2．Nancy comes from Japan and wants to go to a world-famous night club with a long history to help her know more about the British culture．Besides, Nancy likes to listen to great musical masterpieces．
3．Laura is crazy about dancing and enjoys different dances with fascinating dance music．Now she is in search of a night club that can offer her quality dance diversity．
4．Lily would like to celebrate her eighteenth birthday at a proper night club next week．She intends to invite over a hundred friends and relatives to her birthday party, most of whom are working in northern London and are true music lovers．
5．Harry is the general manager of a large company in London and he would like to go to a night club which is fashionable．What's more, it should be suitable for someone of his status．
补全阅读
The world’s first completely automatic(自动的)railway has been built under the busy streets of London．1．________．The new Victoria Line was opened in 1969．This new line was very different from the others．
The stations on the other lines need a lot of workers to sell tickets, and to check and to collect them when people leave the trains．2．________．Here a machine checks and collects the tickets, and there are no workers on the platforms at all．On the train, there is only one worker．3．________．But usually he just starts it; it runs and stops by itself．The trains are controlled by electrical signals which are sent by the so-called command spots．The command spots are the same distance apart．Each sends a certain signal．The train always moves at the speed that the command spots allow．If the command spot sends no signals, the train will stop．4．________．The computers also fix the train speeds, and send the signals to the command spots．
5．________．Once train may stay too long at a station; the other trains will then automatically move slower．
A．If necessary, this man can drive the train．
B．The railway is called the Victoria Line, and it is part of the complete London underground railway．
C．The computer makes the decision about when to use a gas engine and when to go electric．
D．This is all different on the Victoria Line．
E．Most of the control work is done by computers．
F．Other machines make sure that the trains are always a safe distance apart．
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