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    破坏人体免疫系统 10让某人活下去 【查看更多】

     

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    Some animals apparently can resist cancer by strengthening their immune nervous system in preparation for winter，John Hopkins researchers said on Wednesday.

    The scientists said their study was the first to show that the central nervous system，reacting to environmental changes，may spark changes in the body’s immune system(免疫系统) that control the growth of tumors.They said if that was the case，a better understanding of how the process works eventually could lead to new cancer treatments.

    Dr.Randy Nelson，an associate professor of psychology at Hopkins，stressed at a meeting of the Society of Neuroscience that further study would be needed to confirm a connection between the length of the day，the animals’ immune system and cancer.More work also would be needed to show that the findings could be applied to human cancer.

    Dr.Faye Austin，an immunologist with the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda，said，“It’s a very intriguing observation that the length of exposure to light can affect the growth of a tumor.But I think that the draws really need further work to clarify the mechanics.”

    But Austin said the findings were surprising and important，only because they open up a new approach for research.

    Studies showed that stress weakened the immune system in animals.They figured that because winter is stressful，the season probably causes exertion (影响) on the immune system.

    The researchers reasoned that animals that compensated by boosting (促进) their immune systems as winter approached would have a better chance of surviving and producing offspring.

    “In the same way that animals have evolved to select the best time to breed，it struck me that animals ought to be able to predict when conditions would be challenging immunologically.”Nelson said.

    1．Dr.Nelson has drawn a conclusion that ________.

    A．there is a relation between the length of the day，the animal’s immune system and cancer

    B．the findings of animals’ resistance to cancer can be applied to human cancer treatments

    C．the length of exposure to light can affect the growth of a tumor

    D．there is a new approach for studying the function of central nervous system in the body’s immune system

    2．Which season can strengthen the immune system in animals?

    A．Spring. 　　　 B．Summer.　　　 C．Autumn.　　　 　D．Winter.

    3．On which of the following subjects can essays be presented at the meeting of the Society of Neuroscience?

    A．The nervous system.

    B．The treatment of cancer.

    C．The ability to produce offspring.

    D．The control of the growth of tumors.

     

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    　　Full face transplants are no longer science fiction fantasy(幻想)，a leading surgeon has said, adding that they are technically feasible(可行的)but ethically(道德的)complex．

    　　Peter Butler from London’s Royal Free Hospital called for a debate on the ethics of such an operation made possible by new drugs which stop the body’s immune system(免疫系统)rejecting a transplanted face．“It is not ‘can we do it?’ but ‘should we do it?’” he told the BBC．“The technical part is not complex, but I don’t think that’s going to be the very great difficulty…．The ethical and moral debate is obviously going to have to take place before the first facial transplantation．”

    　　The British Association of Plastic Surgeons(整形外科医生)will discuss the microsurgical procedure(微型外科技术)，which could give new skin, bone, nose, chin, lips and ears from deceased donors(捐赠人)to patients disfigured损伤外貌by accidents, burns or cancer．But surgeons could have trouble finding enough willing donors．Butlers said his survey of doctors, nurses and members of the public showed most would accept a face transplant but few were willing to donate their own after dying．

    　　Despite a number of ethical concerns, Christine Piff, who founded the charity．Let’s face it after suffering a rare facial cancer 25 years ago, welcomed the possibility of face transplants．She rejected the idea that the procedure would mean people would end up living with a dead person’s face．“There are so many people without faces, I have half a face…, but we are all so much more than just a face…, you don’t take on their personality．You are still you,” she told reporters．“If we can donate other organs of the body then why not the face．I can’t see anything wrong with it．”

    (1)

    The underlined word “deceased” in the third paragraph probably means ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    willing

    B．

    dead

    C．

    diseased

    D．

    dying

    (2)

    When Christine Piff says “There are so many people without faces…”, she refers to the people ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    who are dishonorable and shameless

    B．

    who have got their faces transplanted

    C．

    who are seriously injured by accident

    D．

    who are disfigured by accidents, burns and cancer

    (3)

    According to the passage, what makes it likely to carry out a facial transplantation?

    [　　]

    A．

    Drugs are available to stop the body’s immune system rejecting a transplanted face．

    B．

    It’s morally practical, though technically complex．

    C．

    Most people accept the idea of face transplants．

    D．

    The British Association of Plastic Surgeons has performed the operation．

    (4)

    What would be the best title for the text?

    [　　]

    A．

    First Facial Transplantation

    B．

    Debate on the Ethics of Face Transplant

    C．

    Let’s Face It

    D．

    Face Transplant No Longer Science Fiction

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    A woman in the US is able to speak for the first time in 11 years after a pioneering voice box transplant （移植） ．

    Brenda Jensen said the operation was a great success which had saved her life．Thirteen days after the surgery she said her first words: "Good morning, I want to go home．"It is the first time a voice box and windpipe have been transplanted at the same time and only the second time a voice box has ever been transplanted．

    Ms．Jensen, 52, had been unable to speak on her own since her voice box was damaged during surgery in 1999．Since then, she has been unable to taste or smell food, could breathe only through a hole in her windpipe and could talk only with the help of an electronic voice box．

    In October, surgeons at the University of California Davis Medical Centre removed the voice box and 6cm of the windpipe from a donor body．In an 18-hour operation, this was transplanted into Ms．Jensen's throat and the team connected it to her blood supply and nerves （神经）．

    Professor Martin Birchall from University College London, who was part of the surgery team, said: "We've learned that we can repair nerves to make even very complex organs function again． It'll open the door to better facial transplants and will be extremely important as tissue engineering develops．"

    A voice box transplant might be life changing, but it is not life saving．Everyone who receives a transplant must take drugs to control the immune system （免疫系统） for the rest of their lives． These drugs can reduce life expectancy, so they are normally set aside for life saving procedures．

    One of the reasons Ms．Jensen was a suitable person for this transplant was that she was already taking immune controlling drugs after a kidney-pancreas transplant four years ago．Professor Peter Belafsky , part of the surgical team, said: " Brenda was an exceptional candidate for the transplant because she was highly motivated．Anyone who's met Brenda knows that she is a strong and determined person with a great outlook on life in spite of the many physical challenges she's faced over her lifetime．

    63．The voice transplant operation is of great significance because it proves that ____．

    　　　 A．facial transplants are now easier to perform

    　　　 B．new medical technology is always possible to discover

    　　　 C．nerve repairing is a breakthrough in tissue engineering

    　　　 D．the drugs taken after the operation help the patient live longer

    64．Ms．Jensen was a suitable person for this transplant because she was ____．

    　　　 A．strong-willed and prepared　　　　　　 B．experienced and brave

    　　　 C．seriously ill and motivated　　　　　　 　 D．determined and realistic

    65．Which of the following is the right time order of the event?

    a．Ms．Jensen received a voice box transplant operation．

    b．Ms．Jensen began to take immune controlling drugs．

    c．Doctors removed the voice box from a donor body．

    d．Ms．Jensen had a kidney-pancreas transplant operation．

    　　　 A．acdb　　　　 　　 B．dbca　　　　 　　 C．bdca　　　 　　　 D．cabd

    66．Which is the best title for the passage?

    　　　 A．Transplant Saves A Woman's Life B．Overcoming Obstacles to Speak Again

    　　　 C．First Words from New Voice Box D．Courageous Woman Defeating Fears

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    阅读下面短文．按照要求完成阅读任务。

    　　In a recent business magazine article, a president said, Laughter in the workplace is a waste of time．This is a place to do business, not to laugh, some researchers, however, disagree with his words．As scientists have learned more about the brain, they’ve discovered that smiles and laughter stimulate the brain, which can help increase happiness and reduce pain．

    　　Why do we need laughter in our lives?Laughter is a powerful tool for 0Ilr health．In a number of studies that were carried out, it was shown that people who are more humorous have stronger immune systems(免疫系统)while people who feel stressed have weaker immune systems．Humor can help make your immune systems stronger

    　　Here are some tips to add more humor to your life：

    　　Laugh at yourself．Don’t take yourself too seriously．Have a positive attitude towards yourself and your worries will become lighter too．

    　　Don’t worry why people langh--just appreciate it．Be funny．Look for the humorous side of and otherwise difficult situation．

    　　Prepare a first-aid laughter source．11Iis could include books, cartoons, CDs or videos．Write down the amusing things that happen and save them for a sad day．

    　　Be open to silly things．Humor the child within yourself．

    　　Laugh with others for what they do, rather than what they are．

    　　Research has shown that laughter is indeed the best medicine, so make time for humor now．

    1．What is the best tide for this passage?(please answer within 8 words)

    2．List three suggestions that might help you add humor to your life according to the passage．(Please answer within 15 words)

    3．According to the passage．how do people benefit from laughter?(within 10 words)

    4．Please explain the underlined part“Have a positive attitude”in English(No more than 5 words)

    5．According to the passage, why humor can help people healthy?(within 15 words)

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    阅读理解

    　　A woman in the US is able to speak for the first time in 11 years after a pioneering voice box transplant(移植)．

    　　Brenda Jensen said the operation was a great success which had saved her life．Thirteen days after the surgery she said her first words："Good morning, I want to go home．"It is the first time a voice box and windpipe have been transplanted at the same time and only the second time a voice box has ever been transplanted．

    　　Ms．Jensen, 52, had been unable to speak on her own since her voice box was damaged during surgery in 1999．Since then, she has been unable to taste or smell food, could breathe only through a hole in her windpipe and could talk only with the help of an electronic voice box．

    　　In October, surgeons at the University of California Davis Medical Centre removed the voice box and 6cm of the windpipe from a donor body．In an 18-hour operation, this was transplanted into Ms．Jensen's throat and the team connected it to her blood supply and nerves(神经)．

    　　Professor Martin Birchall from University College London, who was part of the surgery team, said："We've learned that we can repair nerves to make even very complex organs function again．It'll open the door to better facial transplants and will be extremely important as tissue engineering develops．"

    　　A voice box transplant might be life changing, but it is not life saving．Everyone who receives a transplant must take drugs to control the immune system(免疫系统)for the rest of their lives．These drugs can reduce life expectancy, so they are normally set aside for life saving procedures．

    　　One of the reasons Ms．Jensen was a suitable person for this transplant was that she was already taking immune controlling drugs after a kidney-pancreas transplant four years ago．Professor Peter Belafsky, part of the surgical team, said：" Brenda was an exceptional candidate for the transplant because she was highly motivated．Anyone who's met Brenda knows that she is a strong and determined person with a great outlook on life in spite of the many physical challenges she's faced over her lifetime．

    (1)

    The voice transplant operation is of great significance because it proves that ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    facial transplants are now easier to perform

    B．

    new medical technology is always possible to discover

    C．

    nerve repairing is a breakthrough in tissue engineering

    D．

    the drugs taken after the operation help the patient live longer

    (2)

    Ms．Jensen was a suitable person for this transplant because she was ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    strong-willed and prepared

    B．

    experienced and brave

    C．

    seriously ill and motivated

    D．

    determined and realistic

    (3)

    Which of the following is the right time order of the event?

    a．Ms．Jensen received a voice box transplant operation．

    b．Ms．Jensen began to take immune controlling drugs．

    c．Doctors removed the voice box from a donor body．

    d．Ms．Jensen had a kidney-pancreas transplant operation．

    [　　]

    A．

    acdb

    B．

    dbca

    C．

    bdca

    D．

    cabd

    (4)

    Which is the best title for the passage?

    [　　]

    A．

    Transplant Saves A Woman's Life

    B．

    Overcoming Obstacles to Speak Again

    C．

    First Words from New Voice Box

    D．

    Courageous Woman Defeating Fears

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