Some personal characteristics play an important role in the development of one’s intelligence . But people fail to realize the importance of training these factors in young people . The so-called ‘non-intelligence factors’(非智力因素)include1feelings , will , motivation (动机), interests and habits . After a 30-year follow-up study of 8000 males , American psychologists (心理学)2that the main cause of disparities in intelligence is not intelligence3, but non-intelligence factors including the desire to learn , will power and self-confidence . 4people all know that one should have definite objectives , a strong will and good learning habits , quite a number of teachers and parents don’t pay much attention to5these factors . Some parents are greatly worried6their children fail to do well in their studies . They blame either genetic (遗传的)factors , malnutrition ,(营养不良)or laziness , but they never take7consideration these non-intelligence factors . At the same time , some teachers don’t inquire into these , as reasons8students do poorly . They simply give them more courses and exercises , or9criticize or laugh at them . After all , these students lose self-confidence . Some of them just feel defeated and10themselves up as hopeless . Others may go astray(迷途)because they are sick of learning .11investigation of more than 1,000 middle school students in Shanghai showed that 46.5 per cent of them were12of learning , because of examinations , 36.4 per cent lacked persistence , initiative (主动)and consciousness (正直地、谨慎的)and 10.3 per cent were sick of learning . It is clear13the lack of cultivation (培养) of non-intelligence factors has been a main14to intelligence development in teenagers . It even causes an imbalance between physiological (生理的)and15development among a few students . If we don’t start now to16the cultivation of non-intelligence factors , it will not only affect the development of the17of teenagers , but also affect the quality of a whole generation . Some experts have put forward18about how to cultivate students’ non-intelligence factors . First , parents and teachers should19understand teenage psychology . On this basis , they can help them to pursue (调动)the objectives of learning ,20their interests and toughening their willpower .