Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir（回忆录）of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education.

Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.

Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work. In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.

Tyler became well-known nationality in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.

Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years. There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an independent（独立的）spirit in their work.

Although Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never actually retired. He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. Even in his 80s he traveled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives（目标）that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools.

68. Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler’s memoir?

   A. Top managers.                    B. Language learners.

   C. Serious educators.                 D. Science organizations.

69. The words “hooked oh teaching” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean ________.

   A. attracted to teaching               B. tired of teaching

   C. satisfied with teaching             D. unhappy about teaching

70. Where did Tyler work as the leader of a research center for over 10 years?

   A. The University of Chicago.         B. Stanford University.

   C. Ohio State University.             D. Nebraska University.

71. Tyler is said to have never actually retired because ____________.

A. he developed a new method of testing    B. he called for free spirit in research

C. he was still active in giving advice       D. he still led the Eight-Year Study

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从下列各各题所给的四个选项（A 、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卷上将该项涂黑。
These days, it is common to see 5-gallon bottles of water being sent to homes. Supermarket  21
are filled with all kinds of bottled water from simple  22  bottles containing “pure spring water” to expensive foreign types of mineral water in glass bottles. In Europe, bottled water is as  23  as soft drinks which are widely accepted in the United States. People are not only interested in the different choices of drinks, but also in the taste of bottled water and its  24  value.
All bottled water on sale must  25  the content of the water on the bottle. Some companies  26 
minerals to give the water a better taste. But the term “mineral water” is  27 , because all water, except specially purified water, contains minerals.  28  must be made to tell people clearly what kind of water people are exactly buying: spring water, mineral water, or purified water. For example, “spring water” will have to come from a(n)  29  spring.
Many people choose bottled water  30  tap water, because they  31  the safety of public drinking water. Some people worry about city water  32 . We need to pay close attention to the cleanliness of our drinking water. The government should be responsible for tap water  33 . It should be tested and checked  34 .
Keep in mind that bottled water is 35 . In many cases, you are paying for water that is not much different from tap water. If you are not sure of the safety of your tap water, have it  36 . A local health department can be of  37 . Compared with the cost of bottled water, the testing cost will be less expensive. Letting cold water  38  for a minute or so before taking a drink or using it in preparing a meal is a good way to  39  possible water pollution, especially if the water has been  40  for an hour or more.

【小题6】

A．find B．add C．explore D．mix

The position of children in American family and society is no longer what it is used to be. The _36__ family in colonial North America was mainly concerned with survival and 37 that, its own economic prosperity, Thus, children were __38__ in terms of their productivity, and they played the role of producer quite early, Until they fulfilled this role, their position in the family was one of the subordination(附属).

   With the __39__ of the society, the position of the children in the family and in the society became more important. In the complex and technological society that the United States has become, each member must fulfill a number of personal and occupational roles and be in contact with many other members. __40__ , viewing children as necessary members of society means that they are __41__ more as people in their own right than as those of the family is reflected in various laws __42__ the rights of children and in the social and public welfare programs.

  This new __43__ of children and the frequent contact between the members of society has also __44_ an increasing interest in child-raising techniques. People today spend much time seeking the proper way to __45__ children.

  Nowadays, the socialization of the child in the United States is a two-way transaction(事务) between parents and child __46___ a one-way, parent-to-child training program. As a consequence, socializing child and __47__ with them over a long period of time is for parents a mixture of pleasure, satisfaction, and problems

A. poor           B. ordinary      C. happy          D. wealthy

A. except          B. for          C. beyond         D. through

A. supported       B. received      C. encouraged     D. valued

A. movement      B. achievement   C. development    D. requirement

A. Besides        B. However      C. Instead         D. Therefore

A. admired        B. regarded      C. made          D. respected

A. enjoying       B. preventing     C. considering     D. protecting

A. view          B. faith          C. world          D. study

A. led in          B. brought in     C. resulted in      D. taken in

A. nurse         B. praise         C. understand     D. raise

A. more than     B. rather than      C. better than     D. less than 

A. talking       B. living          C. playing        D. discussing

In the United States there was an unusual tale telling of the daughter of a mechanic （技工）. One day while walking along the bank of a lake, the girl  36   to see 20 eggs laid by a wild goose. After some time the girl   37   the mother would not return to her eggs and she   38   to take them home. There she carefully   39   the eggs in the heat of a lamp. Several days   40   the eggs broke and the baby geese came into the   41  .

Geese are known to take the first living thing they see as their mother.   42  , to these young geese, the girl was their mother.

As they   43  , the girl was able to   44   her birds to run across the grass, but she could not teach them to   45  . The girl became increasingly worried about this, both when   46   and in her dreams. Later, she had an   47  : She would pilot a plane to guide them in   48  . She asked her father for a plane and he assembled（组装）a small aircraft for her.

Caring about   49   safety, the father decided to pilot the plane himself. However, the birds did not   50   or follow him, and   51   slept in the grass.

One day, the girl   52   into the plane, started it and soon left the   53  . Seeing their mother take to the air, the birds   54   flapped（拍打）their wings and   55  . She flew the plane freely in the sky, her young birds following.

 Who are these people rushing by you in the street? More than 215 million people now call America “home”, but most of them can trace their families back to other parts of the world. If you look at the names on shop windows, you will see that Americans come from many different lands. The idea that these people, who once were strangers to the United States, have lost the customs and cultures of their original countries and have become “American” is really not true. In fact, what exists in America is more often a kind of “side-by-side” living in which groups of people from other countries often have kept many of their customs and habits. They join the general American society only in certain areas of their lives—such as in schools, business, and sports—but they keep many of their own native customs and manners socially and at home. This living “side-by-side” has both advantages and disadvantages. Sometimes it may cause disagreements to develop between groups whose ways of life are very different from one another. However, there are also great advantages that come from the variety of cultures brought by settlers from other lands. There is great freedom of choice among ideas and dress, food, and social customs in America. Everyone can find some part of his or her familiar world in the United States, in churches, music, food, national groups, or newspapers.

1. More than 215 million people call America “home” because_______.

A. they have their houses there

B. they settle there now

C. they want to make their home there

D. they like that land very much

2. “Side-by-side” living style means _______.

A. to make friends with native people

B. to keep their own customs while sharing American ones in certain areas

C. the groups of people who live nearby

D. that they get closer to American society

3. according to the passage, people in the USA ________.

A. share American customs and culture

B. live in a kind of “side-by-side” society

C. keep their own customs and habits firmly

D. make no choice to accept American customs

4. Which of the following statements is true?

A. They always stick to their own customs and habits.

B. “Side-by-side” living style is not suitable.

C. They face the society they are not familiar with.

D. The advantages coming from the variety of cultures make life in America colorful.

5. Which is the best title for this passage?

A. Advantages and Disadvantages.

B. Different Customs and Habits.

C. Home for the People.

D. “Side-by-side” Living Style in America.