Air pollution is a leading cause of cancer and classified among Group 1,or top, human carcinogens (致癌物质), said the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which is the World Health Organization's (WHO) cancer agency, on Oct 17,2013.

The most widely used system for classifying carcinogens comes from the IARC, which places them into five groups. Group 1 carcinogens definitely cause cancer in humans. Group 2A is probably carcinogenic to humans, Group 2B is possibly carcinogenic, the carcinogenicity of Group 3 in humans is unclassifiable, and Group 4 is probably not carcinogenic to humans. Only a little more than 100 are classified as Group 1 cancer-causing substances, including ultraviolet radiation and tobacco smoke.

“Our task was to evaluate the air everyone breathes rather than focus on specific air pollutants,” the lARC's Dana Loomis said in a statement. “The results from the reviewed studies point in the same direction: the risk of developing lung cancer is significantly increased in people exposed to air pollution.”

In 2010, lung cancer resulting from air pollution killed 223,000 people worldwide, and there was also convincing evidence that it increases the risk of bladder (膀腕) cancer, according to the IARC.

Air pollution is already known to raise risks for a wide range of illnesses, including respiratory and heart diseases.

Air pollution is global, although the levels of it vary over space and time.

Loomis said people in Asia, eastern North America, some places in Central America and Mexico, as well as North Africa have relatively high exposure. Developing countries with large populations and booming manufacturing sectors, such as China, are particularly at risk.

Many cities in China, such as Beijing, frequently see smog. This week, Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang province, became the first Chinese city to officially suspend classes due to serious smog

Many developed countries face similar problems, although to a lesser degree than most developing nations. In Europe, levels of many pollutants have fallen. But between 91 and 96 percent of Europeans living in cities are exposed to levels of PM2.5—tiny particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers—that are higher than the WHO safety limits, says a report published by the European Environment Agency on Oct 15.

Although both the composition and levels of air pollution can vary dramatically from one location to the other, the 1ARC said its conclusions apply to all regions of the world.

“Given the scale of the exposure affecting people worldwide, this report should send a strong signal to the international community to take action without further delay,” said Christopher Wild, director of the IARC.

1.What might be the best title of the passage?

A. Signals of air pollution

B. Safety limits of air pollution

C. Air pollution, cancer risk

D. Air pollution, smog risk

2.What’s the main task of IARC?

A. To focus on cancer-causing substances.

B. To evaluate the air quality.

C. To study the developing risk of cancer.

D. To send signals to the international community.

3.Why should the international community take action without further delay?

A. The composition and levels of air pollution vary from place to place.

B. More and more people in developing countries are exposed to air pollution.

C. Developed countries face air pollution, the level of which is higher than the safety limits.

D. A large number of people worldwide are exposed to air pollution.

John H. Johnson was born in a black family in Arkansas city in 1918. His father died in an accident when John was six. He was reaching the high school age, but his hometown offered no high school for blacks.

Fortunately he had a strong-willed (意志坚强的) caring mother. John remembered that his mother told him many times, “Son, you can be anything you want really to be if you just believe.”She told him not to depend on others, including his mother. “You have to earn success, ”she said. “All the people who work hard don’t succeed, but the only people who do succeed are those who work hard.”

These words came from a woman with less than a third grade education. She also knew that believing and hard work don’t mean everything. So she worked hard as a cook for two years to save enough to take her son, who was then 15, to Chicago.

Chicago in 1933 was not the promised land that black southerners were looking for. John’s mother and stepfather could not find work. But here John could go to school, and here he learned the power of words—as an editor of the newspaper and yearbook at Du Sable High School His wish was to publish a magazine for blacks.

While others discouraged him, John’s mother offered him more words to live by.“Nothing beats a failure but a try. ”She also let him pawn(典当)her furniture to get the $ 500 he needed to start the Negro magazine.

It is natural that difficulties and failures followed John closely until he became very successful. He always keeps his mother’s words in mind.“Son, failure is not in your vocabulary!”

Now John H. Johnson is one of the 400 richest people in America—worth $ 150 million.

1.John’s mother decided to move to Chicago because _____.

A．his father died when John was very young

B．life was too hard for them to stay on in their hometown

C．John needed more education badly

D．there were no schools for Negroes in their hometown

2.John’s mother_____________________

A．didn’t believe in or depend on others

B．thought one could be whatever one wanted to be

C．believed one would succeed without working hard

D．thought no one could succeed without working hard

3.The underlined sentence“Nothing beats a failure but a try. ”means _____.

A．if you try, you would succeed

B．a failure is difficult to beat, even if you try

C．a try is always followed by a failure

D．no failure can be beaten unless you try

4.The story mainly tells us _____.

A．how John H. Johnson became successful

B．about the mental (心理的) support John’s mother gave him

C．about the importance of a good education

D．about the key to success for blacks

阅读以下相关信息，然后按照要求匹配信息。选E同时涂黑A和B，选F同时涂黑C和D。
首先，阅读下面六种舞蹈介绍：
A. Cha-Cha
It is a very famous ballroom dance. Created in Cuba, it includes African and Cuban rhythms (节奏). It is an energetic dance. The cha-cha requires very small steps because of its rhythm.
B. Waltz
It is a romantic ballroom dance in the triple time with a strong accent on the first beat. The dance is smooth and graceful in performance. The waltz was introduced to the United States via (经由) England in the early 19 century.
C. Hip-hop
Hip-hop refers to street dance styles. Hip-hop allows the dance to experience complete freedom while moving across the floor. With no age restriction (限制) to learn this dance form, it remains as one of the most popular styles to everyone, especially for the young.
D. Tango
It is a ballroom dance of Latin-American origin. Some people think it is a bit more difficult than waltz. In the early years of the twentieth century, the first European tango craze (狂热) took place in Paris, soon followed by London, Berlin, and other capitals.
E. Ballet
It is a theatrical presentation of group or solo dancing to a musical accompaniment, usually with costume and scenic effect, conveying a story or theme. The earlier years of ballet training is strict, with regular guidance and practice under the watchful eyes of an experienced teacher.
F. Samba
It is a Brazilian ballroom dance of African origin. The music of Samba is one of the most popular forms of music in Brazil. It is widely recognized as Brazil’s national musical style. Samba is a lively, rhythmical dance. The basic movement involves a straight body and a bending of one knee at a time. The feet move very slightly – only a few inches at a time.
阅读以下有关人员的信息，然后为他或她选择合适的舞蹈。
【小题1】Li Ming used to be a shy boy in high school, but since he came to Guangzhou University, he has become an optimistic and energetic boy. This term he wants to learn a dance which is suitable for young people and can give him much freedom.
【小题2】Dancing has always been Wang Gang’s favorite activity since he was five. He has already learned how to dance the waltz, fox, and some other simple styles of dance. Recently he is fascinated by Latin-American dance. This time he wants to learn a kind of ballroom dance with more difficult skills.
【小题3】Huang Qiang likes dancing very much. When he was four years old, his parents paid much to let him learn ballet. He likes the famous play Swan Lake. He wants to go on learning more and to perform at the New Year’s evening party.
【小题4】In the town where Gao Mei lives, dancing is very popular with young people. She intends to invite her classmate Kate to learn some rhythmical dance which can make people full of energy.
【小题5】After watching football matches, Zhang Ning is impressed by Brazilian footballers. To celebrate their victory, they often dance their national dance for a while. Zhang Ning was fascinated by their movements. He made up his mind to learn the dance.

I wanted to be just like those big kids I saw wearing their medals and carrying their ribbons(绶带). So I__ __the cross?country team at my school.

? However, I was very slow in the team. In races, I would finish almost____. I'd always have to____in the longer races.The__? __races and at least 100 people competing in it made me really____. Every time I stopped, 10 people would__? __me. But I still couldn't push myself to keep going, even though I____watching them go by me. After every race, I'd go home and burst into tears.

? Then one of my friends joined the cross?country team, too. She never got tired and didn't get cramp(抽筋) in her legs. I just didn't understand how that was____! I'd been running much longer than she had, but she could run__? __while I had to suffer. She even came 8th in a big race with over 200 people in it! My____was lower than ever and I wanted to quit badly.

? I didn't, ____. Even a whole month before a race, I'd get so nervous that I felt like I might give up. Still, I____to quit. I still had that____appearing in my mind and I hung on to it.

? Finally, I realized the reason why the bigger races made me so nervous was that I was always worried that I wasn't____for them. I started to practice at home almost every day. I____a plan that had me running almost three kilometers every day, which helped me build up a steady____.

? When the time came for the big race, all the practice really____. I stopped only once and my pace was much better.

? I was____of myself for sticking with it even though it was really hard and I'd even wanted to quit. I showed myself that I was____enough to keep going. That was what made me feel good about myself and gave me confidence.

? The next time I'm faced with a tough____, I will know that I can take it up. None of this would ever have happened if I had quitted!

1.A.liked??? ????????????? ????????????? B. admired? ????????????? ?? ??? C. supported ????????????? ?? D. joined

2.A.best??? ????????????? ????????????? B. first? ????????????? ????????????? ?? C. last? ????????????? ????????????? ?? D. least

3.A.stop???? ????????????? ??? B. rest ????????????? ????????????? ?? ??? C. breathe ????????????? ?? D. suffer

4.A.exciting? ????????????? ??? B. tiring ????????????? ????????????? ?? C. interesting ????????????? ?? D. disturbing

5.A.nervous ????????????? ????????????? B. frightened ????????????? ?? C. sad? ????????????? ????????????? ?? D. angry

6.A.help ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? B. encourage ????????????? ?? C. leave ????????????? ????????????? ?? D. pass

7.A.missed? ????????????? ????????????? B. hated? ????????????? ?? ??? C. avoided ????????????? ?? D. escaped

8.A.equal ????????????? ????????????? B. reasonable ????????????? ?? C. fair ????????????? ????????????? ?? D. tolerable

9.A.quickly? ????????????? ????????????? B. easily????????????? ????????????? ?? ??? C. happily? ????????????? ?? D. hopefully

10.A.strength ????????????? ????????????? B. demand ????????????? ?? ??? C. goal? ????????????? ????????????? ?? D. confidence

11.A.yet ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? B. either?? ????????????? ?? ??? C. though? ????????????? ?? D. still

12.A.refused? ????????????? B. decided? ????????????? ?? ??? C. failed? ????????????? ????????????? ?? D. wanted

13.A.lesson ????????????? ????????????? B. faith?? ????????????? ?? ??? C. future ????????????? ????????????? ?? D. picture

14.A.suitable ????????????? ????????????? B. active????????????? ????????????? ?? C. ready? ????????????? ????????????? ?? D. well

15.A.took out ????????????? B. mapped out?? ?? C. figured out? ????????????? ?? D. let out

16.A.pace ????????????? ????????????? B. race?? ????????????? ?? ??? C. will? ????????????? ????????????? ?? D. level

17.A.set off ????????????? ????????????? B. paid off ????????????? ?? ??? C. got off? ????????????? ?? D. took off

18.A.sure ????????????? ????????????? B. aware? ????????????? ?? ??? C. proud? ????????????? ?? D. afraid

19.A.strong? ????????????? ????????????? B. patient? ????????????? ?? ??? C. steady ????????????? ????????????? ?? D. devoted

20.A.job? ????????????? ????????????? B. sport ????????????? ????????????? ?? C. competition??? D. challenge

 Jeremy Lin is a man with a strong will. After repeated_______ he finally succeeded in his career.

A. announcements   B. decision     C. remarks      D. attempts