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  A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.

  The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96.The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.

  Survey respondents(受访者)were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.

  The researchers found that young adults(age 18 to 39)routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle-aged adults(age 40 to 64)more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio(比率)of disability and death for the study period.

  “We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade,” wrote Frieder R.Lang, a professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.

  Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.

  “Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions(预防措施),” the authors wrote.

  Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.

  The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.

  However, the researchers said a pattern was clear.“We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic,” the authors concluded.

(1)

According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?

[  ]

A.

Optimistic adults.

B.

Middle-aged adults.

C.

Adults in poor health.

D.

Adults of lower income.

(2)

Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people ________.

[  ]

A.

to fully enjoy their present life

B.

to estimate their contribution accurately

C.

to take measures against potential risks

D.

to value health more highly than wealth

(3)

How do people of higher income see their future?

[  ]

A.

They will earn less money.

B.

They will become pessimistic.

C.

They will suffer mental illness.

D.

They will have less time to enjoy life.

(4)

What is the clear conclusion of the study?

[  ]

A.

Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.

B.

Good financial condition leads to good health.

C.

Medical treatment determines health outcomes.

D.

Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.

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I fell in love with the minister's son the winter I turned fourteen. He was not Chinese. For Christmas I prayed for the boy, Robert. When I found out that my parents had invited the minister's family over for Christmas Eve dinner, I cried in panic. What would Robert think of our shabby Chinese Christmas? What would he think of our noisy Chinese relatives who lacked proper American manners?

On Christmas Eve, my mother created abundant Chinese food. And then they arrived—the minister's family and all my relatives. Robert greeted hello, and I pretended he was not worthy of existence.

Dinner threw me deeper into disappointment. My relatives licked (舔) the ends of their chopsticks and reached across the table. Robert and his family waited patiently for a large plate to be passed to them. My relatives murmured with pleasure when my mother brought out the whole steamed fish. Robert made a face. Then my father reached his chopsticks just below the fish eye and picked out the soft meat. “Amy, your favorite.”he said, offering me the tender fish cheek. I wanted to disappear.

At the end of the meal, my father leaned back and burped(打嗝) loudly, thanking my mother for her fine cooking. “It's a polite Chinese custom to show you are satisfied.”explained my father to our astonished guests. Robert was looking down at his plate with a reddish face. The minister managed to bring up a quiet burp. I was shocked into silence for the rest of the night.

After everyone had gone,my mother said to me,“You want to be the same as American girls on the outside.”She handed me an early gift.It was a miniskirt.“But inside you must always be Chinese.You must be proud that you are different.Your only shame is to have shame.”

It was not until years later that I was able to fully appreciate her lesson and the purpose behind her particular menu. For Christmas Eve that year, she had chosen excellent Chinese food.

64. When the writer found out the minister's family  would come for Christmas Eve dinner, she cried  mainly because ________.

A. she worried about their shabby Chinese Christmas

B. she worried about their Chinese relatives lacking American manners

C. she worried about meeting the minister's family

D. she worried about being laughed at

65.What does “he was not worthy of existence” probably mean? It means________.

A. the writer was not interested in his existence

B. he was worthless

C. he should not exist

D. the writer expected his coming

66.The dinner threw the writer deeper into disappointment mainly because________.

A. her relatives licked the ends of their chopsticks

B. her father reached his chopsticks to pick fish for her

C. her father leaned back and burped loudly

D. she childishly expected all of them to act in the same way as Americans at table

67.We can infer from the passage that ________.

A. the writer appreciated her mother's lesson years later

B. the writer must be proud that she is different

C. the mother prepared to show Chinese different food culture

D. the minister's family really enjoyed the food

 

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We tried so hard to make things better for our kids but we made them worse. For my naughty boys, I’d know better. I’d really like for them to know about hand-me-down clothes and home-made ice cream and leftover meatloaf. I really would.
My cherished boys, I hope you learn humility (谦逊) by surviving failure and that you learn to be honest even when no one is looking. I hope you get a black eye fighting for something you believe in. I hope you have to share a bedroom with your younger brother. And it is all right to draw a line down the middle of the room, but when he wants to crawl (爬) under the covers (被子) with you because he’s scared, I hope you’ll let him. And when you want to see a Disney movie and your kid brother wants to tag along, I hope you take him.
  I hope you have to walk uphill with your friends and that you live in a town where you can do it safely. I hope you learn to dig in the dirt and read books, and when you learn to use computers, you also learn how to add and subtract (减) in your head.
May you skin your knee climbing a mountain, burn your hand on the stove and stick your tongue on a frozen flagpole (旗杆). I hope you get sick when someone blows smoke in your face. I don’t care if you try beer once, but I hope you won’t like it.
I sure hope you make time to sit on a porch with your grandpa or go fishing with your uncle.
I hope your father punishes you when you throw a baseball through a neighbor’s window, and that your mother hugs you and kisses you when you give her a plaster of pared mold (一个石膏模型) of your hand.
  These things I wish for you—tough times and disappointment, hard work and happiness.
【小题1】Who wrote the letter?

A.A grandmother.B.A grandfather.C.A father.D.A mother.
【小题2】What does the author hope for the boys?
A.they learn a lesson from a fight with others.
B.they know how to calculate with computers.
C.they get on well with family members..
D.they burn their hand on the stove and stick their tongue on a frozen flagpole.
【小题3】It can be inferred from the text that the boys _________________.
A.often fight with othersB.are to develop good qualities
C.always keep their grandpa companyD.score high in the exam
【小题4】 Why does the author write the letter?
A.To show the boys it’s not easy growing up.
B.To teach the boys dos and don’ts on the way growing up.
C.To help the boys to avoid making mistakes on the way growing up.
D.To encourage the boys to fully experience life on the way growing up.

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阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从第36至第55小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。                         

Washoe is a young chimpanzee(黑猩猩). She is no 36 chimpanzee, though. Scientists are doing a research 37her. They want to see how civilized(驯化)she can 38 Already she does many things a human being can do.

  For example, she has been learning how to exchange 39with people. The scientists are teaching her 40language. When she wants to be picked 41, Washoe points up with one finger. She rubs her teeth with her finger 42she wants to brush her teeth. This is done after every meal.

  Washoe has also been 43to think out and find answers to problems. Once she was put in a 44with food hanging from the ceiling. It was too high to 45 . After she considered the 46 she got a tall box to stand 47The food was still too high to be reached.Washoe found a 48pole. Then she climbed onto the49, grasped the pole, and 50 down the food with the pole.

Washoe 51 like a human, too. The scientists keep her in a fully furnished(家具齐全的)house. After a hard 52in the laboratory, she goes home. 53 she plays with her toys. She 54 enjoys watching television before going to bed.

  Scientists hope to 55 more about people by studying our closest,relative(亲属)—chimpanzee.

A.foolish     B.ordinary     C.special      D.simple

A.for      B.by       C.to        D.on

A.experience    B.change     C.develop     D.become

A.actions     B.views      C.messages     D.feelings

A.sign      B.human     C.spoken      D.foreign

A.out      B.at       C.on       D.up

A.when     B.until       C.since      D.while

A.raised     B.trained       C.ordered     D.led

A.cave     B.zoo        C.room      D.museum

A.pull      B.see       C.eat       D.reach

A.problem   B.position     C.food      D.ceiling

A.by      B.on      C.up        D.with

A.straight     B.strong     C.long      D.big

A.wall      B.box      C.ceiling     D.pole

A.knocked    B.picked     C.took      D.shook

A.lives      B.acts      C.thinks      D.plays

A.task      B.lesson     C.day       D.time

A.Here     B.There      C.So        DThen

A.quite     B.already      C.even      D.still

A.observe   B.discover      C.gain      D.learn

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第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题2分,满分20分)

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从21-30各题所给的ABC和D项中,选出最佳选项.

The finest and most sought-after violins were handcrafted by an Italian violin maker over 250 years ago. The man’s name was Antonius Stradivarius. He was born in 1644 and began his career   21   a violin maker’s apprentice (学徒). Working on his own by 1680, he became determined to make   22   that could reproduce tones as rich as those produced by the human voice. He  23    several shapes and styles for his violins until he arrived at a design that pleased him. During his career he crafted 1,100 violins. Those in   24   have become treasured possessions.

    Unfortunately, the secret of the Stradivarius violin died with its maker. During his lifetime Stradivarius kept his notes safely   25  , even his two sons, who helped him in his workshop, did not know all the steps involved in each violin’s construction.

    Through the years, many experts have offered    26   explanations for the unique tone of a “Strad”. Some say it is due to the violin’s shape. Others suggests that the secret    27   the special properties(特性) of the wood, which Stradivarius obtained from native Italian trees that no longer exist. The most widely accepted explanation is that it is created by the varnish(清漆) that the    28    used to coat his violins. Chemists have analyzed as closely as possible the varnish and have found its    29    has improved the sound of many violins.   30   , no other violin maker has been able to fully reproduce the tone of the Stradivarius’s violins.

21.  A. with                       B. as                     C. for                D. from

22.  A. Instruments    B. facilities      C. equipment     D. tools

23.  A. investigated      B. surveyed      C. tested            D. experimented

24.  A. fashion       B. existence          C. possession      D. use

25.  A. protected           B. buried          C. hidden          D. covered

26.  A. possible        B. accurate                C. detailed         D. persuasive

27.  A. brings in        B. takes in       C. results in      D. lies in

28.  A. master       B. violinist          C. expert            D. user

29.  A. attention               B. application      C. invention      D. foundation

30.  A. Additionally     B. Luckily            C. Therefore       D. Still

 

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