The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to people’s desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers’ money.

Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of

bread was offered to dieters (节食者) with the message that there were fewer calories in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic (适合于节食的), but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf.

　　On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumer’s real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising.

　　Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumers still control the final buying decision.

56. Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by _________.

　 A. stressing their high quality

　 B. convincing him of their low price

　 C. maintaining a balance between quality and price

　 D. appealing to his buying motives

57. The reason why the bread advertisement is misleading is that ________.

　 A. thin slices of bread could contain more calories

　 B. the loaf was cut into regular slices

　 C. the bread was not genuine bread

　 D. the total number of calories in the loaf remained the same

58. The passage tells us that _______.

　 A. sometimes advertisements really sell what the consumer needs

　 B. advertisements occasionally force consumers into buying things they don’t need

　 C. the buying motives of consumers are controlled by advertisements

　 D. fire insurance is seldom a worthwhile investment

59. It can be inferred from the passage that a smart consumer should ________.

　 A. think carefully about the benefits described in the advertisements

　 B. guard against the deceiving nature of advertisements

　 C. be familiar with various advertising strategies

　 D. avoid buying products that have strong emotional appeal

60. The passage is mainly about ________.

　 A. how to make a wise buying decision

　 B. ways to protect the interests of the consumer

　 C. the positive and negative aspects of advertising

　 D. the function of advertisements in promoting sales

 

How men first learned to invent words is unknown, in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken, or written in letters, we call words.

The power of words, then, lies in their association-the thing they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and the sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increase.

Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey （表达，传递）his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they make our speech silly and vulgar.（粗俗的）

Which of the following about a real poet is NOT true?

A．He is less than a master of words.

B．His style is always charming.

C．His poem can move men to tears.

D．He can express his ideas in words that sing like music.

Where does the real power of the words come from?

A．From the words themselves. 　　

B．From their characteristics.

C．From their curiosity.

D．From their association.

What is the main idea of the passage?　

A．The importance of choosing words.

B．Where the real power of words come from.

C．What great writers are like.

D．We should learn to choose words carefully.

The beauty of the place is more than I can describe. I am sure whoever sees it will _____ its charm.

　　A. appeal to   B. stick to    C. keep to    D. yield to