Directions： Read the following passage. Complete the diagram by using the information for the passage.

Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer.

The contemporary environmental movement is often said to have begun with the publication of Silent Spring by the zoologist and biologist Rachel Carson (1907–1964). This landmark work, which took Carson 4 years to complete, diligently detailed the relationship between animal death  and the use— now understood as the abuse—of man-made chemicals used as pesticides, especially DDT. One of the claims of the book that she tried to demonstrate was that DDT had the effect of softening the eggshells of birds as well as interfering with their reproduction, and that such effects would lead to their extinction if use of DDT were to continue. It would eventually create a springtime of silence when the songs of birds would not be heard. Her studies also found DDT to be a cause of human cancers.

Born in Springdale, Pennsylvania, Carson graduated from the Pennsylvania College for Women in Pittsburgh (now Chatham College), where she majored in English until her junior year, when a course in biology inspired her to switch to zoology as her field of concentration. She earned a master’s degree in this area from Johns Hopkins University and became a biologist at the Bureau of Fisheries in 1936. During this time, she wrote for various national magazines, and her first book, Under the Sea-Wind, was published. Carson had concerns as early as 1945 about pesticides being used more and more by the government. But her cautionary claims in Silent Spring were met with anger by the pesticide and chemical industries. Her authority as a scientist were challenged, and it was held that her findings were just the roars of a hysterical(歇斯底里的) woman. She was even accused of being a member of the Communist Party. Some go so far as to say that she told a lie .

But She is often celebrated as the founder of the contemporary U.S. environmental movement. Yet her work in Silent Spring, warning about the misuse of pesticides and other chemicals, has not as yet taken firm hold. Americans likely use twice as much the volume of pesticides that they did at the time she published her seminal work, and globally, their use is ever increasing. Powerful pesticides are sold over the counter, and their use is so widespread that many environmentalists are fearful that chemical runoff into streams and rivers is still popullting the animals that humans eat and the water that they drink.

In short, while the main purpose of Silent Spring was to warn the public of the dangers of the overuse of pesticides and chemicals, nonetheless the public hasn’t refused such use. Isn't it time that we firmly said no to pesticides?

She tried to_______laughing，but it didn’t work;the performer gave her an angry look at her.

A.prevent                            B.stop from                  C.stop                    D.keep

1.She tried to _____ out of the window to see the procession more clearly.

   A. bend            B. lean           C. bow            D. slope

2．Throughout most of their lives, humans _____ learn and increase their mental capacity.

    A. actually         B. readily        C. fairly        D. primarily

第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21 – 40 各题所给的四个选项（A, B, C, 和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
It was so cold that I couldn’t feel my legs. There was going to be a racing contest that night so I was 21 my horse, Skippy, up. I was simply running laps(跑道的圈) around the ring. The  22  cold air had been blowing past me, freezing my limbs, but every second I  23  it. You could hear the faint  24  of the people up at the clubhouse eating their dinner. My parents were also there, not knowing that my little sister had slowly wandered her way down to the ring. It was  25  because there was no moon or stars. Nobody else was in the ring at the time. I was really enjoying the 26  and I was able to  27  what Skippy was doing. As I took my last lap it  28 . Everything rapidly slowed down as I saw my little sister step  29   the ring. I saw true fear on her face because she knew she wouldn’t be  30  to move out of the way fast enough. She knew that she was going to get hit.
She tried to  31  but nothing came out of her fear-dried throat. When my horse got to her, he was still in a full out run.  32 , miraculously(奇迹般地), he slid so hard on his back feet that he  33 . It really made the  34  seem absolutely unreal. I thought that maybe I was  35 . I had  36  in my mind that I wasn’t seeing what was happening. I knew I had hit my sister. There was no way I could have  37  her. My horse was rising straight up and while he was in the air I couldn’t breathe. It’s like I forgot  38 . As all of this happened I watched my sister’s face transform (变形) through many different  39 : terror, confusion, curiosity, and then a sort of relief. Then she was laughing.
As I held my sister into my arms, Skippy stood right behind me knowing that I actually owed him my life  40  he saved my sister’s.
21.A. picking                B. warming                  C. catching                   D. setting
22.A. bitterly                B. hardly                      C. gently                      D. perfectly
23.A. challenged                  B. witnessed                 C. enjoyed                    D. hated
24.A. ceremony                   B. tradition                   C. victory                            D. laughter
25.A. windy                        B. bright                      C. dark                         D. cloudy
26.A. quiet                          B. quality                            C. impression                D. significance
27.A. rely on                   B. focus on                   C. insist on                   D. put on
28.A. let out                 B. held on                    C. participated in               D. took place
29.A. close to               B. out of                      C. into                         D. towards
30.A. able                 B. frightened          C. content                     D. proud
31.A. evaluate               B. worry                      C. scream                            D. escape
32.A. Accidentally         B. Normally                 C. Generally                 D. Somehow
33.A. sped up               B. rose up                        C. broke down                     D. wore out
34.A. moment               B. contest                            C. comment                  D. technique
35.A. advancing                   B. breathing                  C. concluding               D. dreaming
36.A. that                            B. none                        C. neither                            D. it
37.A. hit                      B. recognized                C. missed                            D. acknowledged
38.A. how                           B. what                        C. when                       D. why
39.A. actions                B. emotions                  C. attitudes                   D. thoughts
40.A. if                               B. because                    C. as if                         D. so that

From a young age, it was my dream to go to Africa and work with animals. Everybody laughed at me, but my mother, Vanne, told me never to give up, and that I could always find a way.

So, when I was 23, after saving up my earnings from working as a waitress, I went to wild, untamed (野性的) Africa and began my work. In 1960 I went to the Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve. At that time, we knew nothing of the behavior or social structure of chimps (黑猩猩), and I was to go there and see what I could find out. Usually, when you wake up, you leave your dreams behind you, but I found myself waking up to my dream.

As the British government wouldn’t let me go without older women’s company, my amazing mother came with me and stayed for four months. We shared a second-hand army tent, and we used the stream for fresh water and washing. We could swim in the lake, although there were crocodiles.

It was beautiful there, although both my mother and I nearly died of malaria (疟疾). I was scared I wouldn’t be able to do what I had set out to, because, at first, the chimps ran away from me in fear. I spent my days watching, listening, tracking and in the evenings writing up my notes.

For my mother, who stayed back at the camp, it must have been terrifying, and very lonely. There were snakes and spiders, as well as an old leopard who would come by. But she had an amazing way with people, and would hand out medicines to the fishermen, who saw her as a witch doctor.

In my fifth month there, I finally saw one of the chimps, which I called David Greybeard, stripping (剥光) straw to “fish” for termites (白蚁). It proved that man wasn’t the only toolmaker, and that everything had to be redefined.

What does the author mean by saying “I found myself waking up to my dream” in the second paragraph?

A. She lacked sleep due to busy work.

B. She found her dream was hard to realize.

C. She had more new dreams about her work.

D. She tried to realize her dream every day.

The author was afraid at the Reserve in the beginning because _____.

A. there were crocodiles in the lake    B. she could not get close to the chimps

C. it was hard to get clean water   D. the chimps attacked her sometimes

The author’s mother was thought of by the local people as _____.

A. helpful and warm-hearted         B. funny and selfish

C. romantic and talkative  D. honest and hardworking

Which of the following is the author’s important discovery?

A. She found a new kind of termite.

B. Chimps can communicate with each other.

C. Some other animals can also make tools.

D. Chimps can find medicines to cure themselves.