E

Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric（结构） of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed（加速） physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant form city centers than they were in the premodern era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery（周围）of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years – lots that could have housed five to six million people.

Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl（建筑物无计划延伸） was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision （再划分小区）there proceeded much faster than population growth.

72．With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?

       A．Types of mass transportation.

       B．Instability of urban life.

       C．How supply and demand determine land use.

       D．The effect of mass transportation on urban expansion.

73．Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago?

       A．To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth.

       B．To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation.

       C．To show mass transportation changed many cities.

       D．To contrast their rate of growth.

74．According to the passage, what was one disadvantage of residential expansion?

       A．It was expensive.

       B．It happened too slowly.

       C．It was unplanned.

       D．It created a demand for public transportation.

75．The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city,

       A．that is large.

       B．that is used as a model for land development.

       C．where the development of land exceeded population growth.

       D．with an excellent mass transportation system.

根据对话内容，将方框内符合对话情境的句子填在对话空白处，使对话恢复完整。选项中有两项是多余的。

A: You look tired today. What’s the matter? 

B: 1.____________________. 

A: Why? 

B: I had a terrible dream. 2.___________________. 

A: Then? 

B: I shouted for a long time. 3.____________________. 

A: Then? 

B: Then I woke up. 4.______________________. I couldn’t get to sleep and I  kept awake until six. 

A: 5.___________________. Maybe you have too much pressure. Try to relax yourself. 

B: Thank you. 

A. When I was walking to school, I fell into a river. 

B. I’m tired, too. 

C. But nobody came to help me. 

D. I didn’t sleep well last night. 

E. What a terrible night. 

F. It was two o’clock in the morning. 

G. You are so lucky.

When I took his temperature, it was two degrees above _____.

         A. average    B. ordinary    C. regular    D. normal

 When I took his temperature, it was two degrees above _____.
A. average          B. ordinary              C. regular             D. normal

It was two years ago in winter when I went with my family to Engadine in Switzerland. The journey by car was pleasant until we reached the bottom of the Julier Pass(尤里尔隘口) when it began to snow.

Suddenly, the weather became very bad and soon we found ourselves in a storm. On the top of the pass, the visibility(能见度) was almost zero and we had to guess where the crash barrier(防撞护栏) was. It was terrible, the snow turned into ice and stuck to the windows despite the heating being set at full blast. Several times I had to get out of the car to clear the ice from the windshield(挡风玻璃).

But the way down towards Silvaplana was less stressful and we knew that we would arrive in paradise(乐园). It snowed without interruption the first day of our holidays and not being used to this natural weather, we found it simply magical to watch so much snow falling down on the mountains.

The following day, in this large, amazing area made up of frozen lakes and rivers between white mountains, we discovered a little hut next to the cross-country ski tracks, close to a farm. There was a fridge in this heated wooden cabin that contained milk, cheese and yoghurts for self-service. There was a list of prices for each item. You took what you wanted, then wrote down the total on a notebook what you had taken and put the money into an open box and if necessary took the change.

Where else could you find such trust? As I’ve already told you, Engadine is a paradise.

69.The author and his family were caught in a storm when they_______.

A. began the visit to Engadine                          B. were in Silvaplana

C. were passing the Julier Pass                         D. crashed into barriers

70. According to the passage, in the little hut________.

A. foods were offered to tourists for free    B. tourists had to serve themselves

C. tourists had to enjoy their own food       D. there were several persons on duty every day

71. What may impress the author most?

A. The white mountains.                  B. The Julier Pass.

C. The frozen lake .                            D. The little hut.