Recently, tests have proved that Beethoven died from lead（铅）poisoning. Bill Walsh directed the Beethoven Research Project. Mr Walsh and his team examined pieces of bone belonging to Beethoven. They found a large amount of lead in the bone pieces. They said the lead levels were equal to those found in pieces of his hair in earlier studies of other scientists.

Genetic tests proved the bone pieces and hair came from Beethoven. The researchers also examined bone fragments（碎片 from someone else who lived during the same period. Both were from the top of the skull. The fragments from Beethoven had more lead than those from the other person. Their study didn’t find measurable levels of cadmium (镉) or mercury (汞), which scientists used to consider were the causes of his health problems.

  Beethoven was sick for much of his life. He experienced strong stomach pains, a sign of lead poisoning, and a change of personality when he was around 20. He also got angry easily, and suffered from depression and hearing loss. His health problems became worse as Beethoven grew older.

  Walsh said the lead levels found in Beethoven’s skull（颅骨） suggested the metal might have been present in his body for many years. He said although there had been recognized cases of deafness caused by lead poisoning, there was no strong evidence to suggest that lead poisoning was the cause of Beethoven’s deafness.

  Ludwig van Beethoven visited many doctors to find a cure for his health problems. In a letter he wrote to a friend, he asked researchers to examine his body after he died so that other people would not have to suffer as he did.

During the research, Walsh and his team didn’t ______.

A. examine the bone pieces of Beethoven

B. examine the bone pieces of another person

C. examine the lead levels of Beethoven’s hair

D. measure the cadmium or mercury in Beethoven’s bones

From the passage, we can learn that ___________.

A. this is the first research into the cause of Beethoven’s death

B. any amount of lead will do great harm to people’s health

C. more lead was found in Beethoven’s bones than in his hair

D. scientists used to think that Beethoven’s death was caused by other metals instead of lead

In which section（版）of the newspaper might you read this report?

A. Health.          B. Technology          C. Entertainment.           D. Culture.

What is the best title of the passage?

A. A surprising discovery about Beethoven.

B. Beethoven died from lead poisoning.

C. Lead — a killer metal for human beings.

D. New examination of Beethoven’s body.

Once Wilhelm K. Roentgen and several other scientists were experimenting with passing electric currents through certain gases in a special glass tube from which the air had been taken away. Then one day Roentgen noticed that when the tube was covered with black paper, some strange kind of radiation was coming through and making a screen nearby glow(发光). Roentgen could see anything out of the tube, but then he discovered that if he put the screen at the next room on the other side of a closed door, the rays still seemed to affect it. The glowing screen showed that the rays could pass not only through the black paper but also through wood.

The next thing he found out was that if he put his hand between the rays and a photographic

plate, the rays would print a shadow of the bony(骨头的) framework of his hand on the plate. In fact, the rays could pass as easily through the fleshy part of his hand as through the black paper. But hardly at all through the bone. So Roentgen made the first X-ray picture of a hand showing just how the bones in the hand fitted together.

Roentgen called the unknown rays X-rays, but other scientists called them Roentgen rays in

Roentgen discovered X-rays ___________.

       A．by working hard             B．by chance

       C．by doing experiment after experiment    D．with the help of several other scientists

What was in the special glass tube?

       A．Air   B．Nothing    C．Nothing but gases    D．None of the above

We may conclude that the rays Roentgen found were __________.

       A．dangerous B．invisible   C．colorful    D．poisonous

What could X-rays hardly pass through?

       A．Wood       B．Glass C．Bones       D．Black paper

Which title best gives the main idea of the passage?

       A．the Discovery of Roentgen Rays.    B．The Discovery of Electric Currents.

       C．The First X-ray Picture of a Hand. D．The Use of the Photographic Plate.

 When people first walked across the Bering Land Bridge thousands of years ago, dogs were by their sides, according to a study published in the journal Science.

   Robert Wayne of the University of California, Los Angeles, and Jennifer Leonard of the Smithsonian Institute, used DNA material—some of it unearthed by miners in Alaska—to conclude that today’s domestic dog originated in Asia and accompanied the first humans to the New World about 10,000 to 15,000 years ago. Wayne suggests that man’s best friend may have enabled the tough journey from Asia into North America. “Dogs may have been the reason people made it across the land bridge,” said Wayne. “They can pull things, carry things, defend you from fierce animals, and they’re useful to eat.”

   Researchers have agreed that today’s dog is the result of the domestication(驯化) of wolves thousands of years ago. Before this recent study, a common thought about the precise origin of North America’s domestic dog was that Natives domesticated local wolves, the descendents(后代) of which now live with people in Alaska, Canada, and the Lower 48.

   Dog remains from a Fairbanks-area gold mine helped the scientists reach their conclusion. Leonard, an evolutionary biologist, collected DNA from 11 bones of ancient dogs that were locked in permafrost(永冻层) until Fairbanks miners uncovered them in the 1920s. The miners donated the preserved bones to the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, where they remained untouched for more than 70 years. After borrowing the bones from the museum, Leonard and her colleagues used radiocarbon techniques to find the age of the Alaska dogs. They found the dogs all lived between the years of 1450 and 1675 A.D., before Vitus Bering and Aleksey Chirikov who were the first known Europeans to view Alaska in 1741. The bones of dogs that wandered the Fairbanks area centuries ago should therefore be the remains of “pure native American dogs,” Leonard said. The DNA of the Fairbanks dogs would also expose whether they were the descendents of wolves from North America.

   Along with the Fairbanks samples, the researchers collected DNA from bones of 37 dog specimens(标本) from Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia that existed before the arrival of Columbus. In the case of both the Alaska dogs and the dogs from Latin America, the researchers found that they shared the most genetic material with gray wolves of Europe and Asia. This supports the idea of domestic dogs entering the New World with the first human explorers who wandered east over the land bridge.

   Leonard and Wayne’s study suggests that dogs joined the first humans that made the adventure across the Bering Land Bridge to slowly populate the Americas. Wayne thinks the dogs that made the trip must have provided some excellent service to their human companions or they would not have been brought along. “Dogs must have been useful because they were expensive to keep,” Wayne said. “They didn’t feed on mice; they fed on meat, which was a very guarded resource.”

1. The underlined word “remains” is closed in meaning to ______.

A. leftover food     B. animal waste

C. dead bodies    D. living environment

2. According to the study described in Paragraph 4, we can learn that ______.

A. ancient dogs entered North America between 1450 and 1675 AD

B. the 11 bones of ancient dogs are not from native American dogs

C. the bones discovered by the gold miners were from North American wolves

D. the bones studied were not from dogs brought into North America by Europeans

3. What can we know from the passage?

A. Native Americans domesticated local wolves into dogs.

B. Scientists discovered some ancient dog remains in 1920s.

C. Latin America’s dogs are different from North America’s in genes.

D. Ancient dogs entered North America across the Bering Land Bridge.

4. The first humans into the New World brought dogs along with them because ______.

A. dogs fed on mice                    B. dogs were easy to keep

C. dogs helped protect their resources      D. dogs could provide excellent service

5.What does the passage mainly talk about ______.

A. the origin of the North American dogs

B. the DNA study of ancient dogs in America

C. the reasons why early people entered America

D. the difference between Asian and American dogs

 

Researchers in the United States have developed the first wirelessly controlled device that can supply a drug directly into the body. A small chip is implanted (植入) under the skin. It contains the medicine, which it releases at preset times. The developers say the device could improve the lives of millions of people who take medicine for long-term illnesses. A company called Microchips began developing the device about fifteen years ago. Last month, the company released the results of its first successful tests in humans. The tests took place in Denmark with seven women with osteoporosis（骨质疏松症）.

Osteoporosis causes bones to become weak and break easily. The disorder is common among older people especially women. Many patients have to give themselves daily injection（注射）of medicine. One type of treatment requires injections for two years. The patients stop taking the medicine because of the pain and stress of the injections. As a result, only twenty-five percent of the patients will go through the entire twenty-four months of treatment.

The microchip is a few centimeters long. It has small sections and each section holds a single dose（单次剂量）of medicine. The device has to be programmed with the times to release the drug. Doctors will be able to reprogram the device from a computer or even a cell phone.

For osteoporosis, the physician will program the device, and the device has the ability to release a dose at a given time, every single day. For other diseases, where the physician may want to change the dosing schedule, they will have the ability to wirelessly reprogram that dosing schedule.

The seven women in the study were ages of sixty-five to seventy. The researchers say the implants were just as effective as daily injections. And they say the medicine amounts were more exact than patients often give themselves.

1.The best title for the passage should be ______.

A．A New Company Called Microchips

B．A New Way to Take Medicine Every Day

C．Good News for Women with Osteoporosis

D．Taking Medicine, with Microchip under Skin

2.What does the underlined word “released” in paragraph 1 mean?

A．Announced.       B．Planned.          C．Got rid of.         D．Caught hold of.

3.We can learn from Paragraph 2 that ______.

A．older people especially men easily develop steoporosis

B．bones’ becoming weak and breaking easily causes steoporosis

C．a quarter of the patients will go through the entire two years of treatment

D．pain and stress of the injections lead all patients to stop taking medicine

4.What advantages does the microchip have?

a. effective implants  

b. less exact medicine amounts

c. purposely—changed dosing schedule

d. only one centimeter long and having small sections

e. improving the lives of millions of people

A．a, b, c            B．c, d, e            C．a, c, e            D．b, c, d

5.In which column of a newspaper could we find this passage?

A．Arts.             B．Jobs.             C．Sports.            D．Medicine.

 

完形填空 （共15小题； 每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从下列各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该题涂黑。

I climbed the stairs slowly，carrying a big suitcase，my father following with two more. By the time I got to the third floor，I was　1　and at the same time feeling lonely. Worse still，Dad　2　a step and fell，sending my new suitcases 　3　down the stairs. “Damn!”he screamed，his face turning red. I knew trouble was ahead. Whenever Dad's face turns red，　4　！

How could I ever　5　him to finish unloading the car without screaming at me and making a scene in front of the other girls，girls I would have to spend the rest of the  6  with？Doors were opening and faces peering out(探出)，as Dad walked with difficulty close behind. I felt it in my bones that my college life was getting off to a(n)　7　start.

“Enter the room quickly，”I thought. “Get him into a chair and calmed down.” But then again，would there be a chair in Room 316？Or would it be a(n)　8　room？

　 

Finally I turned the key in the lock and   9   the door open，with Dad still   10    about a hurting knee or something. I put my head in，　11　the worst. But to my　12　，the room wasn't empty at all！It had furniture，curtains，a TV，and even paintings on the walls.

And there on a well??made bed sat Amy，my new roommate，dressed neatly. Greeting me with a nod，she said in a soft voice，“Hi，you must be Cori.” Then，she　13　the music and looked over at Dad. “And of course，you're Mr.Faber，”she said，　14　.“Would you like a glass of iced tea？”Dad's face turned 15　 less red before he could bring out a “yes.”

I knew then that Amy and I would be friends and my first year of college would be a success.

1．A．helpless	B．lazy	C．anxious	D．tired
2．A．took	B．minded	C．missed	D．picked
3．A．falling	B．rolling	C．dropping	D．coming
4．A．go ahead	B．look out	C．hold on	D．give away
5．A．lead	B．help	C．encourage	D．get
6．A．year	B．season	C．month	D．day
7．A．fresh	B．late	C．bad	D．unfair
8．A．small	B．empty	C．new	D．neat
9．A．knocked	B．forced	C．pushed	D．tried
10．A．thinking	B．complaining	C．talking	D．arguing
11．A．expecting	B．catching	C．finding	D．forgetting
12．A．regret	B．disappointment	C．astonishment	D．knowledge
13．A．turned on	B．turned down	C．turned up	D．turned away
14．A．questioning	B．wondering	C．smiling	D．guessing
15．A．helplessly	B．hurriedly	C．happily	D．obviously