Trees should only be pruned (修剪) when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.
First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches, which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut out diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air.
One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease , but it is a wound that will heal (愈合). Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible. It is important to make the area, which has been pruned, smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the materials available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually done in winter , for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference (妨碍) from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed. If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly .
【小题1】．Why should pruning be done?

I hear many parents complain that their teenage children are rebelling (叛逆). I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of starting acting independently, most of them are holding one another's hands for reassurance (放心).
They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But they all end up listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in such a way is that the crowd is doing it. They have come out of their cocoon (茧) into a larger cocoon.
It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry has firmly developed a market for teenagers. These days every teenager can learn from the advertisements what a teenager should have and be. This is a great roadblock for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path.
But the roadblock is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you don't care to share at once with your classmates. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come—with the people who respect you for who you are. That's the only kind of popularity that is really important.
63. The author's purpose in writing this passage is to tell______.
A. readers how to be popular with people around
B. teenagers how to learn to make a decision for themselves
C. parents how to control and guide their children
D. people how to understand and respect each other
64. According to the author, many teenagers think they are brave enough to act on their own, but in fact most of them______.
A. have much difficulty understanding each other
B. lack confidence
C. dare not deal with any problems alone
D. are very much afraid of getting lost
65. The author thinks of advertisements as ______to teenagers.
A. instructive      B. attractive    C. beneficial       D. influential 
66. The main idea of the last paragraph is that a teenager should______.
A. differ from others in as many ways as possible
B. become popular with others
C. find his real self
D. rebel against his parents and the popularity wave         

Do you know what kind of things the young people are reading. More and more 26  and parents have noticed another kind of pollution, which came from the printed papers  27  on streets.
These printed things 28    newspapers but have hardly anything to do with  29  , you can only find reading materials badly made up these—— some are too strange for anyone to 30  ; others are frightening stories of something still worse. However, many of the young readers are getting interested in such   31   reading, which 32   them what they should pay for their breakfast and brings them nightmares(恶梦)and immoral(邪恶的)ideas in return. Homework was left   33  ; daily games lost.
These sellers shout on streets selling their papers well. The writers, publishers and printers, whoever they are, we never know, are  34 their silent money.
The sheep - skinned wolf's story seems to have been forgotten once again. Why not 35  this kind of thing. Yes, both teachers and parents have asked each other for more strict control of the young readers.   36    , the more you want to forbid it, the more they want to have a look at it. Sometimes you may even find out several children, driven by the curious natures,   37  one patched paper, which has traveled from hand to hand.
It really does   38   to our society. It has already formed a sort of moral pollution. The  39  teachers and parents need more powerful support in their protection of the young generation. At the same time the young readers need more interesting books to help them   40   those ugly papers.

Taking the train is a wonderful way to see America.In the 19th century,train routes appeared from coast to coast,carrying both people and goods Today,a long-distance Amtrak train trip is a different way to experience the United States.
The long-distance Amtrak trains have lots of room.Coach seats have lots of leg room and wide aisles(走廊),sightseeing lounges(休闲室) have large windows,and sleeping areas can provide a good night’s rest.On a train trip,there’s time to talk,play cards or board games,and read to one another.On a car trip,parents have to drive while on a train,parents can sit back and watch the scenery go by.Unlike an airplane,traveling by train is not the quickest way to arrive at your destination;the train is the destination in itself.
Amtrak manages long-distance trains that run through the United States.Routes have different names,such as Empire Builder,California Zephyr,Sunset Limited and Southwest Chief.The long-distance trains have double-decker cars(Superliners), sightseeing lounges, and a real dining car.On shorter trains,such as from New York to Washington.DC,the cars are single level and only have a snack bar.In the Superliner trains,the sightseeing lounge is lined with windows on the second level while on the lower level a snack bar and tables can be found.In the evening,videos are shown in the lounge car—either entertaining movies or documentaries.
Tip:As delays are common on Amtrak trains,always call the station before you go there.Otherwise,you may be cooling your heels(脚后跟) for hours.
【小题1】What’s the advantage of seeing America by train?

A．Sleeping areas.	B．Snack bars.
C．Sightseeing lounges.	D．Coach seats.

In the US, people prefer waiting for a table to sitting with people they don’t know. This means a hostess may not seat a small group until a small table is available, even if a large one is. If you are sitting at a table with people you don’t know, it is impolite to light up a cigarette without asking if it will disturb them.
At American restaurants and coffee shops you are usually served tap water before you order. You may find the bread and butter is free, and if you order coffee, you may get a free refill.
Most cities and towns have no rules about opening and closing time for stores or restaurants, though they usually do make rules for bars. Especially in large cities, stores may be open 24 hours a day.
Serving in restaurants is often large; too large for many people. If you can’t finish your meal but would like to enjoy the food later, ask your waitress or waiter for a “doggie bag”. It may have a picture of a dog on it, but everybody knows you’re taking the food for yourself.
Supper and dinner are both words for the evening meal. Some people have “Sunday dinner”. This is an especially big noon meal.
Tips are not usually added to the check. They are not included in the price of the meal, either. A tip of about 15% is expected and you should leave it on the table when you leave. In some restaurants, a check is brought on a plate and you put your money there. Then the waiter or waitress brings you your change.
【小题1】Which statement is true?