Millions of people pass through the gates of Disney’s entertainment parks in California, Florida and Japan each year. What makes these place an almost universal attraction? What makes foreign kings and queens and other important people want to visit these Disney parks? Well, one reason is the way they’re treated once they get there. The people at Disney go out of their way to serve their “guests”, as they prefer to call them, and to see that they enjoy themselves.

All new employees, from vice presidents to part-time workers, begin their employment by attending Disney University and taking “Traditions（传统）I”. Here, they learn about the company’s history, how it is managed, and why it is successful. They are shown how each department relates to the whole. All employees are shown how their part is important in making the park a success.

After passing “Traditions I”, the employees go on to do more specialized training for their specific（具体的）jobs. No detail（细节）is missed. A simple job like taking tickets requires four eight-hour days of training. When one ticket taker was asked why it took so much training for such a simple, ordinary job, he replied, “What happens if someone wants to know where the restrooms are, when the parade starts or what bus to take back to the campgrounds?…We need to know the answers or where to get them quickly. Our constant aim is to help our guests enjoy the party.”

Even Disney’s managers get involved in the daily management of the park. Every year, the mangers leave their desks and business suits and put on special service clothes. For a full week, the bosses sell hot dogs or ice cream, take tickets or drive the monorail（单轨车）, and take up any of the 100 jobs that make the entertainment park come alive. The managers agree that this week help them to see the company’s goals more clearly.

All these efforts to serve the public well have made Walt Disney Productions famous. Disney is considered by many as the best mass service provider in America or the world. As one longtime business observer once said, “How Disney treats people, communicates with them, rewards them , is in my view the very reason for his fifty years of success… I have watched, very carefully and with great respect and admiration, the theory and practice of selling satisfaction and serving millions of people on a daily basis, successfully. It is what Disney does best.”

36. The first day they come to Disney parks, all new employees      .

  A. begin by receiving on-the-job training

  B. must learn several jobs

  C. begin as ticket takers

  D. have already attended Disney University

37. Each year, managers wear special service clothes and work in the park to      .

  A. set a good example for employees

  B. remind themselves of their beginnings at Disney

  C. gain a better view of the company’s objectives

  D. replace employees on holiday

38. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

  A. Tourists learn the history of Disney in its entertainment parks.

  B. Disney attracts people almost from all over the world.

  C. Parades are regularly held in Disney’s entertainment parks.

  D. Disney’s managers are able to do almost all kinds of work in the Disney parks.

39. This passage is mainly about      .

  A. how Disney employees are trained

  B. the history and traditions of the Disney enterprises

  C. why Disney enterprises make a lot of money

  D. the importance Disney place on serving people well

Half of all bosses say a lack of sleep makes them irritable (易怒的) and prone to(有……倾向的) shout at their staff, a study said.

One in five managers also said being kept awake at night meant they were more likely to make mistakes, the Mori poll of 1,006 people revealed(显示).

Some 48% of people aged 35 to 44 said they did not get enough sleep compared to a national average 39%.

Among that age group, people with young children and managerial (管理的) jobs were most likely to suffer. 

The report, commissioned (委托) by the think tank De??mos and Ikea, said the issue of sleep had been forgotten in the work / life balance debate.

Report author Charles Leadbeater said, "On any working day, a quarter of all managers in Britain are likely to be in a bad mood because they have not slept well. "

"These sleep-deprived and shouty managers with a tend??ency to make mistakes are responsible for millions of British workers. It’s hardly a recipe for good management. "

And Mr. Leadbeater called on the government and em??ployers to take action.

A small loss of sleep is likely to have a big impact on people who lead stressful lives.

"Stressed out parents are already not sleeping enough. They are the people most likely to have their sleep disrupted and they are least able to recover."  

Apart from children keeping their parents awake, worrying about work is the biggest cause of wakefulness at night among managers.

Women are five times more likely than men to lose sleep because their partners snore (打呼噜).

The report predicted that there was likely to be a growing market of　sleep-deprived people, with an increase in "public napping".

Opportunities to take a nap at work are also likely to in??crease, and the report recommended that employers take their responsibility for ensuring employees were well slept more se??riously.

Peter Jelkeby, marketing manager at Ikea, said the re??search confirmed suspicions Britons were not getting enough sleep.  

And he added: "This is having a detrimental effect on our society as a whole. "

9. Which of following is true according to the text?

A. Half of the people say a lack of sleep makes them irrita??ble.

B. 20% managers said being kept awake at night meant they were more likely to make mistakes.

C. Some 48% of people said they did not get enough sleep.

D. People with young children and managerial jobs were most likely to suffer.

10. What does the underlined word "detrimental" mean?

A 良好的.          B.有害的           C.片面的     D.致命的

11. Who that suffered sleep disrupted are least able to recover?

A. The bosses.                 B. Managers.

C. People aged 35 to 44.               D. Stressed out parents.

12. Apart from children keeping: their parents awake, ________is the biggest cause of wakefulness at night among managers.

A. worrying about work            B. their partners’ snoring

C. the relationship                        D. working conditions

Most Americans enjoy moving from place to place. For example, they often drive their cars 120 to 160 kilometers away just to have dinner with a friend or even fly to Europe just for watching a football match. In some states only one person in five lives in a place for more than five years. One may be born in one city, and go to school in another. He may finish his middle school in two or three cities, and then attend a college far across the country. When he has entered business, he may possibly move from job to job. Moving from one job to another, which is called “job-hopping”, is a very common practice in the United States. Job-hopping is good to workers, because every change of a job gives them a chance to move up to a higher position and to get better pay. And job-hopping also gives bosses the chance to get new ideas and skills that different people bring to their companies and factories.

1. According to this passage, Americans often travel_______.

A. in order to have dinner with their friends

B. in order to watch football matches

C. to enjoy themselves

D. in order to find a new job

2. In some places in America, ________ for more than five years.

A. most people stay in one place

B. about 20% of the people live in one place

C. the owners of houses stay in one place

D. the owners of five house stay in one place

3. In the USA, job-hopping_______.

A. has become the custom (习惯)

B. has helped young people to attend to college

C. has helped students to enter business

D. has helped worker in traveling

4. The writer thinks________.

A. job-hopping does good either to workers or to the bosses

B. job-hopping does good neither to the workers nor to the bosses

C. little of the job-hopping

D. highly of the job-hopping

完型填空（每小题1.5分，满分30分）

Charlie and Jackie joined a wholesale company together just after graduation. Both worked very hard. After several years, the bosses promote Jackie to sales executive but Charlie_46_ a salesman. One day Charlie could not __47_ it anymore, tendered his resignation(辞职书) to the boss and complained the boss did not __48__ hard working staff, but only promoted those who flattered him. He thought it was really __49__.

The boss knew that Charlie had spared no _50___ for the company all these years, but in order to help Charlie realize the __51__ between him and Jackie, the boss ask Charlie to do the _52___: “go and find out if anyone is selling watermelon in the market.” Charlie returned and __53__ said yes. the boss asked.“how much per kg?” Charlie went back to the market to ask and returned to ___54__ ＄12 per kg.

The boss told Charlie that we would ask Jackie the _55___ question. Jackie went, returned and said,“boss, only one person is selling watermelon, ＄12 per kg, ＄100 for 10kg.he has a _56___ of 340 melons. on the table 58 melons and every melon weighs about 15kg,_57____ from the South two days ago. they are fresh, red and of good __58__ .” Charlie was _59____ and realized the difference between himself and Jackie. he decided not to __60___ but to learn from Jackie.

If you have a chance to go to Finland, you will probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are.
Take the taxi drivers for example. Taxis in Finland are mostly high-class Benz with a fare(车费) of two US dollars a kilometer. You can go anywhere in one, tell the driver to drop you at any place, say that you have some business to attend to, and then walk off without paying your fare. The driver would not show the least sign of anxiety.
The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests, but also serve outside diners. Hotel guests have their meals free, so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals. The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration（登记） card to the waiter. With such a loose check, you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge.
The Finnish workers are paid by the hour. They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate. From then on they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly.
With so many loopholes （漏洞） in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take “petty advantages”. But the strange thing is, all the taxi passengers would always come back to pay their fare after they have attended to their business; not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms. And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in. As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do, living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”.
【小题1】The underlined words in this passage means to “______”。