题目列表(包括答案和解析)
In the Caucasus region of the Soviet Union, nearly 50 out of every 100,000 people live to celebrate their 100th birthday, and many don’t stop at 100! By comparison, in America only 3 people in 100,000 reach 100. But these Soviet old people aren’t alone. The Pakistani Hunzas, who live high in the Himalaya Mountains, and the Vilacbambans of the Andes Mountains in Ecuador seem to share the secret of long too.
These peoples remain healthy in body and spirit despite the passage of time. While many older persons in industrial societies become weak and ill in their 60s and 70s, some Soviet Georgians, aged 110 to 140, work in the fields beside their great- great- grandchildren. Even the idea of aging is foreign to them. When asked, “At what age does youth end?”, most of these old people has no answer. Several replied, “Well, perhaps at age 80.” The very youngest estimate was age 60.
What accounts for this ability to survive to such old age, and to survive so well? First of all, hard physical work is a way of life for all of these long-lived peoples. They begin their long days 
of physical labor as children and never seem to stop. For example, Mr. Rustam Mamedov is 142 years of age. He remember his life experiences: the Grimean War of 1854; the Turkish War of 1878; the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. His wife is 116 years old. They have been married for 90 years. Mr. Mamedov has no intentions of retiring from his life as a farmer. “Why? What else would I do?” he asks. Oh, he has slowed down a bit. Now he might quit for the day after 6 hours in the field instead of 10.
All these people get healthful rewards from the environment in which they work. They all come from mountainous regions. They live and work at elevations of 5,000 to 12,000 feet (1,660 to 4,000 meters) above sea level. The air has less oxygen and is pollutionfree. This reduced-oxygen environment makes the heart and blood vessel system stronger.
Another factor that may contribute to the good health of these people is their isolation. To a great ext
ent, they are separated from the pressures and worried of industrial society.
Inherited factors also play some role. Most of the longest-lived people had parents and grandparents who also reached very old ages. Good family genes may, therefore, be one factor in living longer.
Finally, although these three groups don’t eat exactly the same foods, their diets are similar. The Hunzas, Vilacbambans, and Soviets eat little animal meat
. Their diets are full of fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, cheese, and milk. They never eat more food than their bodies need.
It is clear that isolation from urban pressures and pollution, clean mountain air, daily hard work, moderate diets, good genes, and a youthful approach to life all contribute to the health and remarkable long life of all these people.
【小题1】 What kinds of things contribute to the remarkable long life of these peoples?
| A．Moderate diets | B．Clean mountain air. |
| C．Daily hard work. | D．All the above factors（因素）. |
| A．He is impressed with them | B．He doesn’t care. |
| C．He doesn’t like them. | D．He admires them. |
| A．have time to do what they want | B．being on time |
| C．time going by | D．limited time |
| A．An example of a typical long life among these people. |
| B．An example of an unusual long life among these people. |
| C．An explanation of why he is still healthy. |
| D．An example of why his wife died early than him. |
| A．Mr. Mamedov’s life. |
| B．A description of several societies where people live a long time. |
| C．Suggestions for how you can live long life. |
| D．People are healthy in mountainous regions. |
Some years ago I took on a task in a southern county to work with people on public welfare. What I
wanted to do was to show that everybody has the capacity to be self sufficient and all we have to do is to activate（激励）them. I asked the country to pick up a group of people who were on public welfare,
people from different racial groups and different family groups. I would then see them as a group for three
hours every Friday. I also asked for a little petty cash to work with, as I needed it.
The first thing I said after I shook hands with everybody was, “I’d like to know what your dreams
are.” Everyone looked at me as if I were kind of fool.
One woman said to me, “I don’t know what you can do with dreams. The rats are eating up my
kids.”
“Oh,” I said, “That’s terrible. No, of course, you are very much involved with the rats and your
kids. How can that be helped?”
“Well, I could use a new screen door because there are holes in my screen door.” I asked, “Is there
anybody around here who know how to fix a screen door?”
There was a man in the group and he said, “A long time ago I used to do things like that but now I
have a terribly bad back, but I’ll try.”
I told him I had some money if he would go to the store and but some screening and go and fix the
lady’s screen door. “Do you think you can do that?”
“Yes, I’ll try.”
The next week, when the group was seated. I said to the woman, “Well, is your screen door fixed?”
“Oh, yes.” she said.
“Then we can start dreaming, can’t we?” she sort of smiled at me.
I said to the man who did the work, “How do you feel?”
He said, “Well, you know, it’s very funny thing. I’m beginning to feel a lot better.”
That helped the group to begin to dream. These seemingly small successes allowed the group to see
that dreams were not insane. These small steps began to get people to see and feel that something really
could happen.
Everyone found something. The man who put in the screen door became a handyman. In 12 weeks, I
had all those people off public welfare. I’ve not only done that once, I’ve done that in many times.
“Why should I care about the environment?” some people ask. There is a very simple reason: We live on the earth, and it is the only place we can live on right now, as we cannot live in space yet. If we treat the earth like a garbage dump, it will become dirty and unlivable. If we treat it well by being eco-conscious, the earth will stay clean and suitable for living, for ourselves and for our children.
What is “being eco-conscious”?
Being eco-conscious means being aware of your actions, and what you do to the environment. For example, you might think, “Using hairspray is great for fixing my hair.” However, if you are eco-conscious, you would ask, “Does this hairspray have CFCs in it? Could I be destroying the earth by using hairspray?”
How can I be eco-conscious?
You can find many simple ways to help the environment in your everyday life.
When you go shopping, bring a bag or a basket with you. Please try not to use plastic bags as much as you can.
You can go to work by bike or on foot if it is not far from your home.
You can put your rubbish into different bags, which makes it convenient for recycling.
You can eat less chewing gum.
You can use your own chopsticks instead of the disposable ones in your company or in restaurants.
You can put batteries in a special box instead of in garbage bins.
You can use the water which has been used for washing vegetables or fruits to clean the floor and the toilet or to water your garden.
You can turn off the decorative lights in your room when watching TV.
You can turn down your air conditioner by one degree, as this will cause a 10% reduction in energy use.
You can use recycled paper. Every ton of recycled office paper saves 380 gallons of oil. You can also use recycled glass instead of glass made from raw materials. This will reduce the related air pollution by 20%, and the related water pollution by 50%.
Please believe that. If you do a little, it will make a big difference.
【小题1】Human beings should care about the environment because _________ .
| A．if we make the earth unlivable, we’ll have to live in space |
| B．it can help our children live better |
| C．if we don’t, the earth will become a garbage dump |
| D．it will help to make the world a good living place |
| A．be aware of the importance of protecting the environment |
| B．use plastic bags when he buys something |
| C．know nothing about CFCs |
| D．turn his air conditioner to a higher degree |
| A．share a car with your colleagues |
| B．use paper bags instead of plastic bags |
| C．use hairspray containing CFCs |
| D．use recycled glass instead of glass made from raw materials |
| A．it’s very hard for human beings to keep the earth clean and comfortable |
| B．protecting the environment is the duty of everybody |
| C．we should protect the environment together, as it’s no use doing it individually |
| D．it’s very easy to be eco-conscious |
| A．Being eco-conscious means you should know much about the environment. |
| B．The more we care, the better the environment will be. |
| C．If each of us just does a little, we can’t make any difference. |
| D．If we treat the earth badly, we’ll make a lot of trouble for ourselves. |
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In the Caucasus region of the Soviet Union, nearly 50 out of every 100,000 people live to celebrate their 100th birthday, and many don't stop at 100! By comparison, in America only 3 people in 100,000 reach 100. But these Soviet old people aren't alone. The Pakistani Hunzas, who live high in the Himalaya Mountains and the Vilacbambans of the Andes Mountains in Ecuador seem to share the secret of long too.
These peoples remain heathy in body and spirit despite the passage of time. While many older persons in industrial societies become weak and ill in their 60s and 70s, some Soviet Georgians, aged 110 to 140, work in the fields beside their great--great--grandchildren. Even the idea of aging is foreign to them. When asked, “At what age does youth end?”, most of these old people has no answer. Several replied,“Well, perhaps at age 80.” The very youngest
estimate was age 60.
What accounts for this ability to survive to such old age, and to survive so well? First of all, hard physical work is a way of life for all of these long-lived peoples. They begin their long days of physical labor as children and never seem to stop. For example, Mr Rustam Mamedov is 142 years of age. He remembers his life experiences: the Crimean War of 1854; the Turkish War of 1878; the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. His wife is 116 years old. They have been married for 90 years. Mr Mamedov has no intentions of retiring from his life as a farmer. “Why? What else would I do?” he asks. Oh, he has slowed down a bit. Now he might quit for the day after 6 hours in the field instead of 10.
All these people get healthful rewards from the environment in which they work. They all come from mountainous regions. They live and work at elevations of 5,000 to 12,000 feet (1,660 to 4,000 meters) above sea level. The air has less oxygen and is pollutionfree. This reduced-oxygen environment makes the heart and blood vessel system stronger.
Another factor that may contribute to the good health of these people is their isolation. To a great extent, they are separated from the pressures and worries of industrial society.
Inherited factors also play some role. Most of the longest-lived people had parents and grandparents who also reached very old ages. Good family genes may, therefore, be one factor in living longer.
Finally, although these three groups don't eat exactly the same foods, their diets are similar. The Hunzas, Vilacbambans, and Soviets eat little animal meat. Their diets are full of fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, cheese, and milk. They never eat more food than their bodies need.
It is clear that isolation from urban pressures and pollution, clean mountain air, daily hard work, moderate diets, good genes, and a youthful approach to life all contribute to the health and remarkable long life of all these people.
(1) What kinds of things contribute to the remarkable long life of these peoples?
[ ]
A．Moderate diets.
B．Clean mountain air.
C．Daily hard work.
D．All the above factors.
(2) How do you think the author feels about these longlived people?
[ ]
A．He is impressed with them.
B．He doesn't care.
C．He doesn't like them.
D．He admires them.
(3) According to the passage, the phrase“the passage of time” means ________.
[ ]
A．have time to do what they want
B．being on time
C．time going by
D．limited time
(4) In the passage, why does the author describe Mr Mamedov?
[ ]
A．An example of a typical long life among these people.
B．An example of an unusual long life among these people.
C．An explanation of why he is still healthy.
D．An example of why his wife died early than him.
(5) What is the main subject of this article?
[ ]
A．Mr Mamedov's life.
B．A description of several societies where people live a long time.
C．Suggestions for how you can live long life.
D．People are healthy in mountainous regions.
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