Consult the page adapted from an English dictionary and do Questions 45–48．

root1 /ru:t/ n [C]

1 ►PLANT◄ the part of a plant or tree that grows under the ground and gets water form the soil: Be careful not to damage the roots when repotting．| tree roots —see picture at germinate

2 ►CAUSE OF A PROBLEM◄ the main cause of a problem: Money is the root of all evil．| be/lie at the root of （=be the cause of a problem） Often allergies are at the root of a lot of the problems．| get to the root of （=find out the cause of a problem） | root cause （=the main reason for a problem）

3 ►OF A CUSTOM/TRADITION◄ roots the origins of a custom or tradition that has continued for a long time: has its roots in Jazz has its roots in the folk songs of the southern states of the US．

4 ►OF AN IDEA/BELIEF◄ the main part of an idea or belief which all the other parts come from: be/lie at the root of Foucault is challenging the very root of 20th century liberalism．

5 ►FAMILY CONNECTION◄ sb’s roots your con- nection with a place because you were born there, or your family used to live there: Naita has come to Ghana in search of her roots．

6 put down roots if you put down roots somewhere, you start to feel that this place is your home and to have relationships with the people there

7 ►TOOTH/HAIR ETC◄ the part of a tooth, hair etc that fixes it to the rest of your body

8 take root a） if an idea takes root, people begin to accept or believe it: The concepts of democracy and free trade are finally beginning to take root．b） if a plant takes root, it starts to grow where you have planted it

9 have a （good） root round informal especially BrE to search for something by moving other things around

10 root and branch if you destroy something root and branch, you get rid of it completely and permanently because it is bad

11 ►LANGUAGE◄ technical the basic part of a word which shows its main meaning, to which other parts can be added: The suffix ‘ness’ can be added to the root ‘cold’ to form the word ‘coldness’．—compare stem1 （4）

12 ►MATHEMATICS◄ technical a number that when multiplied by itself a certain number of times, equals the number that you have: 2 is the fourth root of 16．

         —see also cube root, square root, grass roots

root2 v

1 ►SEARCH◄ [I always + adv/prep] to search for something by moving things around: [+ through/in/ around] “Hang on a second,” said Leila, rooting through her handbag for a pen．| [+ for] pigs rooting for food

2 ►PLANT◄ a） [I] to grow roots: New shrubs will root easily in summer．b） [T usually passive] to fix a plant firmly by its roots: The bush was too firmly rooted in the hard earth to dig up easily．| root itself Clumps of thyme had rooted themselves between the rocks．—see also deeply rooted （deeply （5））

3 be rooted in to have developed from something and be strongly influenced by it: policies that are rooted in Marxist economic theory

4 be rooted to the spot to be so shocked, surprised, or frightened that you cannot move

         root for sb phr v [T] informal 1 to give support and encouragement to someone in a competition, test or difficult situation, because you want them to succeed: Good luck – we’ll all be rooting for you! 2 especially AmE to support a sports team or player by shouting and cheering: We’ll all be rooting for the Dallas Cowboys in the Superbowl．

         root sth ↔ out phr v [T] 1 to find out where a particular kind of problem exists and get rid of it: Racism cannot be rooted out without strong government action．2 informal to find something by searching for it: I’ll try and root out something suitable for you to wear．

         root sth ↔ up phr v [T] to dig or pull a plant up with its roots

1．What’s meaning of the word “roots” in the sentence “Many Americans have roots in Europe．”?

         A．The underground part of a plant．       B．One’s connection with a place．

         C．The origins of a custom or tradition．      D．The main cause of a problem．

2．What’s the fourth root of 81?

         A．27．  B．9．    C．6．    D．3．

3．Which phrase can complete the sentence “Do you think it is possible to ____ crime?”

         A．root for                B．root out               C．root up                D．root through

4．In which of the following situations can we use the phrase “be rooted to the spot”?

         A．A bush is so firmly rooted in the ground that it is difficult to pull it up．

         B．A football fan got excited when his favorite football team scored a goal．

         C．A girl became too scared to walk when she caught sight of a long snake．

         D．A man is unable to walk because he was caught in a car accident years ago．

I live in a big city with a lot of homeless(无家可归的) people. Luckily there’re small ways of helping them and you needn’t have a lot of   31 . One way to help is to buy their monthly magazine. By doing this one day, I got to   32  a young homeless man. He was often   33  the magazine at the train station.
He was a poor farmer from another country. After a while, I discovered that his   34  was close to mine. It   35__ that we were born in the same month.
I met him last year shortly   36  his birthday, and after congratulating(祝贺) him, without thinking, I asked if he had had a good day. He   37  and said that he hadn’t really celebrated(庆祝). I felt so   38__.
I just couldn’t help(情不自禁) thinking of this nice, young man being    39  on his 25th birthday with no presents, no cake, nothing! So I went home and looked in my yarn(毛线) basket.   40  for me, I had enough yarn left. I set to work and knitted(编织) a   41  for the young man. The yarn had become a little dirty   42  I didn’t knit very often. Then I washed the yarn so the scarf(围巾) would be clean when he got it.
I met him on my own birthday as I was going shopping. I had   43  to meet him so I had carried the scarf and a piece of my own birthday   44  around with me. He was very happy with these gifts and so was I. The   45  in his eyes was the best present he could have given me!

I live in a big city with a lot of homeless(无家可归的) people. Luckily there’re small ways of helping them and you needn’t have a lot of   31 . One way to help is to buy their monthly magazine. By doing this one day, I got to   32  a young homeless man. He was often   33  the magazine at the train station.

He was a poor farmer from another country. After a while, I discovered that his   34  was close to mine. It   35__ that we were born in the same month.

I met him last year shortly   36  his birthday, and after congratulating(祝贺) him, without thinking, I asked if he had had a good day. He   37  and said that he hadn’t really celebrated(庆祝). I felt so   38__.

I just couldn’t help(情不自禁) thinking of this nice, young man being    39  on his 25th birthday with no presents, no cake, nothing! So I went home and looked in my yarn(毛线) basket.   40  for me, I had enough yarn left. I set to work and knitted(编织) a   41  for the young man. The yarn had become a little dirty   42  I didn’t knit very often. Then I washed the yarn so the scarf(围巾) would be clean when he got it.

I met him on my own birthday as I was going shopping. I had   43  to meet him so I had carried the scarf and a piece of my own birthday   44  around with me. He was very happy with these gifts and so was I. The   45  in his eyes was the best present he could have given me!

2001年7月13日，你的美国朋友给你写了一封信，祝贺北京申奥成功。收到信后，你给他写了一封回信，介绍了你们是如何庆祝申奥成功的。回信应包括下列图画所示内容，并邀请他在2008年来中国。

注意：1.词数100左右；2.信的开头和结尾已写好。

生词：1.……竞标成功win the bid for…2.出墙报put up a wall newspaper

Dear Bill,

Very glad to receive your letter of July 13.____________________________    __

______________________________________________________________________________

Sincerely yours，

Zhang Hua