完形填空 （共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分）

Are you carrying too much on your back at school? Lots of kids at the same age as you are. Not only are students in China ___36___ from this problem, but kids in the United States are ___37___ fed up with（饱受…之苦） heavy school bags.

Experts are starting to___38___ that more and more young students are having back and neck problems as a result of school bags ___39___ too heavy for them. “It’s hard for me to get up the___40___ with my bag because it’s so heavy,” said Rich Hammond, ___41___ 11-year-old student in the US. Rick is among the students who have ___42___ backpacks with two straps (带子) to carry them, ___43___ a number of other students choose rolling backpacks. However, even with rolling backpacks, ___44___ up stairs and buses with them is ___45___ a problem for kids. Many of them have hurt their knees, backs or necks because of heavy school bags.

But how much is too ___46___? Experts say students should carry ___47___ more than 10 to 15 per cent of their own body weight. Scott Bautch, a Wisconsin ___48___ doctor, said kids under 4th grade should ___49___ with 10 per cent. But it’s also important that older kids don’t go ___50___ 15 percent, because their bones are still growing. Bautch explained that there are other injuries caused by backpacks. “Kids are ___51___ their balance and falling down with these backpacks,” he said．

Parents and teachers are starting to tell the kids to only take ___52___ library books they will be reading that night. Some teachers are using worksheets (作业纸) or ___53___ workbooks for students to take home. One of the best answers is, as some ___54___ themselves suggested, to have no homework ___55___!

36． A．meeting                B．facing                    C．experiencing   D．suffering

37． A．already       B．always             C．yet              D．also

38． A．explain             B．say               C．worry               D．announce

39． A．being              B．be                C．are               D．is

40．A．schools              B．stairs            C．houses             D．homes

41．A．this                 B．that             C．a                    D．an

42．A．special               B．unusual          C．ordinary            D．regular

43．A．when                B．but             C．then                  D．and

44．A. getting               B．climbing     C．going                D．turning

45．A．only                 B．still              C．even                D．just

46．A．more                B．very              C．much              D．many

47．A．no                  B．not              C．any                 D．much

48．A．children              B．student           C．bag                  D．back

49．A．carry               B．stay         C．take               D．bring

50．A．about              B．under        C．beyond               D．before

51．A．keeping             B．missing       C．losing              D．making

52．A．home              B．class         C．school              D．city

53．A．valuable             B．thin         C．important           D．interesting

54．A．reports              B．teachers      C．parents       D．kids

55．A．at all                B．after all      C．in all         D．for all

 

2010 was the year the Earth struck back.

   Earthquakes, heat waves, floods, volcanoes, super typhoons, blizzards (暴风雪), landslides and droughts killed at least a quarter million people in 2010 – the deadliest year in more than a generation. More people were killed worldwide by natural disasters this year than have been killed in terrorism attacks in the past 40 years combined.

   “It just seemed like it was back-to-back(接二连三) and it came in waves,” said Craig Fugate, who heads the US Federal Emergency Management Agency. It handled a record number of disasters in 2010.

“The term “100-year event’ really lost its meaning this year.”

And we have ourselves to blame most of the time, scientists and disaster experts say.

Even though many disasters have the ring of random chance, the hand of man made this a particularly deadly, costly, extreme and strange year for everything from wild weather to earthquakes.

Poor construction and development practices make earthquakes more deadly than they need be. More people live in poverty in vulnerable buildings（危房） in crowded cities. That means that when the ground shakes, the river floods, or the tropical cyclone hits, more people die.

Disasters from the Earth, such as earthquakes and volcanoes “are pretty much constant,” said Andreas Schraft, vice president of catastrophic perils for the Geneva-based insurance giant Swiss Re. “All the change that’s made is man-made.”

The January earthquake that killed well more than 220,000 people in Haiti is a perfect example. Port-au-Prince has nearly three times as many people – many of them living in poverty- and more poorly built shanties(棚户区) ,than it did 25 years ago. So had the same quake hit in 1985 instead of 2010; total deaths would have probably been in the 80,000 range, said Richard Olson, director of disaster risk reduction at Florida International University.

Climate scientists say Earth’s climate also is changing thanks to man-made global warming, bringing extreme weather, such as heat waves and flooding.

The excessive(过多的) amount of extreme weather that dominated 2010 is a classic sign of man-made global warming that climate scientists have long warned about. They calculate that the killer Russian heat wave – setting a national record of 111 degrees – would happen once every 100,000 years without global warming.

Data show that 18 countries broke their records for the hottest day ever.

“The Earth strikes back in response to bad human decision-making,” said Debarati Guha Sapir.” “It’s almost as if the policies, the government policies and development policies, are helping the Earth strike back instead of protecting from it. We’ve created conditions where the slightest thing the Earth does is really going to have a surprising impact.” White House science adviser John Holdren said we should get used to climate disasters or do something about global warming. “The science is clear that we can expect more and more of these kinds of damaging events unless and until society has sharply reduced the amount of heat-trapping gases and particles(颗粒).”

1.From paragraph 1 to paragraph 3, we learn   ___________________________.

   A. what natural disasters mean to the people all over the world

   B. how terrorism attacks struck in the past four decades

   C. how the Earth struck back in 2010

   D. why the world saw so many disasters in 2010

2.The author gives the example of the big earthquake in Haiti to show that     ___________ .

   A. poor construction largely accounts for more deaths than expected

   B. man’s behaviours are to blame for the constant occurrence of natural disasters

   C. the extreme weather mainly contributes to the disaster of the quake

   D. the country’s poverty and over- crowdedness results in the disaster

3. Which of the following would Debarati Guha Sapir most probably agree with?

   A. Environment protection should be taken into account in policy-making.

   B. Natural disasters are causing increase.

   C. The earth wouldn’t strike back but for the destruction by man.

   D. Conditions should be created to rid the influence of disasters.

4. According to John Holdren, the best way to cut back on the number of natural disasters is    __________________ .

   A. to forecast the happening of natural disasters accurately

   B. to build stronger houses that can stand severe earthquakes and floods

   C. to make better decisions and policies of city development

   D. to send out much fewer greenhouse gases and particles

5.What is the real concern of the writer of this article?

   A. The major causes of natural disasters.

   B. The human unawareness of environment protection.

   C. The harmonious relationship between humans and nature.

   D. The serious results of global warming and earthquakes.

 

Depend on yourself. Parents can help you. Teachers can help you. But all these only help you to help yourself.

There have been many great men in history. But many of them were very poor when they were young, and had no uncles, aunts or friends to help them. Schools were few and not very good.

They could not depend upon them for education. They saw how it was, and set to work with all their strength to know something. They worked their own way till they became well-known. One of the most famous teachers in England used to tell his pupils, “I cannot make worthy men of you, but I can help make men of yourselves.”

Some young men do not try their best to make themselves valuable to society. They can never gain achievements unless they see their weak points and keep improving themselves. They are nothing now and will be nothing as long as they live, unless they accept the advice of their parents and teachers, and depend on their own efforts.

1.Which of the following titles fits this passage best?

A. How to Become Famous                           B. What Helps to Make a Good Teacher

C. Men Must Help Each Other                       D. Depend on Your Own Efforts

2. Many great men succeeded because_________.

A. they were anxious to become rich 

B. they had received good education

C. they had made great efforts to learn and work                                          

D. they wanted very much to become well-known

3.If young people depend on their own efforts, _________.

A. they are more likely to succeed in their lives                                      

B. they are sure to be famous in the world

C. they will need no advice from their parents and teachers              

D. they will be nothing as long as they live

4.From this passage we can see that the writer_________.

A. is a man with a strong will                                                                       

B. shows great respect for teachers

C. is in favour of those who struggle for success                                             

D. feels it important to accept the advice of others

 

C

Tokyo is one of those places that you can love and hate at the same time.

　　In Tokyo there are always too many people in the places where I want to be. Of course there are too many cars. The Japanese drive very fast, but in Tokyo they often spend a long time in traffic jams(拥挤).Tokyo is not different from London, Paris and New York in that. It is different when one wants to walk.

　　At certain times of the day there are a lot of people on foot in London’s Oxford Street. But the streets near the Ginza in Tokyo always have a lot of people on foot, and sometimes it is really difficult to walk. People are very polite; there are just too many of them.

　　The worst time to be in the street is at 11:30 at night. That is when the night-clubs are closing and everybody wants to go home. There are 35 000 night-clubs in Tokyo, and you do not often see one that is empty.

　　During the day, most people travel to and from work by train. Tokyo people buy six million train tickets every day. At most stations, trains arrive every two or three minutes but at certain hours there do not seem to be enough trains. Although they are usually crowded, Japanese trains are very good. They always leave and arrive on time. On a London train you would see everybody reading a newspaper. In Tokyo trains everybody in a seat seems to be asleep, whether his journey is long or short.

　　In Tokyo, I stood outside the station for five minutes. Three fire-engines(消防车) race past on the way to one of the many fires that Tokyo has every day .Tokyo has so many surprises that none of them can really surprise me now.

48.Tokyo is different from London in that___________.

A. it has a larger population                 

B. there are more traffic jams

C. it is more difficult to go somewhere on foot 　

D. night clubs are sometimes empty

49.Japanese trains _____________.

A. often leave and arrive on time         

B. are often crowded

C. are the main means(手段，方法) people use to travel to and from work  

D. all of the above

50.Where can you find everybody reading a newspaper? _____________.

A. At most London train stations               B. At most Tokyo train stations

C. On a Tokyo train                                          D. On a London train

51.Fires break out _______ in Tokyo according to the writer.

A. quite frequently (频繁)                       B. only several times a day　

C. not very often　                                          D. very seldom

52.Which of the following is NOT true about Tokyo? ___________.

A. The streets become more crowded at 11:30 at night 

B. There are more trains than cars

C. Fire-engines are very busy in the city             

D. Tokyo people are polite

 

A man once said how useless it was to put advertisements in the newspaper.

“Last week, ” he said,  “my umbrella was stolen from a London church. As

it was a present,  I spent twice its worth in advertising,  but didn’t get it back. ”

“How did you write your advertisement? ” asked one of the listeners,  a merchant.

　　“Here it is, ” said the man,  taking out of his pocket a slip cut from a newspaper. The other man took it and read,  “Lost from the City Church last Sunday evening,  a black silk umbrella. The gentleman who finds it will receive ten shillings on leaving it at No. 10 Broad Street. ”

“Now, ” said the merchant,  “I often advertise,  and find that it pays me well. But the way in which an advertisement is expressed is of extreme importance. Let us try for your umbrella again,  and if it fails,  I’ll buy you a new one. ”

　　The merchant then took a slip of paper out of his pocket and wrote:  “If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening doesn’t wish to get into trouble,  he will return the umbrella to No. 10 Broad Street. He is well known. ”

　　This appeared in the newspaper,  and on the following morning,  the man was astonished when he opened the front door. In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors,  and his own was among them. Many of them had notes fastened to them saying that they had been taken by mistake,  and begging the loser not to say anything about the matter.

1.The result of the first advertisement was that＿＿＿＿ .

A．the man got his umbrella back

B．the man wasted some money advertising

C．nobody found the missing umbrella

D．the umbrella was found somewhere near the church

2.The merchant suggested that the man should＿＿＿ .

A．buy a new umbrella

B．go on looking for his umbrella

C．write another and better advertisement

D．report the police

3.“. . . if it fails,  I’ll buy you a new one” suggested that the merchant＿＿＿＿ .

A．was quite sure of success

B．wanted to buy him a new umbrella

C．didn’t know what to do

D．was rich enough to buy one

4.The story is mainly about ＿＿＿＿＿.

A．a useless advertisement

B．how to make an effective advertisement

C．how the man lost and found his umbrella

D．what the merchant did for the umbrella owner