Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.

The first kind of loneliness is temporary(暂时的). This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result or a particular situation---- for example, a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year.

The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic(长期的) loneliness usually last more than two yeas and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lone people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.

Psychologists (心理学家)agree that one important fact in loneliness is a person’s social contacts（接触）, e.g, friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lone people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.

Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a very sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.

.How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage?

A. Talk to friends                         B. Just ignore it     

C. Go to see a doctor                      D. Ask your teachers for guidance

. The topic of the 4^th paragraph is that _______________.

A. lonely people don’t have many friends

B. lonely people don’t have many social problems

C. one problem of loneliness is a person’s social contacts

D. we depend on various people for different reasons

Why do psychologists want to help chronically lonely people?

A. Chronic loneliness can cause family problems

B. Chronic loneliness can cause serious illness

C. Chronic loneliness cannot be overcome

D.A, B, and C are all correct

.What is the best title of the passage?

A. Three kinds of Loneliness               B. Loneliness and Diseases

C. Loneliness and Social Contacts           D. Chronic Loneliness

.

第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从31－50各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项标号涂黑。

In the early 1800’s, a boy named John lived in an orphanage (孤儿院) with several other children. Every day was  31  working and Christmas was the one day of the year  32  the children did not work and received a gift — an orange. The children  33  it so much that they kept it for weeks, and even  34 — smelling it,  35  it and loving it. Usually they tried to preserve(保护) it for so  36  that it often went bad before they ate it. 

This year John knew he would soon be  37  enough to leave. He would save the orange until his birthday in July. If he preserved it  38 , he might be able to eat it on his birthday. 

Christmas day finally came. The children were so  39  as they entered the dining hall. In his excitement, John knocked over something, causing a big  40 . Immediately the master shouted, “John, leave the hall and there will be no orange for you.” John's heart  41 . He turned and ran back to the  42  room so that the children wouldn’t see his tears. 

Then he heard the door open and the children entered. Little Elizabeth with a  43  on her face held out her small hands. “Here John,” she said, “this is for you.” As John  44  his head, he saw a big juicy  45  all peeled and quartered … Each child had sacrificed(舍弃) their own orange by 46  a quarter and had created a big, beautiful orange for him. 

John never forgot the sharing, love and personal  47  his friends had shown him that Christmas day.  48  that day, after he became rich, every year he  49  send oranges all over the world to children everywhere. His  50  was that no child would ever spend Christmas without a special Christmas fruit! 

31. A. forced  B. passed C. taken  D. spent

32. A. as  B. when  C. while  D. which

33. A. needed  B. wanted       C. valued D. liked

34. A. months B. days    C. years   D. seasons

35. A. tasting  B. watching    C. pressing     D. touching

36. A. much    B. soon   C. long    D. far

37. A. old       B. strong C. tall     D. experienced

38. A. seriously      B. carefully    C. secretly      D. softly

39. A. nervous       B. excited       C. pleasant      D. eager

40.A. cry B. disappointment  C. surprise      D. noise

41.A. jumped  B. stopped      C. broke  D. settled

42.A. cold      B. small  C. old     D. lonely

43.A. look      B. tears   C. comfort      D. smile

44.A. shook    B. lifted  C. put     D. turned

45.A. gift       B. surprise      C. orange       D. wonder

46.A. sharing  B. breaking     C. eating D. taking

47.A. feelings B. affairs C. relation      D. sacrifice

48.A. In return for B. In case of   C. In memory of    D. In search of

49.A. must     B. would C. might  D. should

50.A. desire    B. idea    C. meaning     D. thinking

 

Prepare: Plan ahead and think about what you are going to say. In the words of Mark Twain, it usually takes you more than three weeks to prepare for it.

Know your subject: Always make sure that you know the subject and have background information at hand for question time.

Know you audience: Find out who you will be addressing so that you can tailor(适合) your comments accordingly.

Make a point: Keep your speech short and brief and have a few clear points that you need to convey(传达).

Practice: Never learn your speech by heart as your speech will become stilted, but do practice it a few times in front of the mirror, your parents or your dog.

Eye contact: If the thought of looking into a sea of faces scares you, adjust your gaze（注视）regularly at different points in the room to create the same effect.

First impressions: Your first impression is important when making a public presentation. Find out about dress codes(准则) at the place so that you look your best and, if possible, check the microphone beforehand to ensure you know how to use it.

Get help: If public presentations are a major part of your life, read up on the art of speech---writing and delivery to improve your skills.

1.The advice benefits (有益于)____________________.

A．teachers

B．actors

C．speechmakers

D．spokesmen

2.Knowing your subject helps you __________.

A．make a perfect speech

B．make better answers when asked questions about the subject.

C．keep a clear head

D．attract people’s attention

3. The underlined word “stilted” probable means ________ here.

A．unnatural

B．unnecessary

C．unpleasant

D．undeveloped

4.If asked for more advice besides what has been mentioned in the text, you may suggest ______.

A．eye contact with the audience	B．proper clothes
C．proper tones and body languages	D．more practice

 

The following is a recent survey among teenagers:

Radio Most teenagers nowadays are not regular listeners to radio. They may occasionally tune in, but they do not try to listen to a program specifically. The main reason teenagers listen to the radio is for music, but now with online sites streaming music for free they do not bother, and users can choose the songs they want instead of listening to what the radio presenter/DJ chooses. Television Most teenagers watch television, but usually there are points in the year where they watch more than average. This is due to programs coming on in seasons, so they will watch a particular show at a certain time (as long as it lasts) but then they may watch no television for weeks. Teenagers are also watching less television because of services such as BBC iPlayer, which allows them to watch shows when they want. Whilst watching TV, adverts come on quite regularly (18 minutes of every hour) and teenagers do not want to watch these, so they switch to another channel, or do something else whilst the adverts run. Newspapers No teenager that I know of regularly reads a newspaper, as most do not have the time and cannot be bothered to read pages and pages of text while they could watch the news summarized on the Internet or on TV. Internet Every teenager has some access to the Internet, be it at school or home. Home use is mainly used for fun (such as social networking) whilst school (or library) use is for work. Most teenagers are heavily active on a combination of social networking sites. Facebook is the most common, with nearly everyone with an Internet connection registered and visiting >4 times a week. Facebook is popular as one can interact with friends on a wide scale. For searching the web, Google is the dominant figure, simply because it is well known and easy to use. Some teenagers make purchases on the Internet (on sites like eBay) but this is only used by a small percentage, as a credit card is required and most teenagers do not have credit cards. Many teenagers use YouTube to watch videos (usually anime which cannot be watched anywhere else) and some use it as a music player by having a video with the music they want to listen to playing in the background. Mobile Phones 99pc of teenagers have a mobile phone and most are quite capable phones. Usually, teenagers only use their phones for texting, calling. Features such as video messaging or video calling are not used—because they are expensive. Services such as instant messaging are used, but not by everyone. It usually depends whether the phone is Wi-Fi compatible, because otherwise it is very expensive to get Internet off the phone network. As most teenagers’ phones have Bluetooth support, and Bluetooth is free, they utilize this feature often. Mobile email is not used as teenagers have no need; they do not need to be connected to their inbox all the time as they don’t receive important emails.

   The survey carried out recently is mainly concerned with ______.

A. how teenagers consume media

B. what electric devices teenagers favor

C. which new trend teenagers are following

D. how teenagers contact others and make their social net

   As is mentioned in the survey, the reason why teenagers watch less TV mainly lies in that ______.

A. teenagers do not watch regular programs

B. all the TV programs are on for only a few weeks

C. teenagers may turn to other devices to watch their favorite

D. the TV adverts coming on every channel are just the same

   Which of the following is TRUE according to the survey?

A. Radio presenter or DJ used to invite the listeners to choose the songs they want.

B. The main source for teenagers to get news is Internet as well as newspapers.

C. Google is the most common social networking sites due to its convenience.

D. Some features of modern mobile phones are not widely used by teenagers.

 Every object tells a story. Even the most ordinary objects can present to us powerful images. Sometimes it is the ordinary nature of these objects that actually makes them so extraordinary. Such is the case with an old leather shoe in a museum in Alaska. At first glance it does not look like much. It is a woman’s shoe of a style popular in the 1890s. But what is unique(独特的) about this shoe is where it was found. It was discovered on the Checkout Pass, the famous trail used by the people seeking gold in Alaska. Who it belonged to or why it was left there is not known. Was it perhaps dropped by accident as the woman climbed up the 1500 stairs carved outface? Or did she throw away goods that she didn’t need in order to travel lighter?

Over 100, 000 people with “gold fever” made this trip hoping to become millionaires. Few of them understood that on their way they would have to cross a harsh wildness. Unprepared for such a dangerous journey, many died of starvation and exposure to the cold weather.

The Canadian government finally started requiring the gold seekers to bring one ton of supplies with them. This was thought to be enough for a person to survive for one year. They would carry their supplies in backpacks(背包) each weighing up to fifty pounds; it usually took at least 40 trips to get everything to the top and over the pass. Whoever dropped the shoe must have been a brave and determined woman. Perhaps she was successful and made it to Alaska. Perhaps she had to turn back in defeat. No one will ever know for sure, but what we do know is that she took part in one of the greatest adventures in the 19th century.

1.The ordinary woman’s leather shoe is considered unusual because ______. 

A. it was an important clue to life in the past

B. it was found on a famous trail

C. it at one time belonged to a VIP    

D. it was a fashionable shoe at that time

2.According to this passage, many people who went to Alaska ______. 

A. eventually became millionaires           B. brought with them many shoes

C. had conflicts with the Eskimos           D. were not properly equipped

3. The Canadian government made gold seekers bring one year’s supplies with them so that ______.

A. they would not die of hunger and cold

B. the army would have enough food for fighting a war

C. they would change these goods with the Eskimos

D. the supplies would make Alaska rich

 

4.No matter what happened to the woman who owned the shoe, ______. 

A. she must have lived a happy life

B. she certainly dropped the shoe on purpose

C. her adventurous spirit is definitely admired

D. her other shoes were equally fashionable