Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely enough, the answer to both these questions is yes．To some degree our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius （天才） out of a child born with low intelligence．On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings．Thus the limits of a person’s intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment．This view, now held by most experts can be supported in a number of ways．

It is easy to say that intelligence is to some degree something we are born with．The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence．Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from the population, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different．If on the other hand we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other．Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth．

Imagine that now we take two identical twins and put them in different environments．We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring．We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part．This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence．

1.By using the example that two people closer in blood relationship are closer in intelligence, the writer wants to prove _________．

         A．intelligence is given at birth

         B．intelligence can be developed by environment

         C．intelligence can be developed by experience

         D．education plays an important part in the development of education

2.A child who lives in rich and varied surroundings turns out higher in intelligence because ________．

         A．his family is rich and therefore can afford to develop his intelligence

         B．he can break the limits of intelligence fixed at birth

         C．his family is rich and provides him with various healthy food

         D．these surroundings are likely to help him reach the limits of their intelligence[来源:ZXXK]

3.The writer of this article believes that _________．

         A．the development of one’s intelligence is determined by many things working together

         B．environment plays the most important role in the development of intelligence

         C．education plays the most important role in the development of intelligence

         D．birth plays the most important role in the development of intelligence[来源:]

4.The best title for this passage might be __________．

         A．The Answer to a Question                         B．Birth and Environment

        C．Intelligence                                                       D．Intelligence and Education

To get an extra 14 years of life, don't smoke, eat lots of fruits and vegetables, exercise regularly and drink alcohol in a proper amount．That is according to a study published this Monday in the Public Library of Science Medicine Journal．

After tracking more than 20,000 people aged 45 to 79 years in the United Kingdom from about 1993 to 2007, Kay-Tee Khaw of the University of Cambridge and his colleagues found that people who adopted these four healthy habits lived all average of 14 years longer than those who didn't．

“We've known for a long time that these behaviors are good things to do, but we've not seen this benefit before, ”said Susan Jebb, head of Nutrition and Health at Britain's Medical Research Council．“The benefit was also seen regardless of whether or not people were fat and what social class they came from．”

Study participants（参与者）scored a point each for not smoking, regular physical activity, eating five servings of fruits and vegetables a day and moderate alcohol intake．

Public health experts said they hoped the study would inspire governments to introduce policies helping people to adopt these changes．But because the study only observed people rather than testing specific changes, it would be impossible to conclude that people who suddenly adopted these healthy behaviors would surely gain 14 years．

“We can't say that any person could gain 14 years by doing these things, ”said Dr．Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization．“The 14 years is an average across the population of what's theoretically（理论上地）possible．”

“Most people know that things like a good diet matter and that smoking isn't good for them, ”Susan Jebb said．“We need to work on providing people with much more practical support to help them change．”

1.Which of the following DOESN'T belong to the four healthy habits?

A．Eat five servings of fruits and vegetables a day．

B．Do proper exercise in the morning every day．

C．Drinking alcohol in the proper amount every day．

D．Having a cigarette before going to bed every day．

2.We can learn from the passage that            ．

A．Susan Jebb did not take part in the study．

B．the study observed people as well as tested specific changes．

C．there's no need for people under 45 to adopt these good habits．

D．only those from first class can benefit from these healthy behaviors．

3.What can be inferred from the passage?

A．All the people are well aware of the harm of their bad habits．

B．People aged 45 to 70 have bad habits in the United Kingdom．

C．Governments should take measures to help people change their bad habits．

D．People have adopted the four healthy habits after knowing they're good．

4.What would be the best title for this passage?

A．Smoking and Drinking Cuts You 14 Years

B．How to Live a Much Healthier Life

C．Healthy Habits May Give Extra 14 Years

D．How to Make Your Life Longer Than Others

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为

多余选项。

Stress is very common in all walks of life and in all fields of work.

  1  It can be related to  work,  an unhappy  marriage,  money problems or a whole host of things that cause people to become very unhappy with their lives.  People who suffer from this condition often cannot see anything good about their lives.____2____

Teen stress is one of the leading causes of suicide（自杀）among teenagers who are unable to cope with all the pressures that seem to come at them from all sides.  Even a child as young as two or three years of age can feel stressed,  when he/she is trying to

live up to the parents expectations of being a good boy or girl.   3   

   4  New research suggests that exercising as a way of stress management helps people to improve their minds as well as their bodies because they become fit, giving them a whole new feeling about themselves.

You have to think about what is causing you to become stressed and if it is possible to avoid these things.  If you feel stressed because it seems that people are always taking up your private time, you need to learn to say "No" once in a while.____5____If your work stress is the cause of your illness and if you are experiencing problems with your heart，the doctor may need to send you for a stress test to determine whether or not there is a serious problem developing.

A． Using exercise as a form of stress relief has many benefits.

B． You do need to talk to someone who can help, such as your doctor.

C． As a result of that, people began to choose easy jobs.

D． Doctors also have pressures from their tiring work.

E.  It can lead to suicide, heart attacks and cancer as research has shown.

F.  School age children  have pressures on them  from  schoolwork,  parents and    friends.

G.   It is most dangerous because it can affect a person's health.

Jewelweeds are pretty flowers that grow in wet, shady spots all over the Northern Hemisphere. According to a recent experiment, they seem to know their own flower family —or at least, recognize whether or not they came from the same mother plant. Together with other through their leaves, but through their roots.
Scientists planted jewelweeds in pots with either siblings（兄弟姐妹）or strangers. Sibling plants were grown from seeds that came from the same mother plant. Stranger plants were grown from seeds from different plants.
When jewelweeds were planted in pots with strangers, the plants started to grow more leaves than if they had been planted alone. This response suggests that plants are competing with strangers for sunlight, since a plant with more leaves can receive more light and make more food.
When jewelweed seedlings were planted with siblings, they few a few more branches than they normally would if they were alone—but they did not start growing lots of extra leaves. This behavior suggests the plants are more likely to share resources, rather than compete.
The plants only responded this way when they shared soil. If stranger seedlings were planted in different pots and placed next to each other, for example, they did not grow more leaves. This different shows that the plants must use their roots to detect sibling plants in the same soil. In 2007, Dudley and her team studied the Great Lakes sea rocket, a plant that grows on the beach—where it may be hard to get fresh water. In that experiment, the botanists observed that when sea rockets were planed with siblings, they tolerated each other. But when they were planted with strangers, the sea prickets reacted by working extra hard to grow lots of roots, but not extra leaves.
The different types of plants may react in different ways, but they have one thing in common: the roots. In both experiments, on Jewelweeds and sea rockets, the key was the shared soil—and other plant species may turn out to show similar behavior. These experiments, as well as earlier experiments, suggest “The phenomenon is quite common.” Says Hans de Kroonof, an ecologist in the Netherlands.
57．In Paragraph 1, the author mentions a recent experiment of Jewelweeds to___________.
A．make a comparison  B．introduce a topic
C．describe a pretty flower   D．put forward a new theory
58．What can we know from the experiments done by scientists?
A．Jewelweeds can grow in the Northern Hemisphere.
B．Jewelweeds can grow in wet, shady spots.
C．Jewelweeds are more friendly to their siblings than to stranger plants.
D．jewelweeds can recognize their siblings through leaves.
59．If jewelweeds and their siblings are planted in different pots and placed close to one another, they will___________.
A．start to grow more leaves       B．detect the strangers 
C．compete with sibling plants     D．grow normally
60．The best title of the passage would be___________.
A．Flower family knows its roots
B．The growing conditions of Jewelweeds
C．Jewelweeds and sea rockets
D．The stranger plant recognize each other

Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely enough，the answer to both these questions is yes．To some extent our intelligence is given to us at birth，and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence．On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings．Thus the limits of a person’s intelligence are fixed at birth，but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts can be supported in a number of ways．

         It is easy to say that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with．The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence．Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from the population, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different．If on the other hand we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other．Relations like brothers and sisters，parents and children，usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth．

         Imagine that now we take two identical twins and put them in different environments．We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring．We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part．This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence．

1.By using the example that two people closer in blood relationship are closer in intelligence that writer wants to prove _________．

         A．intelligence is given at birth

         B．intelligence can be developed by environment

         C．intelligence can be developed by experience

         D．education plays an important part in the development of education

2.A child who lives in rich and varied surroundings turns out higher in intelligence because ________．

         A．his family is rich and therefore can afford to develop his intelligence

         B．he can break the limits of intelligence fixed at birth

         C．his family is rich and provides him with various healthy food

         D．these surroundings are likely to help him reach the limits of their intelligence

3.Writer of this article believes that _________．

         A．the development of one’s intelligence is determined by many factors working together

         B．environment plays the most important role in the development of intelligence

         C．education plays the most important role in the development of intelligence

         D．birth plays the most important role in the development of intelligence

4.The best title for this passage might be __________．

         A．Intelligence                    B．Birth and Environment

         C．The Answer to a Question         D．Intelligence and Education