B
While still in its early stages, welfare reform has already been judged a great success in many states — at least in getting people off welfare. It’s estimated that more than 2 million people have left the rolls（名册） since 1994.
　　In the past four years, welfare rolls in Athens Country have been cut in half. But 70 percent of the people who left in the past two years took jobs that paid less than $6 an hour. The result: The Athens Country poverty rate still remains at more than 30 percent — twice the national average.
　　For advocates（代言人）for the poor, that’s an indication much more needs to be done.
　　“More people are getting jobs, but it’s not making their lives any better,” says Kathy Lairn, a  policy analyst at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities in Washington.
　　A center analysis of US Census data nationwide found that between 1995 and 1996, a greater percentage of single, female-headed households were earning money on their own, but that average income for these households actually went down.
　　But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory.
　　“Welfare was a poison. It was a toxin（毒素）that was poisoning the family,” says
Robert Rector, a welfare-reform policy analyst. “The reform is changing the moral climate in low-income communities. It’s beginning to rebuild the work ethic（道德观）, which is much more important.”
　　Mr. Rector and others argued that once “the habit of dependency is cracked,” then the country can make other policy changes aimed at improving living standards.
45. From the passage, it can be seen that the author _______.
　　A. believes the reform has reduced the government’s burden
　　B. insists that welfare reform is doing little good for the poor
　　C. is overenthusiastic about the success of welfare reform
　　D. considers welfare reform to be basically successful
46. Why aren’t people enjoying better lives when they have jobs?
　　A. Because many families are divorced.
　　B. Because government aid is now rare.
　　C. Because their wages are low.
　　D. Because the cost of living is rising.
47. From the passage we know that welfare reform aims at _______.
　　A. saving welfare funds
　　B. rebuilding the work ethic
　　C. providing more jobs
　　D. cutting government expenses
48. According to the passage before the welfare reform was carried out, _______.
　　A. the poverty rate was lower
　　B. average living standards were higher
　　C. the average worker was paid higher wages
　　D. the poor used to rely on government aid

Thank you for 　　 the trouble 　　 me with the work.

A. having; helping　 B. taking; helping　　 C. taking; to help　　 D. having; to help

Why doesn’t the unemployment rate ever reach zero? Economists, who generally believe that supply tends to meet demand, have long thought about this question．Even in good times, i．e．not now, there are people who can’t find work．And even in bad times, i．e．now, there are job openings．With over 14 million people out of work and looking for a job, you would think every available job would be filled．But that’s not the case．Not now and not ever．　　

On Monday, the Nobel Prize committee awarded the prize for economics to the three scholars who have done the most to explain this phenomenon．Two of the winners are Americans, Peter Diamond of MIT and Dale Mortensen of Northwestern．The third winner is Christopher Pissarides, who teaches at the London School of Economics and was born on Cyprus．　　

Like most of economics, what they have found about why the jobless and ready-employers don’t find each other seems obvious．You have to find out there is job opening you are interested in．Employers need to get resumes （简历）．It takes a while for both employers and employees to make the decision that this is what they want．And these guys came up with a frame-work to study the problem of why people stay unemployed longer than they should and what can be done about it．　　

So what would today’s Nobel Prize winners do to solve the current problem of the unemployed? And does the awarding of the prize contribute to the politicians’ lowering joblessness?　　

Speaking from his north London home, Pissarides told The Associated Press the announcement came as “a complete surprise” though his work had already helped shape thinking on both sides of the Atlantic．　　For example, the New Deal for Young People, a British government policy aimed at getting 18-24-year-olds back on the job market after long periods of unemployment, “is very much based on our work,” he said．　　

“One of the key things we found is that it is important to make sure that people do not stay unemployed too long so they don’t lose their feel for the labor force,” Pissarides told reporters in London．“The ways of dealing with this need not be expensive training – it could be as simple as providing work experience．”

1.According to the writer, which is true about finding jobs?　　  

A．It is always difficult to find a job．　　

B．Everyone can find a job in good times．　　                        

C．Contrary to popular belief, it is easier to find a job in bad times．　　              

D．It is possible to find a job even in times as bad as now．

2.What is it that leads to their winning the prize?　　                         

       A．They have found the reason for unemployment．　　           

       B．They have put forward a set of ideas to deal with unemployment．　　           

       C．They have found out why people don’t want to be employed．　　                

       D．They have long studied the problem of unemployment．

3.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?　　           

       A．Pissarides thinks his work surprising．　　                         

       B．The work of Pissarides has influenced many economists．　　                      

       C．Some of the winners’ ideas have been put into practice．　　

       D．It is probable that unemployed young people in Britain benefit from Pissarides’ work．

4.According to Pissarides, _________ is effective in dealing with unemployment．　　  A．spending large sums of money on training　　                    

       B．teaching some knowledge of economics　　                        

       C．providing work experience　　            

       D．keeping people unemployed for some time

语篇理解

   The student who wants a newspaper career has much hard work ahead of him before he can become even a cub（初出茅庐的新闻记者，生手）or beginning reporter. He may begin by working on his high school newspaper or yearbook.

   Then the aspiring（有抱负的）reporter may break into newspaper work as a copyboy, running errands and helping staff reporters. He may even be given a chance to write small stories. Sometimes students who are interested in news reporting can get jobs as campus reporters for local newspapers.

   Jobs such as these serve to acquaint the beginner with the atmosphere of new gathering. They give him a chance o be sure that his facts are accurate, that he reports them correctly. And that he writes his articles clearly. This work may lead to a job as a cub reporter on a newspaper, the important first step toward a career in news reporting.

(1) A cub reporter is another name for a ____.

[　　]

A．copyboy B．regular staff reporter

C．newspaper editor D．beginning reporter

(2) The copyboy's duties may sometimes include ____.

[　　]

A．running errands for staff reporters

B．writing small news stories

C．reporting campus and students news.

D．Both A and B

(3) An aspiring reporter must learn to ____.

[　　]

A．be sure his facts are accurate

B．report the news correctly

C．write articles clearly

D．all of the above

(4) The first big, important step for an aspiring reporter is ____.

[　　]

A．editing his high school newspaper

B．becoming a cub reporter

C．becoming a copyboy

D．writing a small news story

(5) The best title for this selection is ____.

[　　]

A．The Work of a Newspaper Editor

B．Reporting News From the Campus

C．Getting started as a Reporter

D．What a copyboy Does