题目列表(包括答案和解析)
At the moment, it may be difficult to imagine, but many people believe that, by the year 2100, we will live on the planet Mars. Our own planet, Earth, is becoming more and more crowed and polluted. Luckily, we can start again and build a better world on Mars. Here is what life could be like.
First of all, transport should be much better. At present, our spaceships are too slow to carry large numbers of people to Mars — it takes months. However, by 2100, spaceship can travel at half the speed of light. It might take us two or three days to get to Mars!
Secondly, humans need food, water and air to live. Scientists should be able to develop plants that can be grown on Mars. These plants will produce the food and air that we need. However, can these plants produce water for us ? There is no answer now.
There is a problem for us to live on Mars. Mars pulls us much less than the Earth does. This will be dangerous because we could easily jump too high and fly slowly away into space. To prevent this, humans on Mars have to wear special shoes to make themselves heavier.
Life on Mars will be better than that on Earth in many ways, People will have more space. Living in a large building with only 10 bedrooms is highly possible. Many people believe that robot will do most of our work, so we have more time for our hobbies.
There will probably be no school on Mars. Every student will have a computer at home which is connected to the internet. They can study, do their homework and take exams in online schools. Each student will also have their own online teacher called “e-teacher”.
However, in some ways, life on Mars may not be better than that on the earth today. Food will not be the same — meals will probably be in the form of pills and will not be as delicious as they are today, Also, space travel will make many people feel ill. The spaceship will travel fast but the journey to Mars will probably be very uncomfortable.
46. According to the text, by the year 2100, some of us will possibly live __________ .
A. on the moon B. on Mars
C. under the sea D. in the sun
47. So far, how long will it take us from the earth to Mars by spaceship ?
A. Two or three days B. A few years
C. A few days D. A few months
48. In the future, the students on Mars ____________ .
A. needn’t study at all
B. will study mainly in a classroom
C. will meet each other face to face every day
D. will study mainly through the internet
49. Life on Mars will be better than life on the earth because ___________ .
A. there will be more space and less work to do
B. only a few people will live there
C. there will be much delicious food
D. all students don’t need to do any homework
50. According to the text, which of the following about Mars is NOT true ?
A. Transport will be much better and faster.
B. We need to develop a special plant which can produce water.
C. Food will be much more tasty.
D. On Mars, we can jump higher than on the earth.
Working outside the International Space Station （ISS）, an astronaut is suddenly hit by a piece of space debris（碎片）that damages his spacesuit．Alarmed, he realizes he’s just seconds from disaster．Moving fast, his prepared robot partner slaps（拍打）an auto-patch over the tear in his spacesuit．Huge sighs of relief fill the ISS．Inside, the astronaut responsible for saving the spacewalker’s life controls everything the robot avatar has done — including rescuing its human partner — while it works outside the space station．
R2:The Real Deal
A robot companion can come in handy to space travelers, whether they’re as far away as Mars or as close as a space station or moon base．Space-travelling avatars, controlled remotely by humans are still a concept．But earlier in the year 2011, NASA sent a humanoid robot into space for the first time．It’s called R2, short for Robonaut 2．The robot was delivered by the space shuttle Discovery and will remain on the ISS to be tested．
NASA expects robots like R2 to be a huge help to astronauts．“Our goal is for robots to work side by side with humans,” says NASA’s Matt Ondler．R2 is controlled by humans using laptops． It’s programmed to perform a number of small tasks, such as “find an object．” In most situations, humans are still far better with their hands than robots．But that’s not necessarily true in space, where astronauts must wear bulky spacesuits and heavy gloves．And since they don’t need to eat, breathe, or go to the bathroom, robonauts have the advantage for lengthy jobs．
R2 isn’t ready for spacewalks yet, but NASA hopes that future improvements will make this possible．“Robonauts will help our astronauts with the three D’s: jobs that are dirty, dull, and dangerous,” says Ondler．
To The Moon
Someday the space agency hopes to send R2 to the moon．Sending a robot to the moon will befar less expensive than sending a human．A robot is stronger, can survive in tighter spaces, and doesn’t need air．Even better, robots don’t care how long it takes for NASA to return them to Earth．
Once on the moon, the robonaut could perform experiments, send live video back to Earth, talk to classrooms full of kids, and explore the lunar surface．R2 will be able to move using legs, or by attaching its torso（躯干）to a four-wheeled rover（探测器） and becoming part of vehicle．And when R2’s battery is low, it can plug into a solar-powered recharging station and get some much-needed juice．All in all, a pretty sweet life for a humble robot!
The future R2 would be designed to operate by itself．But for difficult tasks, a human operator would control it like an avatar in a video game．NASA will need people skilled at operating robonauts to ensure the success of future missions．So the next time your mom complains that you’re spending too much time on video games, just tell her you’re training for a job with NASA．
51．In paragraph1, the writer gives a detailed description of a space accident to ．
A．stress the danger of an astronaut’s walk in space
B．tell readers the unforgettable experience of an astronaut
C．show his concern for the present situation of space walk
D．introduce what robots are likely to do for astronauts
52．Why does the writer say Robonaut 2 is “The Real Deal”?
A．It may have the advantage for complex and small tasks at low costs．
B．It has been programmed to help astronauts with three D’s．
C．It is flexible and can be easily controlled by humans beings．
D．It proves to be a good companion for space travelers．
53．By saying“All in all, a pretty sweet life for a humble robot!”, the writer means that ．
A．an ordinary robot will be able to move freely in comfortable surroundings
B．an ordinary robot will enjoy a comfortable life in space like humans on Earth
C．a future robot will explore the moon easily by using a four-wheeled rover
D．a future robot is stronger and will handle any difficulty in space easily
54．It can be learned from the passage that ．
A．the future R2 will perform experiments without human control
B．humans are much smarter with their hands than robots in space
C．someday humans might control an avatar on the moon
D．sending a human to the moon will cost far less than sending a robot
Life on Mars could become a reality and it could happen in your lifetime.
A welcoming planet
Scientists say Earth’s neighbor Mars, a bright red planet about half Earth’s size, is the most likely to support human life. Mars even has frozen water on its surface.
Since the late 1990s, NASA has been exploring Mars using remote-controlled vehicles（装置）. Most recently Curiosity, a car-size vehicle, traveled through space on an unpiloted spacecraft(航天器) and landed on Mars in August 2012. Directed by NASA scientists , the vehicles move on the surface, taking pictures , collecting and analyzing soil, and looking for signs of life.
But what about human explorers? Plans are already in the works to send astronauts to Mars as soon as the mid-2030s.
_____________________________________
But before you start packing your bags, let’s consider the challenges. For starters, Mars is far away. Just getting there could take up to 10 months.
Scientists already know that time away from Earth’s gravity harms the human body. Bones and muscles get weaker. The body produces less blood. What damage would months and months of living in space do?
And then there is the matter of water, oxygen, food and fuel. Scientists will have to find solutions to these problems, or the first humans on Mars won’t survive very long in their new home.
Tiny Dangers
There’s another tinier risk. It’s so tiny that you can’t even see it: germs.
Some scientists believe that our germs could pollute the whole planet of Mars. Potentially killing Martian life before we have the chance to discover it. Worse, there is a small but terrifying chance that any microscopic life already there might be harmful to us .
Worse still, if any of those Martian germs(火星细菌) were brought back to Earth, the result could be disastrous. Animals, plants, and people could be wiped out.
Worth the $$$?
A more practical concern is the cost. The price could approach $ 1 trillion(万亿). How can we justify spending that much when so many problems—poverty, disease—could use the cash here on Earth?
1.Which of the following is TRUE according to the “A welcoming planet” part?
A. Mars is a little bigger than Earth.
B. There are flowing rivers on Mars.
C. People haven’t been to Mars so far.
D. Scientists have discovered signs of life on Mars.
2.Which of the following can best fill in the blank in the passage?
A. Living in space. B. Limited resources.
C. Extreme conditions. D. Interesting challenges.
3.By “Tiny dangers” the author means ________________.
A. there is no serious danger
B. people won’t be in any danger
C. it’s difficult for people to realize the danger
D. the danger may be caused by very small things
4.Which may cause the biggest danger?
A. Martian germs may be different from those on Earth.
B. Martian germs may be brought back to Earth.
C. People may carry germs to Mars.
D. There may be germs on Mars.
5.Which section of a newspaper is the passage most probably taken from?
A. People B. History C. Science D. Business
NASA’s twin Mars rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, have been exploring the Red Planet since 2004. But a little more than a year ago, NASA lost contact with Spirit. The space agency has tried several ways to make contact with the rover, but Spirit has not sent back any signals.
Spirit landed on Mars on January 4, 2004. Three weeks later, Opportunity arrived. Soon after, the rovers went to the opposite side of Mars. Spirit’s original mission was only designed to last for three months, but Spirit has worked for more than five years doing additional missions. Both rovers have made important discoveries about ancient Mars. They have taken thousands of images and found evidence in the rocks of a water, warmer past in Mars’ history.
Spirit is solar-powered. It got stuck in a sand trap in April 2009, trapped deep into the soil and with its wheels turning around and around but not able to move forwards or backwards. Spirit had to agree that there is nothing that can be done to change the situation—it’s never going to move again. However, even if it is a not moving station, it can still study the planet’s atmosphere and deep interior.
NASA has been concentrating on trying to position its solar panels to get as much energy from the sun as
possible, or to get the rover leaning in a manner that will allow the most amount of sunlight falling on its solar panels, in order to keep it alive during the coming winter months. Engineers have planned to rock the vehicle back and forth to acquire a more favorable position. However, no matter how many efforts have been made, Spirit still could not get out of the soft soil and could not lean itself toward the sun as the Martian winter approached. Without enough
energy reaching its solar panels and with so little energy in its batteries, it went into hibernation, just like a polar bear, and has not communicated with Earth since March 22, 2010.
Whatever the future holds for Spirit, its mission has been an outstanding success. When it landed on the Red Planet in January 2004, no one was really sure how long it would continue working in the cold and dusty environment. As a matter of fact, three months was its original goal.
After so many fruitless efforts, NASA scientists are losing hope of ever reconnecting with Spirit, but they will give it one more try. Ground controllers are contacting Spirit over a range of frequencies and at different times during the day in case its internal clock stopped working and it lost track of time. They also are commanding the rover to turn on its backup radio transmitter in case the main one is dead.
If this final effort to connect isn’t successful, NASA will shift the focus to its twin robot, Opportunity, which is in a different part of Mars. Opportunity is still on the move and continues to travel freely to this day. It has traveled 16.6 miles so far, and is currently rolling towards another crater it has yet to explore.
NASA has spent more than $900 million on the project but shows no sign of giving up on these determined and hard-working robots. The rovers are, though, experiencing gradual wear and tear, the expected damage to something caused by using it repeatedly over a period of time. Even before Spirit got trapped, one of its wheels had failed. And NASA says it’s just a matter of time before both robots break down completely.
【小题1】According to the passage, what can we know about Spirit?
| A．It had explored Mars several times. |
B．Its original mission was to work for five years. |
| C．It landed on Mars three weeks later than Opportunity. |
| D． It discovered that Mars was once a warm and wetter place. |
| A．Try to lean Spirit to make it get as much sunlight as possible. |
| B．Rock Spirit back and forth to make it acquire a more favorable position. |
| C．Make efforts to help Spirit get out of the soft soil where it is stuck. |
| D．Contact and order Spirit to turn on its backup radio transmitter. |
| A．it didn’t have enough energy | B．it had finished its task |
| C．something was wrong with its wheels | D．it met an unidentified creature |
| A．NASA will move the center of Spirit out of the sand |
| B．NASA will depend on Opportunity to do the exploration |
| C．NASA will do nothing but wait for some opportunity |
| D．NASA will make opportunity help Spirit |
| A．NASA has planned to spend more money on Spirit |
| B．Spirit will be brought back to Earth |
| C．Spirit will stop operating totally in the future |
| D．Spirit will cause damage to Mars |
| A．NASA makes the last effort to contact Spirit. |
| B．Spirit has made many important discoveries on Mars. |
| C．How Spirit got stuck and couldn’t move on Mars. |
| D．Why NASA tried many ways to contact Spirit. |
NASA’s twin Mars rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, have been exploring the Red Planet since 2004. But a little more than a year ago, NASA lost contact with Spirit. The space agency has tried several ways to make contact with the rover, but Spirit has not sent back any signals.
Spirit landed on Mars on January 4, 2004. Three weeks later, Opportunity arrived. Soon after, the rovers went to the opposite side of Mars. Spirit’s original mission was only designed to last for three months, but Spirit has worked for more than five years doing additional missions. Both rovers have made important discoveries about ancient Mars. They have taken thousands of images and found evidence in the rocks of a water, warmer past in Mars’ history.
Spirit is solar-powered. It got stuck in a sand trap in April 2009, trapped deep into the soil and with its wheels turning around and around but not able to move forwards or backwards. Spirit had to agree that there is nothing that can be done to change the situation—it’s never going to move again. However, even if it is a not moving station, it can still study the planet’s atmosphere and deep interior.
NASA has been concentrating on trying to position its solar panels to get as much energy from the sun as possible, or to get the rover leaning in a manner that will allow the most amount of sunlight falling on its solar panels, in order to keep it alive during the coming winter months. Engineers have planned to rock the vehicle back and forth to acquire a more favorable position. However, no matter how many efforts have been made, Spirit still could not get out of the soft soil and could not lean itself toward the sun as the Martian winter approached. Without enough energy reaching its solar panels and with so little energy in its batteries, it went into hibernation, just like a polar bear, and has not communicated with Earth since March 22, 2010.
Whatever the future holds for Spirit, its mission has been an outstanding success. When it landed on the Red Planet in January 2004, no one was really sure how long it would continue working in the cold and dusty environment. As a matter of fact, three months was its original goal.
After so many fruitless efforts, NASA scientists are losing hope of ever reconnecting with Spirit, but they will give it one more try. Ground controllers are contacting Spirit over a range of frequencies and at different times during the day in case its internal clock stopped working and it lost track of time. They also are commanding the rover to turn on its backup radio transmitter in case the main one is dead.
If this final effort to connect isn’t successful, NASA will shift the focus to its twin robot, Opportunity, which is in a different part of Mars. Opportunity is still on the move and continues to travel freely to this day. It has traveled 16.6 miles so far, and is currently rolling towards another crater it has yet to explore.
NASA has spent more than $900 million on the project but shows no sign of giving up on these determined and hard-working robots. The rovers are, though, experiencing gradual wear and tear, the expected damage to something caused by using it repeatedly over a period of time. Even before Spirit got trapped, one of its wheels had failed. And NASA says it’s just a matter of time before both robots break down completely.
1.According to the passage, what can we know about Spirit?
A. It had explored Mars several times.
B. Its original mission was to work for five years.
C. It landed on Mars three weeks later than Opportunity.
D. It discovered that Mars was once a warm and wetter place.
2.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT what NASA did?
A. Try to lean Spirit to make it get as much sunlight as possible.
B. Rock Spirit back and forth to make it acquire a more favorable position.
C. Make efforts to help Spirit get out of the soft soil where it is stuck.
D. Contact and order Spirit to turn on its backup radio transmitter.
3.The reason why Spirit failed to communicate with the Earth is that ________.
A. it didn’t have enough energy B. it had finished its task
C. something was wrong with its wheels D. it met an unidentified creature
4.By saying “NASA will shift the focus” in Paragraph 7, the author means that ______.
A. NASA will move the center of Spirit out of the sand
B. NASA will depend on Opportunity to do the exploration
C. NASA will do nothing but wait for some opportunity
D. NASA will make opportunity help Spirit
5.The last paragraph mainly informs us that _______.
A. NASA has planned to spend more money on Spirit
B. Spirit will be brought back to Earth
C. Spirit will stop operating totally in the future
D. Spirit will cause damage to Mars
6. What’s the text mainly about?
A. NASA makes the last effort to contact Spirit.
B. Spirit has made many important discoveries on Mars.
C. How Spirit got stuck and couldn’t move on Mars.
D. Why NASA tried many ways to contact Spirit.
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