A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.

　　The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96. The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.

　　Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.

　　The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle-aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future. Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction. Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.

　　“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade,” wrote Frieder R. Lang, a professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.

　　Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.

　　“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施),” the authors wrote.

　　Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.

　　T  Pessimism gurantees chances of survival.he authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions. Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.

　　However, the researchers said a pattern was clear. “We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic,” the authors concluded.

　　67. According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?

　　A. Optimistic adults.

　　B. Middle-aged adults.

　　C. Adults in poor health.

　　D. Adults of lower income.

　　68. Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people ______.

　　A. to fully enjoy their present life

　　B. to estimate their contribution accurately

　　C. to take measures against potential risks

　　D. to value health more highly than wealth

　　69. How do people of higher income see their future?

　　A. They will earn less money.

　　B. They will become pessimistic.

　　C. They will suffer mental illness.

　　D. They will have less time to enjoy life.

　　70. What is the clear conclusion of the study?

　　A. Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.

　　B. Good financial condition leads to good health.

　　C. Medical treatment determines health outcomes.

　　D. Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.

I always felt sorry for people in wheelchairs.Some people,old and weak,cannot 1 by themselves.Others seem perfectly healthy,　 2　 in business suits,and wheel themselves around with strong determination.But whenever I saw someone in a wheelchair,I only saw a　 3　 ,not a person.

Then I fainted（晕倒）at Euro Disney　 4　 low blood pressure.This was the first time I had ever fainted,and my parents said that I must　 5　 for a while after First Aid.I agreed to take it easy,but　 6　 I stepped toward the door,I saw my dad pushing a (n)　 7　 in my direction!Feeling the colour burn my cheeks,I asked him to wheel that thing right back to　 8　 he found it.

I could not believe this was happening to me.Wheelchairs were　 9　 for other people but not for me.As my father wheeled me out into the main street,people　 10 began to treat me differently.

Little kids ran in front of me, 11 my father to stop the wheelchair suddenly.　 12　 set in as I was thrown back and forth.“Stupid kids—they have perfectly good　 13　 .Why can’t they watch where they’re going?”I thought.People　 14　 down at me,pity in their eyes.Then they would look away,maybe because they thought the　 15　 they forgot me,the better.

“I am just like you!”I wanted to scream.“The only　 16　 is that you’ve got legs,and I have wheels.”

People in wheelchairs are not　 17　 .They can see every look and hear each word.Looking out at the faces,I finally understood: I was once just like them.I　 18　 people in wheelchairs exactly the way they did not　 19　 to be treated.I realized it is some of us with two healthy legs who are　 20　 disabled.

1．A.look around　　　 B.care about　　　 C.make out　　　　 D.get around

2．A.dressed　　　　　 B.covered　　　　 C.folded　　　　　 D.lost

3．A.beast　　　　　　 B.disability　　　 C.passer-by　　　 D.failure

4．A.by way of　　　　 B.as to　　　　　 C.due to　　　　　 D.in terms of

5．A.sleep　　　　　　 B.break　　　　　 C.leave　　　　　 D.rest

6．A.before　　　　　 B.until　　　　　 C.because　　　　 D.as

7．A.wheelchair　　　 B.carriage　　　　 C.armchair　　　 D.bed

8．A.whom　　　　　　 B.that　 　　　　　 C.where　　　　　 D.which

9．A.fine　　　　　　 B.sad　　　　　　　 C.light　　　　　 D.cheap

10．A.gradually　　　　 B.immediately　　　 C.finally　　　　 D.rapidly

11．A.catching　　　　 B.making　　　　　 C.preventing　　 D.forcing

12．A.Bitterness　　　 B.lnterest　　　　 C.Regret　　　　 D.Amusement

13．A.space　　　　　　 B.manners　　　　　 C.legs　　　　　 D.control

14．A.smiled　　　　　 B.stared　　　　　 C.handed　　　　 D.pushed

15．A.happier　　　　　 B.faster　　　　　 C.sooner　　　　 D.harder

16．A.advantage　　　　 B.difference　　　 C.choice　　　　 D.difficulty

17．A.healthy　　　　　 B.common　　　　　 C.stupid　　　　 D.violent

18．A.treated　　　　　 B.ignored　　　　　 C.greeted　　　　 D.injured

19．A.mean　　　　　 　B.need　　　　　　 C.enjoy　　　　　 D.want

20．A.generally　　　　 B.truly　　　　　　 C.mostly　　　　 D.eventually

Laughter and tears are part of living．But do you find enough time for laughter? I am not

asking if you __1__ lots of good times．__2__ we should laugh during the happy times．But do you also laugh during the__3__times?

　 Erma Bombeek is known for her humorous books, but she wrote one that __4__ a more serious topic：__5__ in children．Erma talks with many children with cancer and learns __6__

life lessons from them．She learns, for instance, that cancer survivors know how to__7__.

　 She __8__ the experience of 15-year-old Jessica from Burlinton．Jessica’s leg was cut

off at the knee because of cancer．She was learning to __9__ a prosthesis(假肢)．Jessica tells

about playing __10__．She kicked the ball __11__ and it flew off in one __12__ while her artificial leg flew into another．She fell on the __13__ and laughed．

　 Jessica may not have laughed about her cancer，but she laughed about handling the__14__

of it．And her laughter helped her a deal．

　 There is the story of 17-year-old Betsy．She __15__her way to the radiation room for her regular radiation therapy(化疗)．As __16__，she dropped her hospital gown and，wearing only her birthday suit，__17__ onto the table and waited．The extra people in the room were not the medical students she had thought，but__18__painters giving an estimate on painting! Betsy laughed heartily about the incident．And like Jessica, her __19__ to laugh helped her to deal with one of the most difficult things a young person can endure — cancer．

　 Do you find plenty of__20__ for laughter? You can…if you also find reasons to laugh during the especially difficult times．

　 Survivors know how to laugh．If you can laugh even when the going is rough，you’ll make

it．And you’ll smile at the end．

1．A. lose　　　　　 B. miss　　　　　 C. experience　　　 　　D. laugh

2．A. Of course　　　 B. In addition　　　 C. At first　　　　　　　 D. First of all

3．A. ordinary　　　 B. difficult　　　　 C. pleasant　　　　　　　 D. usual

4．A. connected　　　 B. reported　　　　 C. referred　　　　　　　 D. covered

5．A. cancer　　　　 B. disability　　　　 C. illness　　　　　　　 D. laughter

6．A. serious　　　　 B. important　　　　 C. careful　　　　　　　 D. thoughtful

7．A. cry　　　　　 B. shout　　　　　 C. laugh　　　　　　　　 D. face

8．A. describes　　　 B. learns　　　　　 C. keeps　　　　　　　　 D. imagines

9．A. put　　　　　 B. have　　　　　　 C. wear　　　　　　　　 D. make

10．A. basketball　　 B. badminton　　　　 C. volleyball　　　　　　 D. soccer

11．A. gently　　　　 B. hard　　　　　　 C. slightly　　　　　　　 D. straightly

12．A. way　　　　　 B. method　　　　　 C. direction　　　　　　　 D. point

13．A. floor　　　　 B. table　　　　　　 C. chair　　　　　　　　 D. bed

14．A. causes　　　　 B. results　　　　　 C. process　　　　　　　 D. ends

15．A. fought　　　　 B. took　　　　　　 C. made　　　　　　　　 D. pushed

16．A. common　　　 B. often　　　　　　 C. before　　　　　　　 D. usual

17．A .climbed　　　 B. lay　　　　　　　 C. jumped　　　　　　　 D. sat

18．A. also　　　　　 B. rather　　　　　 C. already　　　　　　　 D. almost

19．A. strength　　　 B. willingness　　　 C. ability　　　　　　　　 D. confidence

20．A. times　　　　 B. places　　　　　　 C. days　　　　　　　　 D. moments

Mark Gibson is a former gymnastics coach who once worked with many excellent athletes. He often tells a wonderful story about a 15-year-old 　16 girl, Cindy, whose attitude brought out the best in everyone.

Cindy wasn’t a great 　17 , but when she was in the gym, everyone complained less, worked harder, and, not 　18 , achieved more. Cindy was such a powerful motivator 　19 she could see nothing. When it was her turn to do the vault（跳马）, mother would also 　20 alongside her, and tell her how close she was to the vault. When her mom said, “Vault!”, Cindy would reach out and jump, 　21 her mother and herself.

Cindy loved the sport and kept 　22 because she and her mom refused to be defeated by her 　23 . Mark called her the most 　24 member of the team, not because of her 　25 ability, but because of her heart and because she 　26 a standard of perseverance(坚持) and courage that inspired others to get more out of themselves. Everyone who 　27 her work hard to be the best 28 how much more they could get out of themselves.

This is leadership---leadership by 　29 . And we see this sort of leadership not only in 　30 but also in families and in the workplace. Often the most important members of the team are not the 　31 , most skilled, or most powerful. Instead, their 　32 is in their attitude and their ability to inspire and 　33 others with their optimism, enthusiasm, and determination.

People who know how to get the best out of themselves get the best of others.

There’s no doubt that Cindy’s 　34 has a great effect on her teammates. A person’s personality matters most because it comes from within and does not depend on 　35 alone.

16．A．pretty　　　　　　　　　　 B．kind　　　　　　　　　　　 C．blind　　　　　　　　 D．clever

17．A．instructor　　　　　　　 B．worker　　　　　　　　　 C．leader　　　　　　　 D．gymnast

18．A．accidentally　　　　　　 B．naturally　　　　　　　　 C. gradually　　 D．surprisingly

19．A．because　　　　　　　　 B．after　　　　　　　　　　　 C．that　　　　　　　　 D．when

20．A．jump　　　　　　　　　　 B．about　　　　　　　　　　 C．appear　　　　　　 D．run

21．A．supporting　　　　　　 B．trusting　　　　　　　　　 C．satisfying　　　　 D．attracting

22．A．failing　　　　　　　　　　 B．praying　　　　　　　　　 C．dreaming　　　　 D．improving

23．A．mistake　　　　　　　　　 B．coach　　　　　　　　　　 C．disability　　　　　 D．laziness

24．A．important　　　　　　　 B．skilled 　　　　　　　　　 C．popular　　　　　　 D．powerful

25．A．organizational　　　　 B．communicative　　　 C．athletic　　　　　　 D．musical

26．A．showed　　　　　　　　 B．understood　　　　　　 C．settled　　　　　　 D．reached

27．A．made　　　　　　　　　　 B．watched　　　　　　　　 C．helped　　　　　　 D．heard

28．A．forgot　　　　　　　　　　 B．imagined　　　　　　　　 C．confirmed　　　　 D．realized

29．A．knowledge　　　　　　 B．example　　　　　　　　 C. reputation　 D．experience

30．A．exercises　　　　　　　 B．gymnasiums　　　　　 C．sports　　　　　　　 D．teams

31．A．smartest　　　　　　　　 B．richest　　　　　　　　　 C．tallest　　　　　　　 D．oldest

32．A．use　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．advantage　　　　　　　 C．power　　　　　　 D．technique

33．A．persuade　　　　　　　　 B．encourage　　　　　　　 C．educate　　　　　　 D．consider

34．A．character　　　　　　　 B．decision　　　　　　　　 C. existence　　 D．achievement

35．A．opportunity　　　　　　 B．appearance　　　　　　 C. success　　 D．environment

　 With his leg lame（瘸的）and his teeth uneven, the boy almost thought of himself as the most unfortunate child in the world. He 　36 played with his classmates; and when asked to answer questions, he always 　37 his head without a word.

One spring, his father brought home some saplings（树苗）. 　38 of his children would plant a sapling and he promised, "Whoever 　39　 his sapling best shall get a favorite gift." The boy certainly wanted to get his father's gift. 　40 seeing his brothers and sisters watering the trees, he 　41 an idea: he hoped the tree he planted would die soon. So after watering it once or twice, he never 42　 it.

A few days later, when the little boy went to see his tree again, he was 　43 to find it not only didn't die, but also grew some fresh 　44 . Compared with those of his brothers and sisters, his appeared greener. His father kept his 　45 , bought the little boy one of his favorite gifts and said from the tree he planted, he would surely become an outstanding 　　__46 when he grew up.

From then on, the little boy slowly became 　47 and confident. One night, he suddenly __48 his biology teacher once said that plants 　49 grow at night. Why not go to see his tree? When he came to the courtyard, he found his father was working near his tree with a ladle（长柄勺）. All of a sudden, he 　50 : his father had been secretly 　 51 his small tree! He returned to his room, tears 　 52　 in his eyes.

Decades passed. The little boy didn't become a botanist. 　53 , he was elected President of the United States. His name was Franklin Roosevelt.

　 54 is the best nourishment（滋养品）of life; 　55 it is just a bucket of water, it can make the tree of life grow well.

36、A. ever 　　　　　　　 B. seldom 　　　　　　　　　 C. still 　　　　　　　　　　　 D. often

37、A. held 　　　　　　　 B. raise 　　　　　　　　　　　 C. lowered 　　　　　　　　 D. covered

38、A. Both 　　　　　　 B. None 　　　　　　　　　　 C. One 　　　　　　　　　　　 D. Each

39、A. likes 　　　　　　　 B. protects 　　　　　　　　 C. grows 　　　　　　　　　 D. watches

40、A. And 　　　　　　　 B. So 　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. Before 　　　　　　　　　 D. But

41、A. cared for 　　　　 B. got rid of（摆脱） C. hit upon 　　　　　　　　 D. put forward

42、A. appealed to B. attended to C. adapted to D. turned to

43、A. surprised 　　　　　　 B. frightened 　　　　　　　 C. disappointed 　　　　　 D. amused

44、A. roots 　　　　　　　　 B. leaves 　　　　　　　　　　 C. branches 　　　　　　　 D. seeds

45、A. word 　　　　　　　　 B. balance 　　　　　　　　　 C. agreement 　　　　　　　 D. opinion

46、A. teacher 　　　 B. gardener 　　　　　　　　 C. president 　　　　　　　 D. botanist

47、A. satisfied 　　　　　　 B. certain 　　　　　　　　　 C. optimistic 　　　　　　　 D. independent

48、A. believed 　　　　　　 B. recalled 　　　　　　　　　 C. repeated 　　　　　　　　 D. knew

49、A. generally 　　　　　　 B. hardly 　　　　　　　　　　 C. recently 　　　　　　　　 D. probably

50、A. remembered B. understood 　　　　　　 C. wondered 　　　　　　　 D. admitted

51、A. cutting 　　　　 B. decorating 　　　　　　　 C. watering 　　　　　　　　 D. providing

52、A. welling 　　　　 B. falling 　　　　　　　　　　 C. dropping 　　　　　　　　 D. crying

53、A. Therefore 　　　 B. Besides 　　　　　　　　　 C. Moreover 　　　　　　　 D. Instead

54、A. Love 　　　　　　　 B. Water 　　　　　　　　　　 C. Disability 　　　　　　　 D. Father

55、A. so long as 　　　 B. if only 　　　　　　　　　 C. now that 　　　　　　　　 D. even though