III, Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.  Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

The world was sharply separated into men and women, because that was the way we believed it should be.  We hold this firm belief and made efforts to keep this ___50___.  When a baby came to the world, he or she was expected to play different roles—boys were portrayed as noisy and naughty ones who people were more likely to ___51___ while girls were bound by strict social requirements to be lovely and ___52___.  People became the product of their sex.  Their social roles were determined when they were ___53___.  Males were the producers of cool reasoning and were capable of ___54___.  And being emotional was considered as the feature of females and their main activity location was ___55___.

___56___, with the development of civilization and women’s self-consciousness, more and more women have realized that such natural and physical differences between man and woman have no ___57___ with the differences between male and female excellence.  Women are now confident to ___58___ the concepts as “male leadership” and “male power”, which are only terms invented by men and serve in men’s ___59___.

Such remarkable change in people’s viewpoint may well explain the gradual ___60___ of single-sex schools.  The aim of education is to stimulate imagination, encourage free thinking and keep alive various interests.  But the single-sex school follows the same regulations and ___61___ a set of separate subjects for males or females.  In single-sex schools, instead of being offered a rich expansion of experience, students have access to ___62___ knowledge.  Such education harms individual freedom and kills the possibility for a young person to develop into a(n) ___63___ human.  Furthermore, such sexual distinction is also dangerous as it breaks up the sense of community by ___64___ people into two sex groups, which eventually damages the development of human civilization.

50.   A. regret     B. division            C. union          D. step

51.   A. spoil            B. control             C. teach          D. face

52.   A. active          B. humorous       C. famous            D. gentle

53. A. born              B. grown         C. praised            D. retired

54.   A. friendship       B. failure     C. leadership        D. relationship

55.   A. at home          B. at work place       C. in politics        D. in education

56.   A. In particular         B. Furthermore        C. In addition   D. However

57.   A. contact            B. attempt          C. connection  D. excuse

58.   A. reject          B. reflect     C. pardon             D. measure

59.   A. truth           B. sex              C. interest           D. belief

60.   A. extinction       B. prospect         C. foundation   D. definition

61.   A. sets up            B. brings down         C. sticks to          D. gives up

62.   A. objective         B. wrong         C. vivid            D. limited

63.   A. complete        B. simple     C. domestic         D. ordinary

64.   A. guiding            B. uniting     C. isolating          D. transporting

 

He doesn’t spend any more money on clothing than I do, but ______ he manages to look so stylish.

A.therefore    B. somehow   C. furthermore   D. otherwise

 

Make sure the gas is turned off after a bath, which would ________ cause danger.

A．somehow         B．meanwhile         C．otherwise         D．furthermore

 

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Many times when our new husbands and wives enter our lives, they need to accept another love that is already there. A lot of us have pets and they are a huge part of our __50__. Some may not want these loved ones absent from our most __51__ moment of getting married. There are many things you can do to your pets to be __52__ included in your wedding and not have the event turn into a __53__. Let's talk about how you can have a pet friendly wedding! 

First things first, some people may be allergic（过敏）to pets and this does have to be taken into consideration when you're thinking of __54__ your dog, cat or other pet in the wedding activities. The __55__ thing you want to do is have sneezing guests that are miserable the whole time they are at your wedding. __56__ you may want to plan an outdoor wedding so that the pet dander（毛屑）does not become an issue it would be if __57__ indoors.

Next, set aside an area where pets will be kept out in the open and __58__ but still away so not to spoil the wedding ceremony. If the pets are __59__ and used to being around other pets, allow the pets to play together. Also, you should ask anyone that has a pet __60__ at the wedding to sit towards the back and away from anyone that may have allergies.

And last but not least, not only will you have to plan a special meal for your __61__ guests, you'll also want to make sure there's plenty of food and water for any pets present. Although this may be a bit __62__, you may want to allow only certain types of animals to attend the wedding activities. __63__, if you have a dog, perhaps only allow guests that also have dogs. Obviously you will not want aggressive pets possibly to __64__ any part of the event. I'm sure you are not going to want to walk through the crowd to pets fighting in the background.

50.A. lives                   B. homes                     C. marriages                D. families

51.A. lively                 B. important                 C. attractive                 D. representative

52.A. safely             B. blindly                     C. smoothly                 D. uncertainly

53.A. dream             B. comedy                    C. legend                      D. disaster

54.A. feeding                  B. raising                            C. including                  D. attending

55.A. last                     B. only                         C. other                       D. similar

56.A. However             B. Furthermore             C. Therefore                 D. Meanwhile

57.A. held                  B. trapped                    C. participated              D. celebrated

58.A. at risk             B. in sight                    C. for fun                            D. by hand

59.A. healthy                  B. energetic                  C. sociable                   D. sensitive

60.A. alert                   B. angry                             C. present                     D. disappointed

61.A. human            B. formal                   C. party-animal            D. animal-loving

62.A. tough                  B. silly                        C. serious                    D. common

63.A. In general           B. By contrast            C. In conclusion            D. For instance

64.A. attend             B. witness                     C. worsen                     D. interrupt

 

Psychology(心理学) has a new application in the field of medicine. Many doctors, together with their patients, are looking for alternative methods of treatment of physical problems. In large hospitals, modern therapy（疗法） seems to focus on the physical disease. Patients may feel they are treated like broken machines. Some doctors have recognized this as a problem. They are now using psychological therapy, in which the patient is working with the doctors against the disease with the help of medicine. The patient does not wait for the medicine and treatment to cure him or her, but instead the patient joins in the fight.

     The doctor knows that a disease affects a patient's body physically. The body of the patient changes because of the disease. He is not only physically affected, but also has an emotional response to the disease. Because his mind is affected, his attitude and behavior change. The medical treatment might cure the patient's physical problems, but the patient's mind must fight the emotional ones. For example, the studies of one doctor, Carl Simonton, M. D., have shown that a typical cancer patient has predictable attitudes. She typically feels depressed, upset, and angry. Her constant depression makes her acts unfriendly toward her family, friends, doctors, and nurses. Such attitudes and behaviors prevent recovery. Therefore, a doctor's treatment must help the patient change that. Simonton's method emphasizes treatment of the “whole” patient.

     The attitude of a cancer patient receiving radiation therapy, an X-ray treatment, can become more positive. The physician who is following Simonton's psychological treatment plan suggests that the patient imagine that he or she can see the tumor（肿瘤） in the body. In the mental picture, the patient "sees" a powerful beam of radiation like a million bullets of energy. The patient imagines the beam hitting the tumor cells and causing them to shrink. For another cancer patient, Dr. Simonton asks him to imagine the medicine going from the stomach into the bloodstream and to the cancer cells. The patient imagines that the medicine is like an army fighting the diseased cells and sees the cancer cells gradually dying and his blood carry away the dead cells. Both the medical therapy and the patient's positive attitude fight the disease.

     Doctors are not certain why this mental therapy works. However, this use of psychology does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves change. They become more confident because they use the power within their own minds to help stop the disease.

     Another application of using the mind to help cure disease is the use of suggestion therapy. At first, the doctor helps the patient to concentrate deeply. The patient thinks only about one thing. He becomes so unaware of other things around him that he is asleep, or rather in a trance（催眠状态）. Then the physician makes “a suggestion” to the patient about the medical problem. The patient's mind responds to the suggestion even after the patient is no longer in the trance. In this way, the patient uses his mind to help his body respond to treatment.

     Doctors have learned that this use of psychology is helpful for both adults and children. For example, physicians have used suggestion to help adults deal with the strong pain of some disease. Furthermore, sometimes the adult patient worries about her illness so much that the anxiety keeps her from getting well. The right suggestions may help the patient to stop being anxious. Such treatment may help the patient with a chronic（慢性的）diseases. Asthma （哮喘） is an example of a chronic disorder. Asthma is a disease that causes the patient to have difficulty in breathing. The patient starts to cough and sometimes has to fight to get the air that he or she needs. Psychology can help relieve the symptoms of this disorder. After suggestion therapy, the asthma patient breathes more easily.

     Physicians have learned that the psychological method is very useful in treating children. Children respond quickly to the treatment because they are fascinated by it. For example, Dr. Basil R. Collison has worked with 121 asthmatic children in Sydney, Australia, and had good results. Twenty-five of the children had Excellent results. They were able to breathe more easily, and they did not need medication. Another forty-three were also helped. The symptoms of the asthma occurred less frequently, and when they did, they were not as strong. Most of the children also felt better about themselves. Doctors have also used suggestion to change habits like nail-biting, thumb-sucking, and sleep-related problems.

     Many professional medical groups have accepted the medical use of psychology and that psychology has important applications in medicine.

1.What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. How suggestion therapy benefits adults and children.

B. How modern therapy focuses on the disease.

C. Responses from the medical world.

D. How to use the mind against disease.

2.How does psychological therapy work?

  A. The patient waits for the medicine and treatment to cure him.

  B. The doctor uses medical treatment to cure the patient's problems.

  C. The doctor, the medicine, and the patient work together to fight disease.

  D. The patient uses his mind to cure himself.

3.What can we learn from the studies of Carl Simonton, M. D.?

  A. The medical treatment can cure the patient's mental disease.

  B. The treatment of a patient by treating the body and the mind is necessary.

  C. The mental treatment is more important than medical treatment.

  D. Few patients have emotional response to the disease.

4.The use of psychological therapy is helpful to some patients in that             .

  A. the medical effect is better with psychological therapy than without it

  B. the patients can see a powerful beam of radiation hitting their tumor cells

  C. the patients' attitudes towards themselves have changed

  D. the patients are easy to accept the methods the doctors use to treat them

5.It can be learned from the passage that suggestion therapy cannot be used to             .

  A. help adults deal with the strong pain of some diseases

  B. help the patients with chronic diseases

  C. help change some bad habits

  D. help cure patients of insomnia（失眠症）

6.According to the passage, which of the following remains unknown so far?

  A. The value of mental therapy.

  B. The effectiveness of suggestion therapy.

  C. The working principle of suggestion therapy.

  D. The importance of psychology in medical treatment.