根据短文内容，从下框A-F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余项。

A. Look up things in the dictionary. B. Figure out things on your own. C. Exercise your mind in different ways. D. Study more effectively. E. Be more curious. F. Do some research.

How to become more intelligent

Are you embarrassed when you don’t know the answer to a teacher’s question? Everybody has those times when they just feel like they don’t know anything. Of course, you can’t know everything, but no matter how smart you are, you can start becoming more intelligent today.

61.       

How do some people get to know so much? Good memory skills are only part of the answer: you also have to be curious. If you’re satisfied going through life with little or no understanding of things you’re unfamiliar with, you won’t learn much. Make a conscious effort to be more curious by reminding yourself that developing your curiosity will broaden your horizons and help to make you more intelligent.

62.       

Curiosity without initiative (主动性) is like having a car that’s out of gas—it won’t take you anywhere. Fortunately, when it comes to knowledge you’re never far from success. If you read a word that you don’t know, look it up in the dictionary. If you wonder how airplanes fly, read a book about it. If you want to know more about politics, pick up a newspaper. With the appearance of Internet, there’s less excuse for not finding something out that you want to know.

63.       

If you know how to use references, from an Internet search engine to an encyclopedia (百科全书), you’ll be able to find the information you want more quickly and effectively. Effective research skills will nourish your curiosity because you’ll become more confident in your ability to get knowledge. If your research skills leave something to be desired, take a class or workshop on how to research, ask a librarian or teacher or simply practise researching.

64.       

There’s a lot more to intelligence than “book smarts”. We can learn to perform everyday tasks at work, home and school better and more intelligently. If you don’t know how to do something, you’d better not ask somebody else to do it for you or show you how. In most cases, you’ll be able to figure it out on your own, either by trial-and-error or by researching. While it usually takes longer to figure something out than it does to ask about it, you’ll learn more about the overall process, and you’ll remember it better. Most importantly, you’ll exercise your problem-solving skills instead of your “do as you’re told” skills.

65.       

Most of us are good at the things we do well in naturally or the activities we do every day. Challenge yourself to learn a new skill or to think in a different way, however, and you’ll actually become more intelligent. Choose something you’d like to learn to do, or a subject you don’t do well in and focus on it. At first, you may be uncomfortable and feel even less intelligent than you did before, but if you study or practise hard, you’ll become more confident, and you’ll make new connections in your mind.

It’s really true what people say about English politeness: it’s everywhere. When squeezing  past someone in a narrow passage, people say “sorry”. When getting off a bus, English passengers say “thank you” rather than the driver. In Germany, people would never dream of doing these things. After all, squeezing past others is sometimes unavoidable, and the bus driver is only doing his job. I used to think the same way, without questioning it, until I started traveling to the British Isles, and here are some more polite ways of interacting  with people in UK.

People thank each other everywhere in England, all the time. When people buy something in a shop, customer and shop assistant in most cases thank each other twice or more. In Germany, it would be exceptional to hear more than one thank you in such a conversation. British students thank their lecturers when leaving the room. English employers thank their employees for doing their jobs, as opposite to Germans, who would normally think that paying their workers money is already enough.

Another thing I observed during my stay was that English people rarely criticize others. Even when I was working and mistakes were pointed out to me, my employers emphasized several times but none of their explanations were intended as criticism. It has been my impression that by avoiding criticism, English people are making an effort to make others feel comfortable. This also is showed in other ways. British men still open doors for women, and British men are more likely to treat women to a meal than German men. However, I do need to point out here that this applies to English men a bit more than it would to Scottish men! Yes, the latter are a bit tightfisted.

1.What is the author’s attitude towards English politeness?

A. He thinks it is unnecessary.                      B. He thinks little of it.

C. He appreciates it very much.                            D. He thinks it goes too far.

2.What can be inferred from the passage?

A. German men never treat a woman to dinner.

B. The author think it’s unnecessary to say “thank you” to the bus driver.

C. In Germany, employers often say “thank you” to employees for their job.

D. Germans think it is unnecessary to thank workers because payment is enough.

3.We can learn from the last paragraph that Scottish men ______.

A. like to fight with each other          

B. treat women in a polite way

C. are as generous as English men              

D. are unwilling to spend money for women

4.The author develops the text through the method of ______.

A. making comparisons   B. telling stories                  C. giving reasons    D. giving examples

 

 “Dining out”, or “eating out”, is a phrase people use in Britain when they eat in a restaurant or a pub. Eating out is more popular in Britain today than ever before.

However, eating out can be expensive. Restaurants are normally more expensive than pubs, though many pubs serve very good, simple food. As British people don’t dine out every night of the week, eating in a restaurant is often seen as a special occasion. When going for the first date, or if celebrating an anniversary or a birthday, many people like to go to a restaurant. People often eat in a restaurant before going to the cinema or the theatre.

As in all cultures, there are many rules of etiquette (礼节)surrounding food and eating, and nowhere is this more pronounced than when eating in a smart restaurant. People are almost always expected to eat with a knife and fork and these should be held in the correct hand and used in the correct way. It is also impolite to have your elbows on the dining table when you are eating.

There’re many such “unspoken” rules — they are normally only important when eating in a very elegant and expensive restaurant, and vary slightly from restaurant to restaurant and place to place. A recent nationwide survey showed that there was a divide in manners between the north and south of Britain — the “worst” manners were in Scotland and the northeast, and the “best” in Wales and the southeast! However, this survey was almost certainly conducted by someone in the southeast, so it may not be entirely fair.

Naturally, restaurants vary greatly in quality and price. However, almost all British cities have a vast range of food and cooking styles to choose from as well as traditional British food,. from the very cheap to the very expensive — French, Italian, Indian, Greek, Thai, Japanese and many more. In fact, when asked what their favorite food is, many British people say an Indian curry (咖喱菜）rather than any other dish!

As well as dining in a restaurant, when people are too tired to cook after work they often get a “takeaway”. This means they order from a takeaway or takeout restaurant by phone, then go to collect it and take it home to eat. Many takeout restaurants also deliver to your house. While you can normally find a takeout restaurant for almost any cuisine, the most popular are Italian, Indian and Chinese — and all you have to do is to open the door, pay and eat!

1.What can be concluded from the first two paragraphs?

A．The British spend more eating out than cooking at home.

B．The British pay great attention to eating in a restaurant.

C．The British often dine out when celebrating festivals.

D．People tend to eat in a restaurant after watching a movie.

2.The underlined word ^“pronounced” in Paragraph 3 probably means “_____”.

A．polite            B．expensive         C．strange           D．obvious

3.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

A．There exist great differences of rules in different restaurants.

B．People from Wales and southeast Britain are the most polite.

C．Your order in a takeout restaurant can be sent to your home.

D．Traditional British food is seldom served in British restaurants.

4.What does the passage mainly talk about?

A．Restaurant culture in Britain.               B．Table manners in Britain.

C．Different restaurants in Britain.             D．Traditional and foreign foods in Britain.

 

…That’s my second piece of advice, very simple: Don’t make excuses. Take responsibility not just for your successes; take responsibility where you fall short as well.
Now, the truth is, no matter how hard you work, you’re not going to ace (取得好成绩) every class. You’re not going to succeed the first time you try something. There are going to be times when you screw up (弄糟). There will be times where you hurt people you love. There will be times when you make a mistake and you stray (偏离) from the values that you hold most deeply.
And when that happens, it’s the easiest thing in the world to start looking around for somebody else to blame. Your professor was too hard; the coaches were playing favorites; your friend just didn’t understand.
No, but this is an easy habit to get into. You see it every day in Washington — every day -—folks calling each other names, making all sorts of accusations on television. Everybody is always pointing a finger at somebody else. You notice that?
Now, this community could have easily gone down that road. This community could have made excuses — well, our kids have fewer advantages, our schools have fewer resources — how can we compete? You could have spent years pointing fingers— blaming parents, blaming teachers, blaming the principal , blaming the superintendent.
But that’s — Class of 2010, I want you to pay attention on this because that’s not what happened. Instead, this community was honest with itself about where you were falling short. You decided to do better, push your kids harder, open their minds wider, expose them to all kinds of ideas and people and experiences.
So, graduates, I hope you’ll continue those efforts. Don’t make excuses. And I hope that wherever you go, you won’t narrow the broad intellectual and social exposure you’ve had here at Kalamazoo Central — instead, seek to expand it. Don’t just hang out with people who look like you or share your political views. Broaden your circle to include people with different backgrounds and life experiences, because that’s how you’ll end up learning what it’s like to walk in somebody else’s shoes. That’s how you’ll come to understand the challenges other people face.
And this is not just an academic exercise. It’s a way to broaden your ambit (范围) of concern and learn to see yourselves in each other.
—adapted from US President Barack Obama’s graduation ceremony speech at the Kalamazoo Central High School.
【小题1】 The underlined words “fall short” in Paragraph 1 probably mean         .

A．make a decision	B．begin to experience something
C．have someone else to blame	D．fail to reach a standard

【小题2】 The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refers to         .

A．misunderstanding your friends	B．straying from the values you hold
C．making accusations on television	D．blaming someone else for your mistake

【小题3】 We can infer from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that the community         .

A．has got used to making excuses	B．has lived up to its responsibility
C．is satisfied with itself	D．provides fewer resources than it used to

【小题4】 In the last two paragraphs, Obama calls on the graduates to         .

A．welcome different ideas, people and experiences

B．participate in as many social activities as they can

C．make friends with people who share their polit­ical views

D．be honest and concerned about the community

The long, lonely voyage of the Japanese ghost ship is over．

A US Coast Guard cutter poured cannon fire into an abandoned Japanese ghost ship that had been drifting since last year’s tsunami, sinking the vessel into waters more than 305 meters deep in the Gulf of Alaska and removing the danger it posed to shipping and the coastline on Thursday．

The cutter’s guns tore holes in the 164-foot Ryou-Un Maru, and then it began to take on water and lean to one side． In about four hours, the ship disappeared into the sea, said Chief Petty Officer Kip Wadlow．

The ship had no lights or communications system, and its tank was able to carry more than 7,570 liters of diesel fuel． Officials, however, didn’t know exactly how much fuel was aboard．

“It’s less risky than it would be running into shore or running into other ships,” coast guard spokesman Paul Webb said．

The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency studied the problem and decided it is safer to sink the ship than let the fuel evaporate and pollute the sea environment．

Ryou-Un Maru was probably among the first wave of the 1．5 million tons of garbage of refrigerators, washing machines, televisions, roofs and fishing nets heading toward North America since last March when a magnitude-9．0 earthquake struck Japan．

As the coast guard was ready to fire on the vessel, a Canadian fishing vessel, the 19-meter Bernice C, claimed the rights to save the ghost ship in international waters．

Plans to sink it were paused so the Canadian crew could have a chance to take the stricken ship． A Canadian official with knowledge of the situation told the Associated Press that the Bernice C was unable to drag it．

Then the Canadian boat left, and once it was about 10 kilometers from the Japanese vessel, the Coast Guard began to fire, first with 25 mm shells, then a few hours later with ammunition twice that size．

State officials have been working to test the danger of garbage including materials affected by a damaged nuclear power plant, to see if Alaska residents, seafood or wild animals could be affected．

1.Which of the following is NOT the reason for sinking the Japanese ship?

A．It had no lights or communications system.

B．It might be washed up onto the shore．

C．It was a danger to other passing ships．

D．The oil it carried could pollute the sea．

2.The plan to fire on the Japanese ghost ship was paused because ____________．

A．the ghost ship was beyond the reach of the Coast Guard’s guns

B．the shells were not powerful enough to sink the ghost ship

C．state officials worried the ghost ship might give out radiation

D．a Canadian fishing boat wanted to save the ghost ship

3.Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?

A．Japanese ghost ship arriving at US

B．Tsunami garbage heading to US

C．Cannon fire sinking Japanese ghost ship

D．Japanese ghost ship polluting the Pacific