Most students try to learn English grammar using grammar textbooks. They study grammar rules and take grammar tests. They use an analytical（分析的） approach, attempting to memorize, and then apply, a great number of rules.

     However, research has proved this method inefficient and ineffective. The truth is, the human brain simply cannot consciously remember process and use hundreds of or thousands of grammar rules. Real speech is too fast.

    Native speakers do not learn grammar in this way, but rather intuitively (凭直觉地) and unconsciously. They learn in a complete way, not by attempting to memorize individual grammar rules. As a result, native speakers use correct grammar fluently and easily.

     Fortunately, it is possible for English learners to learn grammar this way. Language teacher Blaine Ray has developed a unique "intuitive" approach to teach English grammar. Her system uses "point of view" stories to teach the patterns of English grammar, allowing students unconsciously to acquire correct grammar without ever studying grammar rules.

     In this system, the teacher first tells a simple story from one point of view. It may be told about the past, then repeated, but beginning with "since he was a child"; then repeated again, but this time about the future.

     Listening to these stories allows students intuitively and effortlessly to learn English grammar and makes them be able to use it correctly when they speak.

     Point of View Stories is a creative new way to study English grammar, and offers hope to millions of frustrated English learners.

1.Which of the following ways is approved by the author?

A. Remembering grammar rules.

B. Taking grammar tests.

C. Analyzing grammatical structure.

D. Applying language to situations.

2. What does the underlined part "this way" in the fourth paragraph refer to?

A. Talking to native speakers when learning.

B. Learning English grammar in a complete way.

C. Using correct English grammar.

D. Learning English grammar from a teacher.

3.From this passage we learn that ______.

A. native speakers learn English grammar by listening to stories

B. Blaine Ray’s method gets students to grasp correct grammar unconsciously

C. Blaine Ray teaches grammar rules by asking students to tell stories

D. it’s hard for students to speak correct English in the new system

4.This passage wants to ______.

A. criticize the traditional way of learning grammar

B. introduce a new way to study English grammar

C. ask students to learn English grammar by listening to stories

D. tell us how the native speakers learn English grammar

5.Why shouldn’t the English learners use an analytical approach?

A. because the analytical approach can let them learn English grammar effortlessly

B. because the analytical approach makes them be able to use English correctly when they speak.

C. because the analytical approach can’t let them memorize and then apply a great number of rules.

D. because Real speech is too fast.

Teachers and parents usually call attention to the pictures when they read storybooks to pre-school children. But a new study suggests that calling attention to the words and letters on the page may lead to better readers.

The two-year study compared children who were read in this way in class with children who were not. Those whose teachers most often discussed the print showed clearly higher skills in reading, spelling and understanding. These results were found one year and even two years later.

Shayne Piasta, an assistant professor of teaching and learning at Ohio State University, was an author of the study. She says most pre-school teachers would find this method manageable and would need only a small change in the way they teach. They already read story-books in class. The only difference would be increased attention to the printed text. “If you get children to pay attention to letters and words, it makes sense that they will do better at word recognition and spelling.” But she says research suggests that very few parents and teachers do this in a systematic way.

More than 300 children aged four and five were observed in classrooms. They came from poor families and were below average in their language skills. For thirty weeks, the children took part in a program called Project STAR--- Sit Together and Read. The project is based at Ohio State. It tests the short-term and long-term results of reading regularly to pre-school children in their classrooms.

There are different ways that adults can talk to children about print. They can point to a letter and discuss it, and even trace the shape with a finger. They can point out a word and discuss the meaning of the print or how the words tell the story. And they can talk about the organization of the print--- for instance, showing how words are written left to right in English.

1.What do we know about the ways pre-school children are usually taught?

A. More attention is paid to the pictures ,with words and letters being ignored.

B. Preference is given to the shape of letters and the organization of the print.

C. The focus of the teaching is on bringing them up to be good readers.

D. Equal attention is paid to the texts and the pictures.

2.What does Shayne Piasta suggest pre-school teachers should do in class?

A. Teach children how to draw pictures to get an idea of what they mean.

B. Change the way they teach and pay more attention to words and letters.

C. Adopt different methods according to the students’ difference in reading skills.

D. Read storybooks to children rather than explain the meaning of the pictures.

3.Which of the following is TRUE about the study on language skills of pre-school children?

A. Many teachers want to change their way of teaching pre-school children.

B. Attention on the pictures has made the children uninterested in reading.

C. Project STAR aims to research into the results of reading books to pre-school children in the classroom.

D. Teachers are often prevented from taking different approaches to language teaching.

4.Which section of a magazine does the passage probably come from?

A. Fashion.     B. Economy .    C. Entertainment.     D. Education.

阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在正确选项上画勾。

　　How can we get rid of garbage? Do we have enough energy sources to meet our future energy needs?

　　These are two important questions that many people are asking today. Some people think that men might be able to solve both problems at the same time. They suggest using garbage as an energy source.

　　For a long time people buried garbage or dumped it on empty land. Now, empty land is scarce. But more and more garbage is produced each year. But garbage can be a good fuel to use. The things in garbage do not look like coal, petroleum, or natural gas; but they are chemically similar to these fossil fuels. As we use up our fossilfuel supplies, we might be able to use garbage as an energy source.

　　Burning garbage is not a new idea. Some cities in Europe and the United States have been burning garbage for years. The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water. The steam that is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby buildings. In Paris, France, some power plants burn almost 2 million metric tons of the city's garbage each year. The amount of energy produced is about the same as would be produced by burning almost a half million barrels of oil!

　　But there are problems in using garbage as a fuel. Garbage that burns easily, such as food scrapes and paper, must be separated from metals, glass, and other materials that do not burn easily. This separation process is normally costly. Another problem is that burning garbage can pollute the air.

　　Our fossil fuel supplies are limited. Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs. This method could also reduce the amount of garbage piling up on the earth.

1．What two problems can be solved by burning garbage?

[　　]

A．The shortage of energy; air pollution.

B．The shortage of energy; the shortage of empty land for holding garbage.

C．Air pollution; the shortage of empty land for holding garbage.

D．Air pollution; the shortage of fossil fuel.

2．Which of the following is NOT a result of burning garbage?

[　　]

A．The heat produced is used to boil water.

B．The steam produced is used to make electricity.

C．The garbage burned is turned into fossil fuels.

D．The steam produced is used to heat buildings.

3．According to the passage, which of the following four groups of garbage is ready for burning?

[　　]

A．Food scraps and metals

B．Paper and glass.

C．Metals and glass.

D．Food scraps and paper.

第三部分阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。                 
Scientists in Canada say big ocean fish have almost disappeared from the world since the start of industrial fishing in the 1950s. The scientists found the populations of large fish like tuna(金枪鱼), swordfish and cod（鳕鱼） have dropped by ninety percent in the past fifty years.
The study took ten years. The researchers gathered records from fishing businesses and governments around the world. The magazine Nature published the findings.
The scientists say the common method called long line fishing is especially damaging to populations of large fish. This method involves many fishing lines connected to one boat. These wires can be nearly one hundred kilometers long. They hold thousands of sharp metal hooks to catch fish.
Long line fishing is especially common in the Japanese fishing industry. Records showed that Japanese boats used to catch about ten fish for every one hundred hooks. But long line fishing boats now might only catch one fish per hundred hooks.
The scientists say industrial fishing can destroy groups of fish much faster than in the past. The study suggests that whole populations can disappear almost completely from new fishing areas within ten to fifteen years.
Ransom Myers and Boris Worm of Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia led the study with the University of Kiel in Germany. Worm says the destruction could lead to a complete reorganization of ocean life systems. Meyers says the decreased numbers of large fish are not the only worry. He says even populations that are able to reproduce do not get the chance to live long enough to grow as big as their ancestors. He says not only are there fewer big fish, but also they are smaller than those of the past.
American government scientists say even with the best efforts to protect fish populations, decreases are to be expected.
56. Which one can be the best title for the passage?
A. Discoveries Canadian scientists have made      B. Japan fishing industry
C. Losses of big fish                          D. Modern fishing methods
57. When did the researchers begin to survey the decrease of large fish?
A. in the 1960s      B. in the 1970s       C. in the 1980s              D. in the 1990s
58. The underlined word “sharp” in Para 3 means _________.
A. having a fine edge or point that can cut or make a hole in something
B. sudden or rapid change in something
C. quick to react or to understand things
D. loud, sudden and often high in tone
59. Which of the following statements can show the fact that the populations of large fish have dropped?
A. Today’s “large” fish are smaller than those of the past.
B. Long line fishing boats now might catch ten fish for every one hundred hooks.
C. Fish able to reproduce don’t have the chance to live longer.
D. Long line fishing boats now might catch one fish for every one hundred hooks
60. Where is the passage probably taken from?
A. A story book      B. A business magazine         C. An environmental report      D. An economic survey

Foresters are people who work with trees and know a lot about them. Occasionally, foresters have problems, and the foresters in southern Indiana have had many problems.
The foresters were doing an experiment. They wanted to grow walnut (胡桃) trees by planting walnuts in the ground. If they succeeded, the foresters would be able to control the location of the trees. Also, this method would be much cheaper than transplanting or moving nut trees that were grown in plant nurseries (苗圃) . So the foresters planted their walnuts, and that’s when the squirrels (松鼠) started causing trouble. Shortly after the nuts were planted, the squirrels dug them up for tasty snacks (快餐) .
The foresters tried to keep the squirrels away from the walnuts. Mothballs (卫生球) were used as a warning, but they didn’t work. Then, the foresters tried dipping the walnuts in kerosene (煤油) ,  but that didn’t stop the squirrels either. The foresters continue to search for a method that will really work. But until they find one, the squirrels can continue to have their walnut snacks and the foresters will have to transplant trees!
【小题1】Foresters are people who        .

A．Left them alone.	B．Continued to eat them.
C．Hid them in trees	D．Put them into the earth.

A．Mothballs didn’t prove to be a good method of stopping the squirrels from eating the walnuts.

B．The squirrels found the walnuts tasty.

C．The squirrels started eating mothballs instead of walnuts.

D．The forester haven’t found a good way to prevent the squirrels from eating the walnuts.