题目列表(包括答案和解析)
The word “plastic” comes from the Greek word “Platicos” and is used to describe_1_which can be easily shaped.?
The history of plastics is longer than you might_2_.In fact _3_ manmade plastics ever to appear on the market was made over a hundred years ago. It was called “celluloid(赛璐璐)”.It was discovered by both an Englishman and an American in the same year._4_it was the Americans who first produced it on a large scale during the year 1860.Everybody was _5_by this new material which could be moulded (用模子做) into shapes and _6_so cheap to buy.
Poor young men _7_in cities with lots of smoke and dirt were_8_ to buy white celluloid collars(领子).The collars were hard and uncomfortable. But they did not have to be sent to wash. The poor young men _9_ rub them clean every evening with soap and water! Poor mothers,
_10_ had not been able to afford playthings _11_their children, were now able to buy them playthings _12_ of celluloid. But celluloid had one very serious fault. It caught fire very easily. In fact it burned even more quickly than wood or cloth. There were many terrible accidents, particularly _13_ children. For years scientists worked hard to find a better plastic material than celluloid. They had _14_ success. Then in 1932 an American scientist called Baekeland produced a hard plastic material which did not burn. _15_ became known _16_ bakelite(酚醛塑料).Other plastic materials like bakelite were _17_ produced. They _18_ to make electrical fittings and plates and cups. Poor people liked them because they were both cheap and safe, but rich people _19_ them because they were cheap, and because they could only be made _20_dark colours.
1. A. something B. everything C. thing D. anything
2. A. wish B. think C. want D. hope
3. A. first B. at first C. for the first D. the first
4. A. So B. But C. And D. As
5. A. surprised B. excited C. told D. frightened
6. A. be B. were C. was D. is
7. A. waiting B. running C. walking D. working
8. A. going B. sure C. about D. able
9. A. could B. ought to C. must D. should
10. A. which B. who C. whom D. that
11. A. for B. like C. in D. of
12. A. done B. produced C. worked D. made
13. A. between B. on C. among D. about
14. A. much B. great. C. never D. little
15. A. The man B. He C. It D. The scientist
16. A. as B. with C. by D. to
17. A. already B. still C. also D. yet
18. A. used B. hoped C. were used D. had
19. A. took B. loved C. enjoyed D. disliked
20. A. in B. by C. from D. of
COLUMBIA City, Indiana — For Robin Smith, the hard plastics company where she works has become a worker’s paradise since the work week was cut from 40 to 30 hours last May with no pay cut.
“I love it. I like spending more time with my family and less time at work and getting paid for it,” said the mother of three.
Hard Plastics is part of a growing number of US companies that are experimenting with the so-called “30/40” plan to replace the 40-hour working week.
Unlike in Europe, where cutting the working week is seen as a way to reduce unemployment, US companies see the 30/40 program mainly as a tool to increase productivity.
At the Hard Plastics plant, some 150 women employees work 6-hour daily for a 30-hour working week. And if they show up every day on time, they receive a 10-hour bonus for the week.
“But if you’re even one minute late, sorry Charlie, no bonus,” said Ronald Ronald Richey, the company’s president.
“We’re in a very low unemployment market here, 2.5 percent for the town—Whitley,” said Ronald Richey. “The idea was to draw more quality applicants.”
With 30/40, the company, which employs 325 people at two plants in Indiana and has yearly sales of US $30 million, has greatly broadened its applicant pool. Some 40 people apply every week, among them many with long years of work experience or even college degrees.
The idea was first put forward by industrial psychologist Ron Healey. He said more and more companies were expressing interest in his program and were even testing it.
61. According to the text, what is the “30/40”program?
A. An employee works 30 hours a week with 40 hours’ pay.
B. An employee works for 10 hours extra every week and gets paid.
C. A woman employee with a family has the right to work 30 hours a week.
D. A woman employee gets paid even if she stays at home during work hours.
62. A “30/40 plan” is being tested in Hard Plastics with an aim to _________.
A. let working women enjoy their family life B. improve employees’ working conditions
C. reduce unemployment in Whitley D. raise the company’s productivity
63. We can learn from the text that with 30/40, the company is able to _______.
A. employ more women workers B. employ more college graduates
C. choose their employees from among more applicants
D. help the town in its effort to reduce unemployment
64. What would be the best title for the text?
A. Hard Plastics: a worker’s paradise B. Ron Healey: his contribution to industrial psychology
C. 30/40 program: a better way to reduce unemployment D. US: shorter week produces more
Plastic is one of the most important technological discoveries of the 20th century. However, it may soon be replaced. The new development- liquid wood- can replace plastics in all branches of modern-day industries.
Plastic as a material enjoys the biggest demand in the modern world, but it does have a number of drawbacks. First and foremost, plastic isn’t recyclable. Secondly, it contains toxins (毒物) helping develop cancerous diseases. Finally, it’s made of oil and oil reserves aren’t endless.
The liquid wood technology is likely to replace plastic and providing mankind with new materials for many years ahead. Norbert Eisenfreich, a senior researcher at the Faunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology in Germany (ICT), said that arboform, the new material, is made of lignin(木素质）, which can be obtained from soft tissues of wood. Once mixed with several other matenals, it turns into solid and non-toxic alternative for plastics.
ICT team leader Emilia Regina Inone-Kauffmann said the wood-working industry separates wood into three basic components, including lignin. Lignin isn’t used for the production of paper. Specialists of ICT mixed lignin with several natural materials and thus invented the material which could be melted and molded (铸型）.
When solid, arboform looks like plastic and possesses tho qualitie of polished wood. It can be used for the production of any items. Arboform is already used for the production of car parts which require extra strength. In addition, liquid wood can be recycled repeatedly. The material preserved all of its qualities even if it’s reprocessed ten times.
However, the new invention doesn’t enjoy an extensive use due to the high content of sulfur(硫) in it. German researchers are sure to reduce the amount of sulfur by 90% very soon to make arboform usable for home needs.
【小题1】According to the passage, plastic_______.
| A．helps us to reduce the use of petrol |
| B．helps to protect our environment in some way |
| C．does harm to our society in some way |
| D．has been replaced by the newly discovered material |
| A．It is easier made from natural oil. |
| B．It is more widely used in household |
| C．It is recyclable and friendly to environment. |
| D．It contains no poisonous materials. |
| A．lignin or arboform | B．soft tissues of wood |
| C．plastics or wood | D．mixture of several materials |
| A．the material’s extensive use | B．the content of sulfur in arboform |
| C．the production cost of arboform | D．the qualities of liquid wood |
| A．introduce liquid wood which will replace plastic |
| B．show readers how to produce arboform |
| C．advertise the new material-arboform |
| D．advertise new products made of arboform |
Strange things were happening in the 51 in northeast Hebei Province. For three days the 52 in the village wells rose and fell. Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep 53 in them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. Fish jumped out of ponds. People saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes could be heard outside Tangshan even when no 54 were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, went to bed 55 that night.
At 3:42 am everything began to 56 . It seemed that the world was at an end! Eleven kilometers directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20th century 57 . It was heard in Beijing, which is one hundred kilometers away. One-third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters 58 cut across houses, roads and canals. Steam burst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen 59 seconds a large city lay in ruins. Two-thirds of the people died or were injured during the 60 . Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. The 61 of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
But how could the 62 believe it was natural? Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. All of the city’s hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. No wind, however, could blow them away. Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for 63 . The railway tracks were now useless pieces of 64 . Tens of thousands of cows would never give 65 again. Half a million pigs and millions of chickens had died. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were 66 . Then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. More buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were 67 to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
All hope was not lost. The army sent 150,000 68 to Tangshan to help the rescue workers. Hundreds of thousands of people were 69 . The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. To the north of the city, most of the 10.000 miners were rescued from the coalmines. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to 70 again.
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二：完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意。然后从21－35各题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
How to get rid of waste is a great problem for the world today. Waste must be treated 21 it does not become a danger to life. 22 , in some countries, waste from factories is still poured straight into rivers. People who use the water from one of these rivers often get 23 . The water may become so polluted that it 24 all the fish in the river. When these rivers finally reaches the 25 , it pollutes the ocean.
In many countries with 26 , human waste is piped directly into the sea without being dealt with. This is not 27 . Although the sea itself can break up the waste, beaches 28 become polluted. 29 scientists suggest people take the waste far out to sea in ships where the wind and waves break it down.
In 1989 an international law was passed to 30 people putting waste into the sea. It is now against the 31 to put anything into the sea nearby. Such rubbish as plastics may not be thrown 32 the sea anywhere. Other waste may be put into the sea, either 19 or more than 40 kilometers from land, 33 the nature of the materials.
The 34 of dealing with waste has become so great that several international organizations have been 35 to protect the world and control pollution.
21. A. as if B. so that C. ever since D. now that
22. A. Luckily B. Happily C. Unfortunately D. Hopefully
23 A. sick B. hope C. rich D. fun
24. A. raises B. feeds C. kills D. breaks
25. A. pool B. lake C. spring D. sea
26. A. grassland B. plains C. sea coasts D. deserts
27. A. safe B. useful C. dirty D. wrong
28. A. need B. may C. can’t D. needn’t
29. A. So B. Because C. Since D. But
30. A. stop B. suggest C. keep D. find
31. A. school B. organization C. factory D. law
32. A. out of B. away from C. into D. above
33. A. depending on B. feeding on C. leading to D. connecting to
34. A. news B. method C. problem D. disadvantage
35. A. punished B. set up C. refused D. called at
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