The crisis at the damaged Fukushima Dai-Ichi Nuclear Power Station in northern Japan has raised worries about radiation risks. We spoke Tuesday with Jonathan Links, an expert in radiation health sciences. He is a professor at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Maryland.

Professor Links says workers within the nuclear plant are the only people at risk of extremely high doses of radiation.

JONATHAN LINKS: "Of course, we don't know what doses they've received, but the only persons at risk of acute radiation effects are the workers."

For other people, he says, there may be a long-term worry. People can get cancer from low doses of ionizing radiation, the kind released in a nuclear accident.

Professor Links says scientists can use computers to quickly model where radioactive material has blown and settled. Then they measure how large an area is contaminated. He says if the situation is serious enough, officials could take steps like telling people not to eat locally grown food or drink the water.

JONATHAN LINKS: "But that would only be the case if there was a significant release and, because of wind direction, the radioactive material was blown over the area, and then settled out of the air into and onto water, plants, fruits and vegetables."

The reactors at Fukushima are on the Pacific coast. But Professor Links says people should not worry about any radioactive material leaking into the ocean.

JONATHAN LINKS: "Even in a worst-case scenario accident, the sea provides a very high degree of dilution. So the concentration of radioactivity in the seawater would still be quite low."

Japan is the only country to have had atomic bombs dropped on it. That memory from World War Two would create a stronger "psychological sensitivity" to radiation exposure, Professors Links says.

Next month is the twenty-fifth anniversary of the explosion and fire that destroyed a reactor at Chernobyl in Ukraine. The nineteen eighty-six event was the world's worst accident in the nuclear power industry.

A new United Nations report says more than six thousand cases of thyroid cancer have been found. These are in people who were children in affected areas of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. The report says that by two thousand five the cancers had resulted in fifteen deaths.

The cancers were largely caused by drinking contaminated milk. The milk came from cows that ate grass where radioactive material had fallen.

To get the latest updates, go to www.unsv.com.

Contributing: James Brooke

1.The passage mainly tells us __________.

A．What measures the Japan Government takes to solve the nuclear crisis .

B．Worries and influences caused by the nuclear crisis .

C．With great efforts of scientists , the Japan Government has put the nuclear crisis under control .

D．To explain that the nuclear crisis has less effect on its neighboring countries.

2.Which of the following is NOT the influences caused by the leak of Fukushima Dai-Ichi Nuclear Power Station?

A．Workers at the nuclear station are suffering the risk of death .

B．People can get cancer from low doses of ionizing radiation, the kind released in a nuclear accident.

C．The radioactive material may be blown over the area causing the pollution to water .

D．The concentration of radioactivity in the seawater can not be diluted.

3.What’s the meaning of the underlined word “dilution”?

A．chemical

B．salt

C．dissolution

D．elimination

4.According to the passage which of the following is not TRUE ?

A．Water people drink ,food and vegetables people eat may be polluted by nuclear radiation .

B．Japan is the only country to have had atomic bombs dropped on it.

C．You can go to www.unsv.com. to get the latest news .

D．The nuclear accident in Japan is the worst in the nuclear power industry.

 

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第二节：完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Parents who smoke often open a window or turn on a fan to clear the air for their children, but experts now have identified a related threat to children's health that isn't as easy to get rid of: third-hand smoke。

　　That's the term being 21    to describe the invisible yet poisonous mixture of gases and particles(颗粒) clinging （依附）to smokers' hair and 22    , not to mention cushions and carpeting, that stays long after second-hand smoke has cleared from a room. The remaining  23   heavy metals, carcinogens(致癌物) and even radioactive materials that young children can get on their hands and take  in, 24  if they're crawling or playing on the floor。

　　Doctors from MassGeneral Hospital for Children in Boston coined the term "third-hand smoke" to 25 these chemicals in a new study that 26    on the risks they pose to infants and children. The study was published in the  27    issue of the journal Pediatrics。

　　"Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is bad, 28   they don't know about this," said Dr. Jonathan P. Winickoff, the lead author of the study and an assistant professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School。

　　"When their kids are 29  the house, they might smoke. Or they smoke in the car. Or they strap(用带子捆扎) the kid in the car seat in the back and crack the window and 30   , and they think it's okay because the second-hand smoke isn't getting to their 31   . We needed a term to describe these tobacco toxins that aren't 32   ."

　　The study reported on 33   toward smoking in 1,500 households across the United States. It found that the vast majority of both smokers and nonsmokers were 34   that second-hand smoke is harmful to children. Some 95 percent of nonsmokers and 84 percent of smokers 35  with the statement that "inhaling smoke from a parent's cigarette can 36    the health of infants and children"。

　　But 37   fewer of those surveyed were aware of the  38   of third-hand smoke. Since the term is so new, the researchers asked people if they agreed with the statement that "breathing air in a room 39  where people smoked yesterday can harm the health of infants and children"。

　　Only 65 percent of nonsmokers and 43 percent of smokers agreed with that 40   , which researchers interpreted as acknowledgement of the risks of third-hand smoke.

21.A  told      B discussed     C  used       D  mentioned

22. A shoes      B clothing     C  body        D  mouth

23. A includes    B covers      C finds          D  improves

24. A especially   B specially    C immediately  D  regularly

25. A name       B call        C explain        D  describe

26. A focused     B  tended    C tried           D  worked

27. A later       B latest        C best           D  previous

28. A but        B and         C however        D   or 

29. A alongside   B out of       C in              D  beside

30. A cough     B  talk        C observe         D smoke 

31. A cars       B seats         C kids           D  windows

32. A visible    B  invisible     C poisonous       D concrete

33. A  policies  B  attitudes      C bans            D habits

34. A  told     B content       C  confident       D  aware

35. A opposed   B agreed        C fought          D  connected

36. A harm      B destroy       C improve         D confuse

37. A quite      B very        C far              D  too

38. A chances   B risks          C abilities          D conditions

39. A tomorrow   B today        C yesterday         D  weekend

40. A statement   B mark         C discussion        D prejudice

 

Scientists have found what look like caves on Mars, and say they could be protecting life from the planet’s terrible environment.
The first caves appear as seven mysterious black dots （点） on the pictures which were sent back by NASA’s Mars Odyssey orbiter. Each as large as a football field, they may be openings into natural caves below the Martian surface.
“If there is life on Mars, there is a good chance that you’d find it in caves,” said Jut Wynne, one of the researchers who noticed the features (特征) while working on a US Geological Survey Mars Cave Detection Program.
Jonathan Clarke, a geologist with the Mars Society of Australia, yesterday described the discovery as exciting.
One photo taken at night by an infrared imager(红外线成像器) showed one hole to be unusually warm, suggesting hot air may be flowing out.
“I said: ‘Wow, that’s a cave’” Dr. Clarke said excitedly. “People have been looking for these for a long time; now we have found them.”
He agreed such caves could be perfect places to search for life escaping from the bitterly cold, radiation-soaked(充满辐射的), dry surface.
“Tiny drops of water could collect inside,” he said. “If there are gases coming out, they could provide energy for a whole range of bacteria (细菌). A cave is also a protection from radiation; the surface of Mars is exposed to high levels of space radiation.”
The caves probably formed when tube-shaped lava flows(管状岩浆流) spread across the planet long ago. The outside of the tubes cooled, forming solid walls, while something hotter inside allowed the remaining to flow out, forming caves.
【小题1】 What does the passage mainly talk about?

A．How the caves were formed on Mars.

B．How NASA sent the pictures back to earth

C．Caves on Mars may be full of hot air or a sign（迹象）of life.

D．Scientists have completely recognized the surface of Mars.

【小题2】 We can learn from the passage that __________.

A．water has already been found on Mars

B．the scientists found all the caves at night

C．it is certain that there is life in these caves

D．the surface of Mars is bitterly cold, radiation-soaked and dry

【小题3】 According to the passage, Dr. Clarke was so excited because ________.

A．such caves could provide energy for life

B．they had finally found the caves on Mars

C．such caves would be perfect places to search for life

D．There would be life on Mars.

【小题4】 Necessary conditions for life on Mars mentioned in the passage may include_________.

A．lava and energy	B．water and radiation from space
C．gases and lava	D．water and protection from radiation

【小题5】 what does the underlined word “ the planet” in paragraph 1 refer to?

A．the Mars

B．the earth

C．the caves

D．radiation

You’re in a department store and you see a couple of attractive young women looking at a sweater. You listen to their conversation:

“I can’t believe it —a Lorenzo Bertolla! They are almost impossible to find. Isn’t it beautiful? And it’s a lot cheaper than the one Sara bought in Rome.”

They leave and you go over to see this incredible sweater．It's nice and the price is right．You've never heard of Lorenzo Bertolla, but those girls looked really stylish．They must know．So, you buy it．You never realize that those young women are employees of an advertising agency．They are actually paid to go from store to store, talking loudly about Lorenzo BertoHa clothes.

   Every day we notice what people are wearing, driving and eating．If the person looks cool, the product seems cool, too．This is the secret of undercover（暗中影响的） marketing．Companies from Ford to Nike are starting to use it.

   Undercover marketing is important because it reaches people that don't pay attention to traditional advertising．This is particularly true of the MTV generation----consumers between the age of 18 and 34．It is a golden group．They have a lot of money to spend, but they don't trust ads.

   So advertising agencies hire young actors to "perform" in bars and other places where young adults go．Some people might call this practice deceptive, but marketing executive Jonathan Ressler calls it creative．"Look at traditional advertising．Its effectiveness is decreasing."

   However, one might ask what exactly is "real" about of young women pretending to be enthusiastic about a sweater? Adverting executives would say it's no less real than an ad．The difference is that you know an ad is trying to persuade you to buy something．You don' t know when a conversation you overhear is just a performance.

1.The two attractive young women were talking so that they could ________.

    A．get the sweater at a lower price      B．be heard by people around

    C．be admired by other shoppers                D．decide on buying the sweater

2.Lorenzo Bertolla is __________．

    A．a very popular male singer             B．an advertising agency

    C．a clothing company in Rome            D．the brand name of a sweater

3.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? 

    A．The two girls are in fact employed by the Lorenzo Bertolla Company.

    B．The MTV generation tend to be more easily influenced by ads.

    C．Traditional advertising is becoming less effective because it's too direct.

    D．Undercover marketing will surely be banned soon by the government.

4.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

    A．Two Attractive Shoppers          B．Lorenzo Bertolla Sweaters

    C．Ways of Advertising               D．Undercover Marketing

 

In December,2010,many American newspapers publish a list of the best books of the year. Freedom by Jonathan Franzen is one of the most repeatedly praised books on this year’s list of favorites. It tells about the ups and downs of the Berglund family over many years. Mr.Franzen fills the book with sharp observations about American politics, culture and society.

Jennifer Egan’s book A Visit from the Goon Squad takes place in 13 chapters over 40 years. The story moves back and forth in time,from different viewpoints. One main character is former rock musician Bennie Salazar who works for a record company. The other main character is a troubled young woman named Sasha who works for Bennie. The reader learns about their pasts and those of their friends.

The main character in The Imperfectionists by Tom Rachman is a failing English Language newspaper published in Rome,Italy. Each chapter of the book tells about a reporter or editor working for this paper. Their stories are filled with intelligence and great personality.

    Two of the most popular non­fiction books of 2010 were about rock and roll stars. Just Kids is by rock singer Patti Smith. It tells about her friendship with the artist Robert Mapplethorpe in the 1960s and 1970s before they became famous. Life is the autobiography of Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards. It is an honest and exciting look at the development of rock and roll and the wild times this famous band has experienced.

Unbroken by Laura Hillenbrand tells about a man named Louis Zamperini. She tells about his extraordinary survival story after his plane crashed into the Pacific Ocean during Would War Two.

Stacy Schiff has received great praise for her book Cleopatra: A Life. It tells about one of the most misrepresented and famous women in his story, Cleopatra. She ruled ancient Egypt about 2,000 years ago. One critic said Ms. Schiff has brought Cleopatra to life again by unearthing her story from centuries of lies.

1.The following books are related to music EXCEPT________.

A. The Imperfectionists          B. A Visit from the Goon Squad   

C. Just Kids                   D. Life

2.If your major is the history of ancient Africa, you may pay attention to ________.

A. Freedom by Jonathan Franzen                        

B. Unbroken by Laura Hillenbrand

C. The Imperfections by Tom Rachman

D. Cleopatra: A Life by Stacy Schiff   

3.Which book will give you a practical understanding of the USA?

A．Life                                       B．Cleopatra: A Life

C．Freedom                                 D．A Visit from the Goon Squad

4.The last sentence of the passage implies that ________.

A．Stacy Schiff is an archaeologist

B．the critic finds the character in the book very real

C．the critic speaks highly of Cleopatra in history

D．Stacy Schiff tells a story about an imaginary Egyptian queen