Are you a man or a mouse? When people ask this question they want to know if you think you are a brave person or a coward(胆小鬼). But you will never really know the answer to that question until you are tested in real life. Some people think they are brave, but when they come face to face with real danger, they act like cowards. Other people think of themselves as cowardly, but when they meet danger, they act like heroes.?

Lenny Sputnik had always thought of himself as a nervous person. He got worried before examinations. He worried about his job and his health. All he wanted in life was to be safe and healthy. Then, on 15th January 1982, a plane crashed into the Potomac River in Washington. Lenny went to the river to see what was happening. Then he saw a woman in the ice-cold water. Suddenly Lenny did not feel afraid. He kept very calm and did a very courageous thing. He jumped into the Potomac, swam to the woman, and kept her head above the water. Seventy-eight people died that day. Thanks to Lenny Sputnik, it was not seventy-nine.?

When you are in a very dangerous situation and feel afraid, the body automatically produces a chemical in the blood. This chemical is called adrenalin. With adrenalin in the blood system, you actually feel stronger and are ready to fight or run away. However, when you are completely terrified, the body can produce too much adrenalin. When this happens, the muscles become very hard and you find that you cannot move at all. You are then disabled with fear. That is why, when we are very frightened, we sometimes say that we are ‘petrified’. This word comes from the Greek word ‘peters’ which means ‘stone’. We are so frightened we have become like stone.?

1. According to the writer's opinion, a brave person can be judged by ______

A．his words

B．his thought?

C．his action

D．his looks?

2.From what Lenny did, we can conclude that __________?

A．Lenny had a good chance	B．Lenny was brave?
C．Lenny liked swimming	D．Lenny wanted to be a hero?

3. In great danger, a hero always keeps __________.?

A．nervous

B．worried?

C．calm

D．disappointed?

4. Adrenalin in our body is ________.?

A．harmful

B．useless?

C．changeable

D．dangerous?

5.If a person's body produces too much adrenaline, he will ________.?

A．become stronger	B．lose his feeling and power?
C．become a stone	D．become a hero

 

Imagine your body is like the house you live in．Every day, your family creates rubbish．The rubbish builds up until it is put out for the weekly garbage collection．
Now, say you put three bags of garbage out, but because one of the collectors was away sick, only two bags are collected．You take the leftover bag inside to be put out again next week．The following week you put on another three bags, plus the leftover bag from last week．But again, only two bags are collected．Imagine this cycle is repeated over the following weeks．
This is a simple description of what happens to your body when your kidneys （肾脏）don't work efficiently．Your body is not thoroughly emptied of waste products．Other areas of the body such as blood pressure and red blood cell production are affected and the insidious process that may lead to kidney failure begins．
It's not uncommon for people to lose up to 90% of their kidney function before developing any symptoms．There may be no warning signs. This makes early detection （诊查）difficult．
Kidney's main job is to remove toxins（毒素） and unwanted water from our blood．Every day our kidneys clean an average of 200 litres of blood．Kidney failure may be a gradual and silent process, going unnoticed because there is no obvious pain．
Research shows that more than 35% of the patients requiring dialysis（透析）do not see a kidney specialist before they have to do so．Some risk factors for kidney disease such as age and genetic make-up are out of our control; however, some changes in lifestyle may help prevent kidney damage．Two major risk factors for kidney disease, diabetes （糖尿病）and high blood pressure, have been on the rise over the last few decades．Both conditions are chiefly affected by being overweight and not getting enough exercises, which are the potential (潜在的) risk factors for the kidney disease．
【小题1】The author gives the example of the house we live in to indicate that ______．

A．it doesn't matter much if the waste in our body is not emptied in time

B．our body will not produce any waste if our kidneys work efficiently

C．it's important for our body to empty the waste in time every day

D．it's safe and harmless for our body to keep some waste

【小题2】The underlined word “insidious” in Paragraph 3 means         .

A．smooth and safe	B．apparent and fast
C．gradual and unnoticed	D．long and painful

【小题3】We can infer that when we find some symptoms related to our kidneys,         .

A．the kidney failure begins

B．the kidneys can still work properly

C．we have lost about 10% of kidney function

D．the kidneys may have been seriously damaged

【小题4】How many risk factors of kidney disease are mentioned in the passage?

A．Six.

B．Five.

C．Four.

D．Two.

【小题5】Which of the following helps prevent kidney damage most effectively?

A．Go to see a kidney specialist shortly before dialysis starts.

B．Take enough exercise and make early detection of kidney disease.

C．Try to keep low blood pressure and a stable lifestyle.

D．Go to hospital whenever you find any warning signs.

阅读理解

　　Are you a man or a mouse? When people ask this question they want to know if you think you are a brave person or a coward. But you will never really know the answer to that question until you are tested in real life. Some people think they are brave, but when they come face to face with real danger, they act like cowards. Other people think of themselves as cowardly, but when they meet danger, they act like heroes.

　　Lenny Skutnik had always thought of himself as a nervous person. He got worried before examinations. He worried about his job and his health. All he wanted in life was to be safe and healthy. Then, on 15th January 1982, a plane crashed into the Potomac River in Washington. Lenny went to the river to see what was happening. Then he saw a woman in the ice-cold water. Suddenly Lenny did not feel afraid. He kept very calm and did a very courageous thing. He jumped into the Potomac, swam to the woman, and kept her head above the water. Seventyeight people died that day. Thanks to Lenny Skutnik, it was not seventy-nine.

　　When you are in a very dangerous situation and feel afraid, the body automatically produces a chemical in the blood. This chemical is called adrenalin(副肾素). With adrenalin in the blood system, you actually feel stronger and are ready to fight or run away. However, when you are absolutely terrified, the body can produce too much adrenalin. When this happens, the muscles become very hard and you find that you cannot move at all. You are then paralysed with fear. That is why, when we are very frightened, we sometimes say that we are ‘petrified’. This word comes from the Greek word‘petros’which means‘stone’. We are so frightened we have become like stone.

1．According to the writer’s opinion, a brave person can be judged by ________.

[　　]

2．From what Lenny did , we can conclude that ________.

[　　]

A．Lenny had a good chance

B．Lenny liked swimming

C．Lenny was brave

D．Lenny wanted to be a hero

3．In great danger, a hero always keeps ________.

[　　]

4．Adrenalin in our body is ________.

[　　]

5．If a person’s body produces too much adrenalin, he will ________.

[　　]

I'm fat, I'm too skinny．I'd be happy if I were taller, shorter, had curly hair, straight hair, a smaller nose, bigger muscles, longer legs．
Do any of these statements sound familiar? Are you used to putting yourself down? If so, you' re not alone．As a teen, you're going through many changes in your body．And as your body changes, so does your image of yourself．Lots of people have trouble adjusting, and this can affect their self-esteem （自尊） ．
If you have a positive body image, you probably like and accept yourself the way you are．This healthy attitude allows you to explore other aspects of growing up, such as developing good friendships, growing more independent from your parents, and challenging yourself physically and mentally．Developing these parts of yourself can help boost （提升） yourself-esteem．
A positive attitude and a healthy lifestyle （such as exercising and eating right） are a great combination for building good self-esteem．
Some people think they need to change how they look or act to feel good about themselves． But actually all you need to do is change the way you see your body and how you think about yourself．
The first thing to do is recognize that your body is your own, no matter what shape, size or color it comes in．If you are very worried about your weight or size, check with your doctor to verify （核实） that things are OK．But it is no one's business but your own what your body is like—ultimately, you have to be happy with yourself．
Next, identify which aspects of your appearance you can realistically change and which you can't．Everyone has things about themselves that they can't change and need to accept—like their height, for example, or their shoe size．
When you hear negative comments coming from within yourself, tell yourself to stop．Try building your self-esteem by giving yourself three good things every day．By focusing on the good things you do and the positive aspects of your life, you can change how you feel about yourself．
The most important thing is to get help if you feel like your body image and self-esteem are affecting your life．
【小题1】If we have a positive body image, we will_____．

A．concentrate on our body image only

B．not develop strong self-esteem

C．like and accept ourselves as we are

D．be less independent of our parents

【小题2】______ can NOT help to boost your self-esteem．

A．Growing independent from your parents

B．Accepting your own body as it actually is

C．Having a positive attitude and a healthy lifestyle

D．Improving your body image as much as you can

【小题3】To improve our body image, we have to _____．

A．think about ourselves

B．be happy with ourselves

C．change the shape, size or color of one's body

D．check with our doctor to verify that our body is OK

【小题4】Which is probably the best title of the passage?

A．Importance of Body Image	B．Effects on a Person's Self-esteem
C．Tips for Improving Body Image	D．Self-esteem and Body Image

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

Smiling is a great way to make yourself stand out while helping your body to function better. Smile to improve your health, your stress level, and your attractiveness;

      1        

We are drawn to people who smile．There is an attraction factor．We want to know a smiling person and figure out what is so good because anxieties can push people away, but a smile draws them in．

Smiling changes our mood．

Next time you are feeling down, try putting on a smile．      2    Smiling can trick the body into helping you change your mood．

Smiling is appealing．

When someone is smiling they lighten up the room, change the moods of others, and make things happier．A smiling person brings happiness with them．Smile a lot and you will draw people to you．

Smiling relieves stress．

Stress can really show up in our faces．Smiling helps to prevent us from looking tired, worn down, and overwhelmed．     3      The stress should be reduced and you'll be better able to take action．

Smiling lowers your blood pressure．

When you smile, there is a measurable reduction in your blood pressure．Give it a try if you have a blood pressure monitor at home．Sit for a few minutes and take a reading．Then smile for a minute and take another reading while still smiling．____4____

Smiling lifts the face and makes you look younger．

The muscles we use to smile lift the face, making a person appear younger．Don't go for a face lift, just try smiling your way through the day—you'll look younger and feel better．

  5 

Try this test: Smile．Now try to think of something negative without losing the smile．It's hard．When we smile, our body is sending the rest of us a message that "Life is Good! "

A．Smiling helps you stay positive． B．Smiling makes us attractive． C．Do you notice the difference? D．Smiling can bring you luck and sorrow． E．When you are stressed, take time to put on a smile． F．There's a good chance that your mood will change for the better．