SHANGHAI - Health experts in Shanghai are calling for more protection for young children as the latest research shows about half of the youngsters are suffering from secondhand smoke.

About 45 percent of children suffer passive smoking in families, 50 percent in public places, and almost 6 percent on public transportation, shows a research released by the Shanghai Children's Medical Center on Tuesday.

"Not only adults but also children and newborn babies are at risk for the adverse effects of passive smoking," said Tang Jingyan, a doctor at the Shanghai Children's Medical Center.

"Actually, those young children whose bodies are still growing and developing are more sensitive to the effects of secondhand smoke."

Research has shown that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke will suffer from more colds, coughs and sore throats, and they are more likely to suffer from bronchitis, pneumonia and will have a higher risk of developing cancer.

Doctors even suggested that children suffering passive smoking are more likely to have behavioral problems and may not develop mentally as quickly as their peers.

Other research by the Shanghai Children's Medical Center has found that more than 80 percent of child patients in the center live in a smoke-filled household, where one or both parents smoke.

"Though doctors have stressed the harm of passive smoking over and over, it is still hard to reach a totally 'smoke free' home," said a pediatrician named Zhang Yiwen, noting that parents are often tempted to smoke even though they have learned the harmful effects of secondhand smoke.

China has 540 million people suffering from passive smoke, 180 million of them younger than 15. The age of smokers is also getting lower, earlier reports said.

"There are more young smokers than before. You can see young people wearing a school uniform and carrying a schoolbag light a cigarette on the street. Some of them are even female students," said Jing Xingming, a professor of children's developmental behavior at the center.

"Children like to imitate adults, especially their parents. If parents often smoke at home, it is very likely children will develop a smoking habit, which can cause a vicious circle," Jin said.

Reports from the Ministry of Health said China has about 350 million smokers, of whom 15 million are underage smokers. Also, around 40 million of the country's 130 million children aged between 13 and 18 had tried smoking, and 15 million had become addicted to tobacco.

What is the main idea of the passage?

A. About half of the youngsters are suffering from secondhand smoke.

B. Experts are calling for more protection for youngsters from smoking.

C. More and more youngsters are picking up the habit of smoking.

D. Smoking does great harm to the health of the youngsters.

What kind of the youngsters most possibly develop a habit of smoking?

A. Children of non-smoking mothers.                     B. Children of non-smoking fathers.

C. Children of heavy smokers.                                  D. Children from some smoking centers.

Which of the following disease may not be connected with secondhand smoking?

  A. Cancer.              B. Behavioral problems.        C. Sore throats.      D. Coughs.  

The underlined word “vicious” in the last paragraph but one most probably means ___________.

A. complete                  B. simple                        C. great               D. bad

What can be inferred from the passage?

A. About 80% of the children in the Shanghai Children's Medical Center smoke heavily.

B. About 45 percent of children suffer passive smoking in the Shanghai Children's Medical Center.

C. About 540 million people are heavy smokers in China.

D. Children aged between 13 to 18 are more likely addicted to smoking.

　The way people hold to the belief that a fun - filled, pain free life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.

　　As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment （预担的义务）, self - improvement.

　　Ask a bachelor（单身汉） why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.

　　Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a three - day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.

　　Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.

According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because ________ .

　　A. he is reluctant to take on family responsiblilities

　　B. he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains single

　　C. he finds more fun in dating than in marriage

　　D. he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement

　Raising children, in the author’s opinion is ________ .

　　A. a moral duty

　　B. a thankless job

　　C. a rewarding task

　　D. a source of inevitable pain

From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from ________ .

　　A. hatred　　　　　　　　　　　　B. misunderstanding

　　C. prejudice　　　　　　　　　　　D. ignorance

To understand what true happiness is one must ________ .

　　A. have as much fun as possible during one’s lifetime

　　B. make every effort to liberate oneself from pain

　　C. put up with pain under all circumstances

　　D. be able to distinguish happiness from fun

完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，共30分）

 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

James’s New Bicycle

 James shook his money box again. Nothing! He carefully __36__ the coins that lay on the bed. $24.52 was all that he had. The bicycle he wanted was at least $90! __37__ on earth was he going to get the __38__ of the money?

 He knew that his friends all had bicycles. It was __39__ to hang around with people when you were the only one without wheels. He thought about what he could do. There was no __40__ asking his parents, for he knew they had no money to __41__.

 There was only one way to get money, and that was to __42__ it. He would have to find a job. __43__ who would hire him and what could he do? He decided to ask Mr. Clay for advice, who usually had __44__ on most things.

 “Well, you can start right here,” said Mr. Clay. “My windows need cleaning and my car needs washing.”

 That was the __45__ of James’s odd-job（零工） business. For three months he worked every day after finishing his homework. He was amazed by the __46__ of jobs that people found for him to do. He took dogs and babies for walks, cleared out cupboards, and mended books. He lost count of the __47__ of cars he washed and windows he cleaned, but the __48__ increased and he knew that he would soon have __49__ for the bicycle he longed for.

 The day __50__ came when James counted his money and found $94.32. He __51__ no time and went down to the shop to pick up the bicycle he wanted. He rode __52__ home, looking forward to showing his new bicycle to his friends. It had been hard __53__ for the money, but James knew that he valued his bicycle far more __54__ he had bought it with his own money. He had __55__what he thought was impossible, and that was worth even more than the bicycle.

36.A. cleaned       B. covered      C. counted         D. checked

37. A. How          B. Why         C. Who              D. What

38. A. amount       B. part        C. sum               D. rest

39. A. brave        B. hard         C. smart           D. unfair

40. A. point        B. reason        C. result         D. right

41. A. split        B. spend         C. spare          D. save

42. A. borrow       B. earn         C. raise          D. collect

43. A. Or          B. So            C. For           D. But

44. A. decisions   B. experience    C. opinions       D. knowledge

45. A. beginning   B. introduction   C. requirement   D. opening

46. A. similarity  B. quality        C. suitability   D. variety

47. A. brand       B. number         C. size        D. type

48. A. effort     B. pressure        C. money      D. trouble

49. A. all        B. enough         C. much       D. some

50. A. finally    B. instantly     C. normally    D. regularly

51. A. gave       B. left          C. took        D. wasted

52. A. patiently  B. proudly      C. silently    D. tiredly

53. A. applying   B. asking      C. looking      D. working

54. A. since       B. if           C. than         D. though

55. A. deserved    B. benefited     C. achieved    D. learned

Spanish men will have to learn to change diapers and do dishwashing under the terms of a new law designed to strike a blow.

The law, due to be passed this month, is likely to cause a revolution in family affairs in a country where 40% of men reportedly don’t do housework at all. It will oblige men to “share domestic responsibilities and the care and attention” of children and elderly family members, according to the draft approved by the Spanish parliament’s justice commission.

“This will be a good way of reminding people what their duties are. It is something feminists (女权主义者) have been wanting for a long time,” said Margarita Uria, of the Basque Nationalist Party, who was behind what is an amendment to a new divorce law.

Failure to meet the obligations will be taken into consideration by judges when determining the terms of divorces. Men who refuse to do their part may be given less frequent contact with their children.

Spanish women spend five times longer on housework than husbands. Even when both have jobs outside the home, Spanish women still do three times as much work in the house.

“It is not just about housework, though,” said Ms. Uria.

A study five years ago by Spain’s Center for Sociological Investigation concluded that fathers spent an average of 13 minutes each day looking after their children.

Only 19 % of Spanish men thought it was right for mothers of school-age children to have a full-time job. More than a third thought mothers should not work outside the home at all.

The Change to the Spanish legal code will see domestic obligations added to a list of marital(婚姻的) duties that currently includes fidelity, living together and helping one another.

That should guarantee that, when the law—which will also make divorce proceedings faster and easier—is voted on in parliament in the next few weeks, the obligation to share domestic chores will be added to the statute books.

What is the percentage of Spanish men who don’t do any housework?

A. 19%    B. 40%    C. 60%    D. 80%

About the new law, which of the following is NOT true?

   A. Men are obliged to do housework.

   B. Men will have to take care of children.

   C. Women have to have full-time jobs.

   D. Men will have to take care of the elderly.

According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following is TRUE?

   A. If a man fails to fulfill the obligation, he will get a divorce.

   B. If a man fails to fulfill the obligation, he will be thrown to the jail.

   C. If a man fails to fulfill the obligation, he will be in an unfavorable condition in a divorce.

   D. If a man fails to fulfill the obligation, he will not be allowed to see the child any more.

What is the general topic of the passage?

A. Spain will pass a new law to oblige men to share domestic responsibilities.

B. Men have to share more domestic responsibilities.

C. There will be a revolution by provoked (被激怒的) feminists.

D. Marital laws in Spain are not enough yet.

Unsatisfied ______with the payment ,he took the job just to get some work experience.

A. though was he        B. though he was

C. he was though        D. was he though