The Western has been the favorite type for American adventure story since the nineteenth centu??ry. While the American West was being settled, newspapers and "dime novels" could depend on stories of the frontier settlements and tell tales about living in the untamed wilderness to sell. The public back East was eager to read about the West, even if the stories were more fiction than fact.

In 1902, Owen Wister published his novel The Virginian, which was one of the first novels to treat the Western as a serious literary form; the novel still sold well and had inspired several movies and a television series. In 1905, Bertha H. Bower and Zane Grey published their first novels, and the popular Western novels had continued to flourish from that day on, with current novels by Luke Short, Max Brand, and Louis L’ Amour carrying on the tradition.

The first Western movie appeared even earlier than these serious Western novels. Before the turn of the century, an associate of Edison’s had filmed Cripple Creek Barroom Scene, a few seconds of film showing the inside of a saloon, to help publicize the invention of the movie camera. In 1903 the Edison’ company filmed the first "full-length" Western — The Great Train Robbery. The film lasts less than fifteen minutes, but a story is told its entirety. In the movie, bandits (强盗) rob a train and its passengers, killing the engineer, and find themselves tracked down by a posse. Audiences loved the movie. Some theaters were actually opened for the single purpose of showing The Great Train Rob??bery and only later realized that they could do equally well showing other movies. The film was so suc??cessful that other companies, and finally even the Edison company itself, began producing copies and other versions of The Great Train Robbery. Ironically, in" an era when the West was still very real —-Arizona, New Mexico and Oklahoma were all territories rather than states in 1903 — The Great Train Robbery was filmed in New Jersey.  

9. The purpose of this passage is to________.

A. discuss the making of the movie The Great Train Robbery

B. discuss the early Western novels

C. discuss the art of movie making

D. trace the development of the Western as an American adventure story tradition

10. We can conclude from this passage that________.

A. people lost interest in the West after 1903

B. Owen Wister was an ex-cowboy

C. New Jersey was still "untamed wilderness" in 1903

D. films were fairly uncommon at the time The Great Train Robbery was made

11. The passage suggests that________.

A. Edison’s invention of the movie camera happened;by accident

B. movie houses didn’t make much-money in the early days

C. Easterners were fascinated by the " wild West"

D. The Great Train Robbery was poorly received by the public because it lacked a plot

12. As used in this passage, the word “literary” means________.

A. humorous                B. financial             C. appropriate to literature      D. amateur 

----How often do you visit your grandma in the village?

----I feel ashamed.______________.

A．Very often.

B．By accident.

C．Just once in a while.

D．All of a sudden.

 

Honesty may well be the policy, but it often deserts us when no one is watching, psychologists report today. Experiments with an honesty box to collect payments for hot drinks show that people are better at paying up when under the gaze(注视) of a pair of eyes. The surprise was that the eyes were not real, but photographed.

Researchers at Newcastle University set up the experiment in secret. They attached a poster to a cupboard of mugs above an-honesty box alongside a kettle ,with tea, coffee and milk. Over 10 weeks, they alternated each week between images of eyes and pictures of flowers.

Dr. Bateson, a behavioral biologist and leader of the study, said that even though the eyes were not real they still seemed to make people behave more honestly. They effect may arise from behavioral characteristics that developed as early humans formed social groups that increased their chances of survival. Individuals had to co-operate for the good of the group, rather than act selfishly.

"If nobody is watching us it is in our interests to behave selfishly. But when we think we're being watched we should behave better, so people see us as co-operative and behave the same way towards us, "Dr. Bateson said.

"We thought we'd get a slight effect with eyes, but it was quite striking how much difference they made. Even at a subconscious(潜意识的) level, it seems people respond to eyes, and that might be because eyes send a strong biological signal we have evolved(进化) to respond to."

The finding, which researchers believe sheds light on our evolutionary past, could be turned to practical use. The psychologists say images of eyes could promote ticket sales on public transport and improve monitor systems to prevent antisocial behavior.

1.This passage is mainly about _______________.

A．the policy of honesty

B．an honesty box to collect money

C．evolution on honesty

D．an experiment on honesty

2.The reason for doing the experiment secretly is that the researchers _____________.

A．wanted to get a comparatively more exact result

B．had known they wanted to do something illegally

C．meant to get the co-operation of their colleagues

D．intended to sell the hot drinks at a higher price

3.People behave honestly under watchful gaze of eyes because _____________.

A．they want to leave a good impression

B．they fear to be laughed at by others

C．they've got the nature through evolution

D．they take the photo for a real pair of eyes

4.The underlined phrase" sheds light on" in the last paragraph means _____.

A．causes somebody to become cheerful

B．makes something easier to understand

C．comes upon something by accident

D．brings something into the broad daylight

 

When a rather dirty, poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg _36____a few coins, do you hurry on, not ___37___ what to do, or do you feel sad and hurriedly ___38___ some money? What should our attitude__39__ beggars be? There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories． It ___40___ be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from． It seems ___41___ not to give some money to beggars．

__42____, most of the world’s great religions order us to be open-hearted and ___43__what we have with those less lucky than ourselves． But has the world changed? Maybe what was morally right in the old days, ___44___ one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help, is no longer the best idea． Quite a few people will not give to beggars． Let us look at their ___45__．

First, some believe that many city beggars dress up ___46___ to look pitiable and actually make a good ___47___ from begging． Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil（恶行）． __48___, there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs． Thirdly, there is the opinion__49____there is no real excuse for begging． One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing one’s sense of ___50___ and self-dependence．

Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be handled by the government __51____ordinary people． Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and __52____ help．

It is hard to come to any final conclusion: there are various __53___and we must __54___ them differently． A few coins can save a life in some situations, and even if the money is wasted, that does not take away the moral goodness of the__55____．

1.                A．to             B．with           C．at   D．for

 

2.                A．knowing        B．expecting       C．demanding    D．settling

 

3.                A．put away        B．hand over       C．take in   D．get out

 

4.                A．at             B．in             C．over D．towards

 

5.                A．must           B．can            C．need D．might

 

6.                A．warm-hearted   B．generous       C．cruel D．considerate

 

7.                A．Strangely       B．Honestly        C．Certainly  D．Surprisingly

 

8.                A．give           B．donate         C．share D．contribute

 

9.                A．why           B．when          C．what D．how

 

10.               A．arguments      B．quarrels        C．sayings    D．talks

 

11.               A．on show        B．on purpose      C．for fun    D．by accident

 

12.               A．money         B．comfort        C．living D．decision

 

13.               A．Secondly       B．Surely          C．Possibly   D．Then

 

14.               A．what           B．whether        C．that  D．which

 

15.               A．goodness       B．pride          C．security   D．responsibility

 

16.               A．rather than      B．or rather       C．other than D．but also

 

17.               A．produce        B．receive         C．earn  D．offer

 

18.               A．cases          B．events         C．conditions D．states

 

19.               A．go with         B．communicate with C．deal with  D．meet with

 

20.               A．giver          B．receiver        C．villager    D．government